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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Investment Properties | Investment Properties Capitalization and Depreciation Investment properties are recorded at cost and include costs of land acquisition, development, pre-development, construction, certain allocated overhead, tenant allowances and improvements, and interest and real estate taxes incurred during construction. Significant renovations and improvements are capitalized when they extend the useful life, increase capacity, or improve the efficiency of the asset. If a tenant vacates a space prior to the lease expiration, terminates its lease, or otherwise notifies the Company of its intent to do so, any related unamortized tenant allowances are expensed over the shortened lease period. Maintenance and repairs that do not extend the useful lives of the respective assets are reflected within “Property operating” expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Pre-development costs are incurred prior to vertical construction and for certain land held for development during the due diligence phase and include contract deposits, legal, engineering, cost of internal resources and other professional fees related to evaluating the feasibility of developing or redeveloping a shopping center or other project. These pre-development costs are capitalized and included in construction in progress in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. If we determine that the completion of a development project is no longer probable, all previously incurred pre-development costs are immediately expensed. Land is transferred to construction in progress once construction commences on the related project. We also capitalize costs such as land acquisition, building construction, interest, real estate taxes, and the costs of personnel directly involved with the development of our properties. As a portion of a development project becomes operational, we expense a pro rata amount of the related costs. Depreciation on buildings and improvements is computed using the straight-line method over estimated original useful lives ranging from 10 to 35 years. Depreciation on tenant allowances and tenant improvements is computed using the straight-line method over the term of the related lease. Depreciation on equipment and fixtures is computed using the straight-line method over five to 10 years. Depreciation may be accelerated for a redevelopment project, including partial demolition of an existing structure, after the asset is assessed for impairment. We recognize the sale of real estate when control transfers to the buyer. As part of our ongoing business strategy, we will, from time to time, sell properties, land parcels and outlots, some of which are ground-leased to tenants.
Valuation of Investment Properties | Management reviews operational and development projects, land parcels and intangible assets for impairment on a property-by-property basis whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may not be recoverable. This review for possible impairment requires certain assumptions, estimates, and significant judgment. Examples of situations considered to be impairment indicators for both operating properties and development projects include, but are not limited to: •a substantial decline in or continued low occupancy rate or cash flow; •expected significant declines in occupancy in the near future; •continued difficulty in leasing space; •a significant concentration of financially troubled tenants; •a reduction in the anticipated holding period; •a cost accumulation or delay in project completion date significantly above and beyond the original development or redevelopment estimate; •a significant decrease in the market price not in line with general market trends; and •any other quantitative or qualitative events or factors deemed significant by the Company’s management or Board of Trustees. Impairment losses for investment properties and intangible assets are measured when the undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by the investment properties during the expected holding period are less than the carrying amounts of those assets. The evaluation of impairment is subject to certain management assumptions, including projected net operating income, anticipated hold period, expected capital expenditures and the capitalization rate used to estimate the property’s residual value. Impairment losses are recorded as the excess of the carrying value over the estimated fair value of the asset. Our impairment review for land and development properties assumes we have the intent and ability to complete the developments or projected uses for the land parcels. If we determine those plans will not be completed or our assumptions with respect to operating assets are not realized, an impairment loss may be appropriate.
Assets Held for Sale | Assets Held for Sale Operating properties will be classified as held for sale only when those properties are available for immediate sale in their present condition and for which management believes it is probable that a sale of the property will be completed within one year, among other factors. Operating properties classified as held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell. Depreciation and amortization are suspended during the held-for-sale period. No properties qualified for held for sale accounting treatment as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.
