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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Components of Investment Properties The Company’s investment properties as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |  | Balance at
|  | December 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Investment properties, at cost: |  |  |  |
Land, buildings and improvements |  | $ | 3,038,412 |  |  | $ | 3,600,743 |
Furniture, equipment and other |  | 7,775 |  |  | 7,741 |
Construction in progress |  | 41,204 |  |  | 32,636 |
|  | $ | 3,087,391 |  |  | $ | 3,641,120 |
Consolidation and Investments in Joint Ventures The accompanying financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis and include all accounts of the Parent Company, the Operating Partnership, the taxable REIT subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership that are controlled and any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary. In general, a VIE is a corporation, partnership, trust or any other legal structure used for business purposes that either (a) has equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entity to support its activities, (b) does not have equity investors with voting rights or (c) has equity investors whose votes are disproportionate from their economics and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the investor with disproportionately fewer voting rights. The Operating Partnership accounts for properties that are owned by joint ventures in accordance with the consolidation guidance. The Operating Partnership evaluates each joint venture and determines first whether to follow the VIE or the voting interest entity ("VOE") model. Once the appropriate consolidation model is identified, the Operating Partnership then evaluates whether it should consolidate the joint venture. Under the VIE model, the Operating Partnership consolidates an entity when it has (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the VOE model, the Operating Partnership consolidates an entity when (i) it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest if the entity is not a limited partnership or (ii) it controls the entity through its ability to remove the other partners or owners in the entity, at its discretion, when the entity is a limited partnership. In determining whether to consolidate a VIE with the Operating Partnership, we consider all relationships between the Operating Partnership and the applicable VIE, including development agreements, management agreements and other contractual arrangements, in determining whether we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE's performance. As of December 31, 2019, we owned investments in two joint ventures that were VIEs in which the partners did not have substantive participating rights and we were the primary beneficiary. As of this date, these VIEs had total debt of $55.8 million, which were secured by assets of the VIEs totaling $114.1 million. The Operating Partnership guarantees the debt of these VIEs. The Operating Partnership is considered a VIE as the limited partners do not hold kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. The Parent Company consolidates the Operating Partnership as it is the primary beneficiary in accordance with the VIE model. TH Real Estate Joint Venture On June 29, 2018, the Company formed a joint venture involving TH Real Estate (the "TH Real Estate joint venture"). The Company sold three properties to the joint venture valued in the aggregate at $99.8 million and, after considering third party debt obtained by the venture upon formation, the Company contributed $10.0 million for a 20% noncontrolling ownership interest in the venture. The Company serves as the operating member responsible for day-to-day management of the properties and receives property management and leasing fees. Both members have substantive participating rights over major decisions that impact the economics and operations of the joint venture. The Company is accounting for the joint venture on the equity method as it has the ability to exercise influence, but not control over operating and financial policies. Embassy Suites at the University of Notre Dame In December 2017, we formed a new joint venture with an unrelated third party to develop and own an Embassy Suites full-service hotel next to our Eddy Street Commons operating property at the University of Notre Dame. We contributed $1.4 million of cash to the joint venture in return for a 35% ownership interest in the venture. The joint venture has entered into a $33.8 million construction loan, against which $33.6 million was drawn as of December 31, 2019. The joint venture is not considered a VIE. We are accounting for the joint venture under the equity method as both members have substantive participating rights and we do not control the activities of the venture. Acquisition of Real Estate Properties Upon acquisition of real estate operating properties, we estimate the fair value of acquired identifiable tangible assets and identified intangible assets and liabilities, assumed debt, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the date of acquisition, based on evaluation of information and estimates available at that date. Based on these estimates, we record the estimated fair value to the applicable assets and liabilities. In making estimates of fair values, a number of sources are utilized, including information obtained as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities. The estimates of fair value were determined to have primarily relied upon Level 2 and Level 3 inputs, as defined below. Fair value is determined for tangible assets and intangibles, including:
• | the fair value of the building on an as-if-vacant basis and the fair value of land determined either by comparable market data, real estate tax assessments, independent appraisals or other relevant data;
