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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

Table 11.1: Components of Provision for Income Taxes
			For the Year Ended September 30,
			2023						2022						2021
			(in thousands)
Current provision/(benefit):
Federal			$	34,033					$	45,042					$	62,062
State and local			12,332						15,371						20,077
Foreign			584						2,653						16,919
Total current provision for income taxes			46,949						63,066						99,058
Deferred tax expense/(benefit):
Federal			(1,495)						7,107						(2,527)
State and local			(673)						2,130						(590)
Foreign			3,720						967						(3,460)
Total deferred tax expense/(benefit)			1,552						10,204						(6,577)
Provision for income taxes			$	48,501					$	73,270					$	92,481

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign

Table 11.2: Components of Income before Provision for Income Taxes by Country
			For the Year Ended September 30,
			2023						2022						2021
			(in thousands)
Domestic			$	198,115					$	274,641					$	339,647
Foreign			12,178						2,457						44,034
Income before provision for income taxes			$	210,293					$	277,098					$	383,681

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Table 11.3: Reconciliation of Tax Expense at Statutory Rate to Actual Tax Expense
			For the Year Ended September 30,
			2023						2022						2021
			(dollars in thousands)
Tax expense at statutory rate			$	44,162					$	58,190					$	80,573
Increase/(decrease) due to:
State income taxes, net of federal benefit			11,501						14,244						18,350
Foreign taxation rate differentials			(590)						(709)						4,212
Non-deductible expenses			2,889						882						2,254
Global intangible low taxed income			2,274						—						—
Valuation allowance - foreign jurisdictions			2,010						4,875						2,285
Tax credits			(6,645)						(5,239)						(5,072)
Excess tax expense/(benefits) from stock-based compensation			(1,399)						1,143						(6,008)
Other			(5,701)						(116)						(4,113)
Income tax expense			$	48,501					$	73,270					$	92,481
U.S. Federal Statutory tax rate			21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
Effective tax rate			23.1		%				26.4		%				24.1		%

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Table 11.4: Components of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
			As of September 30,
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Deferred tax assets/(liabilities):
Costs deductible in future periods			$	37,036					$	36,604
Deferred revenue			8,712						7,273
Stock compensation			6,212						4,918
Capital loss carryforward			2,391						2,391
Net operating loss carryforwards			33,278						6,666
Amortization of goodwill and intangibles			(189,316)						(198,903)
Capitalized software			(28,246)						(15,445)
Accounts receivable - unbilled			(7,963)						(12,087)
Property and equipment			(3,437)						(2,577)
Prepaid expenses			(10,906)						(11,522)
Financial instruments			(8,158)						(8,261)
Valuation allowance			(34,643)						(8,075)
Other			(6,399)						(2,111)
Net deferred tax liability			$	(201,439)					$	(201,129)

Our deferred tax assets and liabilities are held in various national and international jurisdictions that do not allow right of offset. Accordingly, our presentation of deferred taxes on our consolidated balance sheets is split between jurisdictions that show a net deferred tax asset and a net deferred tax liability.

Table 11.5: Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities By Jurisdiction Positions
			As of September 30,
			2023						2022
			(in thousands)
Total of tax jurisdictions with net deferred tax assets			$	2,459					$	4,970
Total of tax jurisdictions with net deferred tax liabilities			(203,898)						(206,099)
Net deferred tax liabilities			$	(201,439)					$	(201,129)

Summary of Income Tax Contingencies

Table 11.6: Reconciliation of the Beginning and Ending Amounts of Potential Tax Benefits
			For the Year Ended September 30,
			2023						2022						2021
			(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of year			$	8,676					$	12,642					$	1,798
Additions for acquired unrecognized tax benefits			—						—						11,244
Decreases for lapse of statute of limitations			(2,051)						(1,412)						—
Decreases for settlements with taxing authorities			(692)						(4,785)						—
Increases for tax positions taken in current year			300						2,231						300
Decreases for tax positions taken in current year			—						—						(700)
Balance at end of year			$	6,233					$	8,676					$	12,642

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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Tabular disclosure for tax positions taken in the tax returns filed or to be filed for which it is more likely than not that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities and other income tax contingencies. Includes, but is not limited to, interest and penalties, reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits, unrecognized tax benefits that would affect the effective tax rate, tax years that remain subject to examination by tax jurisdictions, and information about positions for which it is reasonably possible that amounts unrecognized will significantly change within 12 months.

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