Acquisition of Investment Properties | Acquisition of Investment Properties Upon acquisition of real estate operating properties, including those assets acquired in the Merger with RPAI, we estimate the fair value of acquired identifiable tangible assets and identified intangible assets and liabilities, assumed debt, and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree at the date of acquisition, based on evaluation of information and estimates available at that date. Based on these estimates, we record the estimated fair value to the applicable assets and liabilities. In making estimates of fair value, a number of sources are used, including information obtained as a result of pre-acquisition due diligence, marketing and leasing activities. The estimates of fair value were determined to have primarily relied upon Level 2 and Level 3 inputs, as defined below. Fair value is determined for tangible assets and intangibles, including: •the fair value of the building on an as-if-vacant basis and the fair value of land determined either by comparable market data, real estate tax assessments, independent appraisals or other relevant data; •above-market and below-market in-place lease values for acquired properties, which are based on the present value (using an interest rate that reflects the risks associated with the leases acquired) of the difference between (i) the contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the in-place leases and (ii) management’s estimate of fair market lease rates for the corresponding in-place leases, measured over the remaining non-cancelable term of the leases. Any below-market renewal options are also considered in the in-place lease values. The capitalized above-market and below-market lease values are amortized as a reduction of or addition to rental income over the term of the lease. Should a tenant vacate, terminate its lease, or otherwise notify us of its intent to do so, the unamortized portion of the lease intangibles would be charged or credited to income; •the value of having a lease in place at the acquisition date. We use independent and internal sources for our estimates to determine the respective in-place lease values. Our estimates of value are made using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers. Factors we consider in our analysis include an estimate of costs to execute similar leases, including tenant improvements, leasing commissions and foregone costs and rent received during the estimated lease-up period as if the space was vacant. The value of in-place leases is amortized to expense over the remaining initial terms of the respective leases; and •the fair value of any assumed financing that is determined to be above- or below-market terms. We use third party and independent sources for our estimates to determine the respective fair value of each mortgage and other indebtedness, including related derivative instruments, assumed. The fair market value of each is amortized to interest expense over the remaining initial terms of the respective instruments. We also consider whether there is any value to in-place leases that have a related customer relationship intangible value. Characteristics we consider in determining these values include the nature and extent of existing business relationships with the tenant, growth prospects for developing new business with the tenant, the tenant’s credit quality, and expectations of lease renewals, among other factors. To date, no tenant relationship has been developed that is considered to have a current intangible value.
Consolidation and Investments in Joint Ventures | Consolidation and Investments in Joint Ventures The accompanying financial statements are presented on a consolidated basis and include all accounts of the Parent Company, the Operating Partnership, the taxable REIT subsidiaries (“TRSs”) of the Operating Partnership, subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership that are controlled and any variable interest entities (“VIEs”) in which the Operating Partnership is the primary beneficiary. In general, a VIE is a corporation, partnership, trust or any other legal structure used for business purposes that either (a) has equity investors that do not provide sufficient financial resources for the entity to support its activities, (b) does not have equity investors with voting rights, or (c) has equity investors whose votes are disproportionate from their economics and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the investor with disproportionately fewer voting rights. The Operating Partnership accounts for properties that are owned by joint ventures in accordance with the consolidation guidance by evaluating each joint venture and determining first whether to follow the VIE or the voting interest entity (“VOE”) model. Once the appropriate consolidation model is identified, the Operating Partnership then evaluates whether it should consolidate the joint venture. Under the VIE model, the Operating Partnership consolidates an entity when it has (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Under the VOE model, the Operating Partnership consolidates an entity when (i) it controls the entity through ownership of a majority voting interest if the entity is not a limited partnership or (ii) it controls the entity through its ability to remove the other partners or owners in the entity, at its discretion, when the entity is a limited partnership. In determining whether to consolidate a VIE with the Operating Partnership, we consider all relationships between the Operating Partnership and the applicable VIE, including development and management agreements and other contractual arrangements, in determining whether we have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly affect the VIE’s performance. As of December 31, 2022, we owned investments in two consolidated joint ventures that were VIEs in which the partners did not have substantive participating rights and we were the primary beneficiary. As of December 31, 2022, these consolidated VIEs had mortgage debt of $28.3 million, which were secured by assets of the VIEs totaling $118.6 million. The Operating Partnership guarantees the mortgage debt of these VIEs. The Operating Partnership is considered a VIE as the limited partners do not hold kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. The Parent Company consolidates the Operating Partnership as it is the primary beneficiary in accordance with the VIE model.
Cash and Cash Equivalents | Cash and Cash Equivalents We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of 90 days or less to be cash and cash equivalents. From time to time, such investments may temporarily be held in accounts that are in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) and the Securities Investor Protection Corporation (“SIPC”) insurance limits; however, the Company attempts to limit its exposure at any one time.
Restricted Cash and Escrow Deposits | Restricted Cash and Escrow Deposits Escrow deposits consist of cash held for real estate taxes, property maintenance, insurance and other requirements at specific properties as required by lending institutions, certain municipalities or other agreements.