• | above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties, which are based on the present value (using an interest rate which reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over the remaining non-cancelable term of the leases. Any below-market renewal options are also considered in the in-place lease values. The capitalized above-market and below-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of or addition to rental income over the term of the lease. Should a tenant vacate, terminate its lease, or otherwise notify us of its intent to do so, the unamortized portion of the lease intangibles would be charged or credited to income;
• | the value of having a lease in place at the acquisition date. We utilize independent and internal sources for our estimates to determine the respective in-place lease values. Our estimates of value are made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers. Factors we consider in our analysis include an estimate of costs to execute similar leases including tenant improvements, leasing commissions and foregone costs and rent received during the estimated lease-up period as if the space was vacant. The value of in-place leases is amortized to expense over the remaining initial terms of the respective leases; and
• | the fair value of any assumed financing that is determined to be above or below market terms. We utilize third party and independent sources for our estimates to determine the respective fair value of each mortgage payable. The fair market value of each mortgage payable is amortized to interest expense over the remaining initial terms of the respective loan.
We also consider whether there is any value to in-place leases that have a related customer relationship intangible value. Characteristics we consider in determining these values include the nature and extent of existing business relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality, and expectations of lease renewals, among other factors. To date, a tenant relationship has not been developed that is considered to have a current intangible value. Investment Properties Capitalization and Depreciation Investment properties are recorded at cost and include costs of land acquisition, development, pre-development, construction, certain allocated overhead, tenant allowances and improvements, and interest and real estate taxes incurred during construction. Significant renovations and improvements are capitalized when they extend the useful life, increase capacity, or improve the efficiency of the asset. If a tenant vacates a space prior to the lease expiration, terminates its lease, or otherwise notifies the Company of its intent to do so, any related unamortized tenant allowances are expensed over the shortened lease period. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful lives of the respective assets are reflected in property operating expense. Pre-development costs are incurred prior to vertical construction and for certain land held for development during the due diligence phase and include contract deposits, legal, engineering, cost of internal resources and other professional fees related to evaluating the feasibility of developing or redeveloping a shopping center or other project. These pre-development costs are capitalized and included in construction in progress in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. If we determine that the completion of a development project is no longer probable, all previously incurred pre-development costs are immediately expensed. Land is transferred to construction in progress once construction commences on the related project. We also capitalize costs such as land acquisition, building construction, interest, real estate taxes, and the costs of personnel directly involved with the development of our properties. As a portion of a development property becomes operational, we expense a pro rata amount of related costs. Depreciation on buildings and improvements is provided utilizing the straight-line method over estimated original useful lives ranging from 10 to 35 years. Depreciation on tenant allowances and tenant improvements are provided utilizing the straight-line method over the term of the related lease. Depreciation on equipment and fixtures is provided utilizing the straight-line method over 5 to 10 years. Depreciation may be accelerated for a redevelopment project including partial demolition of existing structure after the asset is assessed for impairment. Impairment Management reviews operational and development projects, land parcels and intangible assets for impairment on a property-by-property basis on at least a quarterly basis or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. This review for possible impairment requires certain assumptions, estimates, and significant judgment. Impairment losses for investment properties and intangible assets are measured when the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the investment properties during the expected holding period are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. The evaluation of impairment is subject to certain management assumptions including projected net operating income, anticipated hold period, expected capital expenditures and the capitalization rate used to estimate the property's residual value. Impairment losses are recorded as the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the asset. Our impairment review for land and development properties assumes we have the intent and the ability to complete the developments or projected uses for the land parcels. If we determine those plans will not be completed or our assumptions with respect to operating assets are not realized, an impairment loss may be appropriate. Asset Held for Sale and Discontinued Operations Operating properties will be classified as held for sale only when those properties are available for immediate sale in their present condition and for which management believes it is probable that a sale of the property will be completed within one year, among other factors. Operating properties classified as held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Depreciation and amortization are suspended during the held-for-sale period. Restricted Cash and Escrow Deposits Escrow deposits consist of cash held for real estate taxes, property maintenance, insurance and other requirements at specific properties as required by lending institutions and certain municipalities. In addition, escrow deposits include $13.2 million of proceeds from the sale of an operating property to be utilized to acquire a potential asset in a tax-deferred exchange. Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. From time to time, such investments may temporarily be held in accounts that are in excess of FDIC and SIPC insurance limits; however the Company attempts to limit its exposure at any one time. The following is a summary of our cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash total as presented in our statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017:
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 31,336 |  |  | 35,376 |  |  | 24,082 |
Restricted cash and escrow deposits |  | 21,477 |  |  | 10,130 |  |  | 8,094 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and escrow deposits |  | $ | 52,813 |  |  | $ | 45,506 |  |  | $ | 32,176 |
Fair Value Measurements We follow the framework established under accounting standard FASB ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, for measuring fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required or permitted to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis but only in certain circumstances, such as a business combination or upon determination of impairment. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows:
• | Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments to which we have access.
• | Level 2 fair value inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for similar instruments, either directly or indirectly, and appropriately consider counterparty creditworthiness in the valuations.
• | Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an instrument at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate.
In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. As discussed in Note 8 to the Financial Statements, we have determined that derivative valuations are classified in Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, escrows and deposits, and other working capital balances approximate fair value. Note 6 to the Financial Statements includes a discussion of the fair values recorded when we recognized impairment charges in 2019, 2018 and 2017. Level 3 inputs to these transactions include our estimations of disposal values. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company accounts for its derivative financial instruments at fair value calculated in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair values of those derivatives are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting. We use derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps or rate locks to mitigate interest rate risk on related financial instruments. Changes in the fair values of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) while any ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is recognized immediately in earnings. Gains and losses associated with the transaction are recorded in OCI and amortized over the underlying term of the hedged transaction. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, all of our derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting. Revenue Recognition As a lessor of real estate assets, the Company retains substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership and accounts for its leases as operating leases. Contractual minimum base rent, percentage rent, and expense reimbursements from tenants for common area maintenance costs, insurance and real estate taxes are our principal sources of revenue. Base minimum rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Certain lease agreements contain provisions that grant additional rents based on a tenant’s sales volume (contingent overage rent). Overage rent is recognized when tenants achieve the specified sales targets as defined in their lease agreements. Overage rent is included in rental income in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019. If we determine that collectibility is probable, we recognize income from rentals based on the methodology described above. We have accounts receivable due from tenants and are subject to the risk of tenant defaults and bankruptcies that may affect the collection of outstanding receivables. These receivables are reduced for credit loss that is recognized as a reduction to rental income. We regularly evaluate the collectibility of these lease-related receivables by analyzing past due account balances and consider such facts as the credit quality of our customer, historical write-off experience, tenant credit-worthiness and current economic trends when evaluating the collectibility of rental income. Although we estimate uncollectible receivables and provide for them through charges against income, actual experience may differ from those estimates. We recognize the sale of real estate when control transfers to the buyer. As part of our ongoing business strategy, we will, from time to time, sell land parcels and outlots, some of which are ground leased to tenants. Net gains realized on such sales were $0.2 million, $3.1 million, and $5.