Short-Term Deposits | Short-Term Deposits During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company used the proceeds from a $125.0 million short-term deposit that matured on April 7, 2022 to repay borrowings on the Company’s revolving line of credit. The deposit balance was held in a custody account at Bank of New York Mellon and earned interest at a rate of the Federal Funds Rate plus 43 basis points. Interest income earned on the deposit is recorded within “Other income (expense), net” on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.
Fair Value Measurements | Fair Value Measurements We follow the framework established under Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, for measuring fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities that are not required or permitted to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis but only in certain circumstances, such as a business combination or upon determination of an impairment. Assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on the consolidated balance sheets are categorized based on the inputs to the valuation techniques as follows: •Level 1 fair value inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments to which we have access. •Level 2 fair value inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for similar instruments, either directly or indirectly, and appropriately consider counterparty creditworthiness in the valuation. •Level 3 fair value inputs reflect our best estimate of inputs and assumptions market participants would use in pricing an instrument at the measurement date. The inputs are unobservable in the market and significant to the valuation estimate. In instances where the determination of the fair value measurement is based on inputs from different levels of the fair value hierarchy, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the entire fair value measurement falls is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement in its entirety. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability. As discussed in Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements, we have determined that derivative valuations are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements includes a discussion of the estimated fair value of fixed and variable rate debt, which are estimated using Level 2 and 3 inputs. Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements includes a discussion of the fair values recorded for the assets acquired in the Merger with RPAI in 2021. Level 3 inputs to this transaction include our estimations of land values, net rental rates of anchor and small shop space and capitalization rates. Level 3 inputs to these transactions include our estimations of disposal values. Cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, escrows and deposits, and other working capital balances approximate fair value.
Derivative Financial Instruments | Derivative Financial Instruments The Company accounts for its derivative financial instruments at fair value calculated in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. Gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair value of those derivatives are accounted for depending on the use of the derivative and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting. We use derivative instruments such as interest rate swaps or rate locks to mitigate interest rate risk on related financial instruments. Changes in the fair values of derivatives that qualify as cash flow hedges are recognized in other comprehensive income (“OCI”) while any ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is recognized immediately in earnings. Gains and losses associated with the transaction are recorded in OCI and amortized over the underlying term of the hedged transaction. For derivative contracts designated as fair value hedges, the gain or loss on the derivative is included within “Mortgage and other indebtedness, net” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. We include the gain or loss on the hedged item in the same account as the offsetting gain or loss on the related derivative contract. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, all of our derivative instruments qualify for hedge accounting.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition As a lessor of real estate assets, the Company retains substantially all of the risks and benefits of ownership and accounts for its leases as operating leases. Contractual minimum base rent, percentage rent, and expense reimbursements from tenants for common area maintenance costs, insurance and real estate taxes are our principal sources of revenue. Base minimum rents are recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the respective leases. Certain lease agreements contain provisions that grant additional rents based on a tenant’s sales volume (contingent overage rent). Overage rent is recognized when tenants achieve the specified sales targets as defined in their lease agreements and is included within “Rental income” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020. If we determine that collectibility is probable, we recognize income from rentals based on the methodology described above. We have accounts receivable due from tenants and are subject to the risk of tenant defaults and bankruptcies that may affect the collection of the outstanding receivables. These receivables are reduced for credit loss that is recognized as a reduction to rental income. We regularly evaluate the collectibility of these lease-related receivables by analyzing past due account balances and consider such facts as the credit quality of our customer, historical write-off experience and current economic trends when evaluating the collectibility of rental income. Although we estimate uncollectible receivables and provide for them through charges against income, actual experience may differ from those estimates.
Tenant and Other Receivables and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts | Tenant and Other Receivables and Allowance for Uncollectible Accounts Tenant receivables consist primarily of billed minimum rent, accrued and billed tenant reimbursements, and accrued straight-line rent. The Company generally does not require specific collateral from its tenants other than corporate or personal guarantees. Other receivables consist primarily of amounts due from municipalities and from tenants for non-rental revenue-related activities. An allowance for uncollectible accounts, including future credit losses of the accrued straight-line rent receivables, is maintained for estimated losses resulting from the inability of certain tenants to meet contractual obligations under their lease agreements. Accounts are written off when, in the opinion of management, the balance is deemed uncollectible.
Concentration of Credit Risk | Concentration of Credit Risk We may be subject to concentrations of credit risk with regards to our cash and cash equivalents. We place cash and temporary cash investments with high-credit-quality financial institutions. From time to time, such cash and investments may temporarily be in excess of insurance limits. In addition, our leases with tenants potentially subject us to a concentration of credit risk related to our accounts receivable and revenue.
Earnings Per Share | Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share or unit is calculated based on the weighted average number of common shares or units outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share or unit is determined based on the weighted average number of common shares or units outstanding during the period combined with the incremental average common shares or units that would have been outstanding assuming the conversion of all potentially dilutive common shares or units into common shares or units as of the earliest date possible. Potentially dilutive securities include (i) outstanding options to acquire common shares; (ii) Limited Partner Units, which may be exchanged for either cash or common shares at the Parent Company’s option and under certain circumstances; (iii) appreciation-only Long-Term Incentive Plan (“AO LTIP”) units; and (iv) deferred common share units, which may be credited to the personal accounts of non-employee trustees in lieu of compensation paid in cash or the issuance of common shares to such trustees. Limited Partner Units have been omitted from the Parent Company’s denominator for the purpose of computing diluted earnings per share since the effect of including those amounts in the denominator would have no dilutive impact.
Segment Reporting | Segment Reporting Our primary business is the ownership and operation of high-quality, open-air shopping centers and mixed-use assets. The Company’s chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), which is its Chief Executive Officer, reviews operating and financial information for each property on an individual basis and therefore, each property represents an individual operating segment. The CODM measures and evaluates the financial performance of our portfolio of properties using net operating income, which consists of rental income less property operating expenses and real estate taxes, and does not distinguish or group our operations on a geographical or any other basis. Accordingly, we have aggregated our properties into one reportable segment for disclosure purposes in accordance with GAAP, as each property has similar economic characteristics, the Company provides similar services to its tenants and the Company’s CODM evaluates the collective performance of our properties.
Income Taxes and REIT Compliance | Income Taxes and REIT Compliance Parent Company The Parent Company has been organized and operated, and intends to continue to operate, in a manner that will enable it to maintain its qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, it generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on the earnings that it distributes to the extent it distributes its “REIT taxable income” (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains) to shareholders of the Parent Company and meets certain other requirements on a recurring basis. To the extent that it satisfies this distribution requirement, but distributes less than 100% of its taxable income, it will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its undistributed REIT taxable income. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If the Parent Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, it will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on its taxable income at regular corporate rates for a period of four years following the year in which qualification is lost. Additionally, for tax years beginning after December 31, 2022, we would possibly also be subject to certain taxes enacted by the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 that are applicable to non-REIT corporations, including the nondeductible one percent excise tax on certain stock repurchases. We may also be subject to certain U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property and to U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed taxable income even if the Parent Company does qualify as a REIT. The Operating Partnership intends to continue to make distributions to the Parent Company in amounts sufficient to assist the Parent Company in adhering to REIT requirements and maintaining its REIT status. We have elected to treat Kite Realty Holdings, LLC as a TRS of the Operating Partnership. In addition, in connection with the Merger, we assumed RPAI’s existing TRS, IWR Protective Corporation, as a TRS of the Operating Partnership and we may elect to treat other subsidiaries as TRSs in the future. This election enables us to receive income and provide services that would otherwise be impermissible for a REIT. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for temporary differences between the financial reporting bases and the tax bases of assets and liabilities at the tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. The Company recognizes the effect of income tax positions only if those positions are more likely than not of being sustained. Recognized income tax positions are measured at the largest amount that is greater than 50% likely of being realized. Changes in recognition or measurement are reflected in the period in which the change in judgment occurs. The Company records interest related to unrecognized tax benefits within “Interest expense” and penalties within “General, administrative and other” expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Our tax return for the year ended December 31, 2022 has not been filed as of the filing date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K of the Parent Company and the Operating Partnership. The taxability information presented for our dividends paid in 2022 is based upon management’s estimate. Consequently, the taxability of dividends is subject to change. A summary of the tax characterization of the dividends paid by the Parent Company for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 is as follows:
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Ordinary income | 86.1 | % |  | 0.0 | % |  | 89.3 | %
Return of capital | 0.0 | % |  | 13.4 | % |  | 0.0 | %
Capital gains | 13.9 | % |  | 86.6 | % |  | 10.7 | %
Balance, end of year | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Operating Partnership The allocated share of income and loss, other than the operations of our TRSs, is included in the income tax returns of the Operating Partnership’s partners. Accordingly, the only U.S. federal income taxes included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements are in connection with the TRSs.