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively, and are classified as other property related revenue in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Tenant and Other Receivables and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Tenant receivables consist primarily of billed minimum rent, accrued and billed tenant reimbursements, and accrued straight-line rent. The Company generally does not require specific collateral from its tenants other than corporate or personal guarantees. Other receivables consist primarily of amounts due from municipalities and from tenants for non-rental revenue related activities. An allowance for uncollectible accounts is maintained for estimated losses resulting from the inability of certain tenants or others to meet contractual obligations under their lease or other agreements. Accounts are written off when, in the opinion of management, the balance is uncollectible. The provision for revenues deemed uncollectible, represented 1.1%, 1.0%, 0.8% of total revenues in each of the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. Concentration of Credit Risk We may be subject to concentrations of credit risk with regards to our cash and cash equivalents. We place cash and temporary cash investments with high-credit-quality financial institutions. From time to time, such cash and investments may temporarily be in excess of insurance limits. In addition, our accounts receivable from and leases with tenants potentially subjects us to a concentration of credit risk related to our accounts receivable and revenue. Total billed receivables due from tenants leasing space in the states of Florida, Indiana, and Texas, consisted of the following as of December 31, 2019 and 2018:
| As of December 31, 2019
| 2019 |  | 2018
Florida | 36 | % |  | 56 | %
Indiana | 19 | % |  | 14 | %
Texas | 7 | % |  | 3 | %
For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the Company's revenue recognized from tenants leasing space in the states of Florida, Indiana, and Texas, were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Florida | 25 | % |  | 25 | % |  | 24 | %
Indiana | 16 | % |  | 15 | % |  | 14 | %
Texas | 14 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 13 | %
Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share or unit is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares or units outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share or unit is determined based on the weighted average common number of shares or units outstanding during the period combined with the incremental average common shares or units that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all potentially dilutive common shares or units into common shares or units as of the earliest date possible. Potentially dilutive securities include outstanding options to acquire common shares; Limited Partner Units, which may be exchanged for either cash or common shares, at the Parent Company’s option and under certain circumstances; appreciation only LTIP units, and deferred common share units, which may be credited to the personal accounts of non-employee trustees in lieu of the payment of cash compensation or the issuance of common shares to such trustees. Limited Partner Units have been omitted from the Parent Company’s denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share since the effect of including these amounts in the denominator would have no dilutive impact. Weighted average Limited Partner Units outstanding for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were 2.1 million, 2.0 million and 2.0 million, respectively. Less than 0.1 million outstanding options to acquire common shares were excluded from the computations of diluted earnings per share or unit because their impact was not dilutive for each of the twelve months ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017. In addition, Limited Partner Units, appreciation only LTIP units, and deferred common share units are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share due to the net loss position in 2018 and 2019. Segment Reporting Our primary business is the ownership and operation of neighborhood and community shopping centers. We do not distinguish or group our operations on a geographical basis, or any other basis, when measuring and evaluating financial performance. Accordingly, we have one operating segment, which also serves as our reportable segment for disclosure purposes in accordance with GAAP. Income Taxes and REIT Compliance Parent Company The Parent Company, which is considered a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, has been organized and intends to continue to operate in a manner that will enable it to maintain its qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. As a result, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the earnings that it distributes to the extent it distributes its “REIT taxable income” (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to shareholders of the Parent Company and meets certain other requirements on a recurring basis. To the extent that it satisfies this distribution requirement, but distributes less than 100% of its taxable income, it will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Parent Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate rates for a period of four years following the year in which qualification is lost. We may also be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property and to federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income even if the Parent Company does qualify as a REIT. The Operating Partnership intends to continue to make distributions to the Parent Company in amounts sufficient to assist the Parent Company in adhering to REIT requirements and maintaining its REIT status. We have elected to treat Kite Realty Holdings, LLC as a taxable REIT subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, and we may elect to treat other subsidiaries as taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future. This election enables us to receive income and provide services that would otherwise be impermissible for a REIT. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of assets and liabilities at the tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Our tax return for the year ended December 31, 2019 has not been filed. The taxability information presented for our dividends paid in 2019 is based upon management's estimate. Consequently, the taxability of dividends is subject to change. A summary of the tax characterization of the dividends paid by the Parent Company for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 is as follows:
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Ordinary income |  | 29.7 | % |  | 56.0 | % |  | 65.2 | %
Return of capital |  | 35.2 | % |  | 44.0 | % |  | 24.3 | %
Capital gains |  | 35.1 | % |  | — | % |  | 10.5 | %
Balance, end of year |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Operating Partnership The allocated share of income and loss, other than the operations of our taxable REIT subsidiary, is included in the income tax returns of the Operating Partnership's partners. Accordingly, the only U.S. federal income taxes included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are in connection with the taxable REIT subsidiary. Noncontrolling Interests We report the non-redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries as equity and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to these noncontrolling interests is set forth separately in the consolidated financial statements. The non-redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Noncontrolling interests balance January 1 |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 692 |
Net income allocable to noncontrolling interests, excluding redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Noncontrolling interests balance at December 31 |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 698 |
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Limited Partners Limited Partner Units are redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership. We classify redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets outside of permanent equity because we may be required to pay cash to holders of Limited Partner Units upon redemption of their interests in the Operating Partnership or deliver registered shares upon their conversion. The carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership is reflected at the greater of historical book value or redemption value with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. At December 31, 2019, the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership exceeded the historical book value, and the balance was accordingly adjusted to redemption value. At December 31, 2018, the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership did not exceed the historical book value, and the balance was accordingly adjusted to historical book value. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after noncontrolling interests in the consolidated properties based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interest. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership at the end of each reporting period to reflect their interests in the Operating Partnership or redemption value. This adjustment is reflected in our shareholders’ and Parent Company's equity. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the weighted average interests of the Parent Company and the limited partners in the Operating Partnership were as follows:
|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Parent Company’s weighted average interest in Operating Partnership |  | 97.6 | % |  | 97.6 | % |  | 97.7 | %
Limited partners' weighted average interests in Operating Partnership |  | 2.4 | % |  | 2.4 | % |  | 2.3 | %
At December 31, 2019, the Parent Company's interest and the limited partners' redeemable noncontrolling ownership interests in the Operating Partnership were 97.5% and 2.5%. At December 31, 2018, the Parent Company's interest and the limited partners' redeemable noncontrolling ownership interests in the Operating Partnership were 97.6% and 2.4%. Concurrent with the Parent Company’s initial public offering and related formation transactions, certain individuals received Limited Partner Units of the Operating Partnership in exchange for their interests in certain properties. The limited partners have the right to redeem Limited Partner Units for cash or, at the Parent Company's election, common shares of the Parent Company in an amount equal to the market value of an equivalent number of common shares of the Parent Company at the time of redemption. Such common shares must be registered, which is not fully in the Parent Company’s control. Therefore, the limited partners’ interest is not reflected in permanent equity. The Parent Company also has the right to redeem the Limited Partner Units directly from the limited partner in exchange for either cash in the amount specified above or a number of its common shares equal to the number of Limited Partner Units being redeemed. There were 2,110,037 and 2,035,349 Limited Partner Units outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The increase in Limited Partner Units outstanding from December 31, 2018 is due primarily to non-cash compensation awards made to our executive officers. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests - Subsidiaries Prior to our merger with Inland Diversified Real Estate Trust, Inc. ("Inland Diversified") in 2014, Inland Diversified formed joint ventures with the previous owners of certain properties and issued Class B units in three joint ventures that indirectly own those properties. The Class B units related to one of these three joint ventures remain outstanding and are accounted for as noncontrolling interests in these properties. The remaining Class B units will become redeemable at our partner's election in October 2022 based on the joint venture agreement and the fulfillment of certain redemption criteria. Beginning in November 2022, with respect to the remaining joint venture, the Class B units can be redeemed at the election of either our partner or us for cash or Limited Partner Units in the Operating Partnership. None of the issued Class B units have a maturity date and none are mandatorily redeemable unless either party has elected for the units to be redeemed. We consolidate this joint venture because we control the decision making and our joint venture partner has limited protective rights. In March 2017, certain Class B unit holders exercised their right to redeem $8.3 million of their Class B units for cash. We funded the redemption in December 2017 using operating cash flows. In 2018, the same Class B unit holders exercised their right to redeem their remaining Class B units for cash. We funded $10.0 million of the redemption in August 2018 and the remaining $12.0 million in November 2018. We classify the remainder of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in a subsidiary in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets outside of permanent equity because, under certain circumstances, we may be required to pay cash to Class B unitholders in specific subsidiaries upon redemption of their interests. The carrying amount of these redeemable noncontrolling interests is required to be reflected at the greater of initial book value or redemption value with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the redemption amounts of these interests did not exceed their fair value, nor did they exceed the initial book value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017 were as follows:
($ in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Redeemable noncontrolling interests balance January 1 |  | $ | 45,743 |  |  | $ | 72,104 |  |  | $ | 88,165 |
Net income allocable to redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | 532 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 2,009 |
Distributions declared to redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | (3,191 | ) |  | (3,788 | ) |  | (4,155 | )
Payment for partial redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interests |  | — |  |  | (22,461 | ) |  | (8,261 | )
Other, net including adjustments to redemption value |  | 9,490 |  |  | (228 | ) |  | (5,654 | )
Total limited partners' interests in Operating Partnership and other redeemable noncontrolling interests balance at December 31 |  | $ | 52,574 |  |  | $ | 45,743 |  |  | $ | 72,104 |
Limited partners' interests in Operating Partnership |  | $ | 42,504 |  |  | $ | 35,673 |  |  | $ | 39,573 |
Other redeemable noncontrolling interests in certain subsidiaries |  | 10,070 |  |  | 10,070 |  |  | 32,531 |
Total limited partners' interests in Operating Partnership and other redeemable noncontrolling interests balance at December 31 |  | $ | 52,574 |  |  | $ | 45,743 |  |  | $ | 72,104 |
Reclassifications Certain amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for 2017 and 2018 have been reclassified to conform to the 2019 consolidated financial statement presentation. The reclassifications had no impact on the net income previously reported. Effects of Accounting Pronouncements Adoption of New Standards Leases On January 1, 2019. we adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") ASU 2016-02, Leases, using the modified retrospective approach along with electing the package of practical expedients. ASU 2016-02 amends the existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets and making certain changes to lessor accounting, including the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. For leases with a term of one year or less, the Company made an accounting policy election by underlying asset to not recognize lease liabilities and right-of-use (ROU) assets, and expenses for these short-term leases is immaterial for all periods presented. The practical expedients include the following: •The Company did not reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases; •The Company did not reassess the lease classification of any expired or existing leases; •The Company did not reassess initial direct costs for any existing leases; and
• | The Company elected to not separate non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, of a contract from the leases to which they relate when specific criteria are met.
The new leasing standard also amended ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers. Under ASC 340-40, incremental costs of obtaining a contract are recognized as an asset if the entity expects to recover them. Certain costs that were previously capitalized as a leasing cost no longer meet the requirements for capitalization under the new leasing standard. The Company capitalized $5.4 million less in leasing costs during the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the prior year. Note 9 to the Financial Statements includes a discussion of the lease rental income and expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 and future rental income and expense to be received or paid under non-cancelable operating leases. Derivatives and Hedging On January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging: Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities. ASU 2017-02 better aligns a company’s financial reporting for hedging activities with the economic objectives of those activities. The adoption of ASU 2017-12 did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. New Standards Issued but Not Yet Adopted In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Financial Instruments - Credit Losses." The ASU sets forth a "current expected credit loss" (CECL) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets. Receivables arising from operating leases are not within the scope of this standard, but rather, are accounted for in accordance with the Leases standard. The new standard is effective for the Company beginning with the first quarter of 2020 and will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122149 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 810 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2197479 Reference 3: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 Reference 4: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 275 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134479 + Details
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