Noncontrolling Interests | Noncontrolling Interests We report the non-redeemable noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries as equity, and the amount of consolidated net income attributable to these noncontrolling interests is set forth separately in the consolidated financial statements. The following table summarizes the non-redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated properties for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (in thousands):
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Noncontrolling interests balance as of January 1, | $ | 5,146 |  |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 698 |
Noncontrolling interests acquired in the Merger | — |  |  | 4,463 |  |  | — |
Net loss (income) allocable to noncontrolling interests, excluding redeemable noncontrolling interests | 224 |  |  | (15) |  |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Noncontrolling interests balance as of December 31, | $ | 5,370 |  |  | $ | 5,146 |  |  | $ | 698 |
Noncontrolling Interests – Joint Venture Prior to the Merger with RPAI, RPAI entered into a joint venture related to the development, ownership and operation of the multifamily rental portion of the expansion project at One Loudoun Downtown – Pads G & H. The Company owns 90% of the joint venture. As of December 31, 2022, the Company has funded $0.9 million of the partner’s development costs related to One Loudoun Downtown – Pads G & H through a loan provided by the Company to the joint venture. The loan is secured by the joint venture project, is required to be repaid subsequent to the completion of construction and stabilization of the project and is eliminated upon consolidation. Under terms defined in the joint venture agreement, after construction completion and stabilization of the development project (as defined in the joint venture agreement), the Company has the ability to call, and the joint venture partner has the ability to put to the Company, subject to certain conditions, the joint venture partner’s interest in the joint venture at fair value. The Company expects that these conditions will be met in the second half of 2023. The joint venture is considered a VIE primarily because the Company’s joint venture partner does not have substantive kick-out rights or substantive participating rights. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary as it has a controlling financial interest in the joint venture. As such, the Company has consolidated this joint venture and presented the joint venture partners’ interests as noncontrolling interests. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Limited Partners Limited Partner Units are redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership. We classify redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets outside of permanent equity because we may be required to pay cash to holders of Limited Partner Units upon redemption of their interests in the Operating Partnership or deliver registered shares upon their conversion. The carrying amount of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership is reflected at the greater of historical book value or redemption value with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, the redemption value of the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership exceeded the historical book value, and the balances were accordingly adjusted to redemption value. We allocate net operating results of the Operating Partnership after noncontrolling interests in the consolidated properties based on the partners’ respective weighted average ownership interest. We adjust the redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership at the end of each reporting period to reflect their interests in the Operating Partnership or redemption value. This adjustment is reflected in our shareholders’ and Parent Company’s equity. For the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020, the weighted average interests of the Parent Company and the limited partners in the Operating Partnership were as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Parent Company’s weighted average interest in Operating Partnership | 98.7 | % |  | 97.8 | % |  | 97.4 | %
Limited partners’ weighted average interests in Operating Partnership | 1.3 | % |  | 2.2 | % |  | 2.6 | %
As of December 31, 2022, the Parent Company’s interest and the limited partners’ redeemable noncontrolling ownership interests in the Operating Partnership were 98.7% and 1.3%. As of December 31, 2021, the Parent Company’s interest and the limited partners’ redeemable noncontrolling ownership interests in the Operating Partnership were 98.9% and 1.1%. Concurrent with the Parent Company’s IPO and related formation transactions, certain individuals received Limited Partner Units of the Operating Partnership in exchange for their interests in certain properties. The limited partners have the right to redeem Limited Partner Units for cash or, at the Parent Company’s election, common shares of the Parent Company in an amount equal to the market value of an equivalent number of common shares of the Parent Company at the time of redemption. Such common shares must be registered, which is not fully in the Parent Company’s control. Therefore, the limited partners’ interest is not reflected in permanent equity. The Parent Company also has the right to redeem the Limited Partner Units directly from the limited partner in exchange for either cash in the amount specified above or a number of its common shares equal to the number of Limited Partner Units being redeemed. There were 2,870,697 and 2,377,777 Limited Partner Units outstanding as of December 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in Limited Partner Units outstanding from December 31, 2021 is due to non-cash compensation awards made to our executive officers in the form of Limited Partner Units. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests – Subsidiaries Prior to the merger with Inland Diversified Real Estate Trust, Inc. (“Inland Diversified”) in 2014, Inland Diversified formed joint ventures with the previous owners of certain properties and issued Class B units in three joint ventures that indirectly own those properties. As of December 31, 2021, the Class B units related to one of these joint ventures that owned Crossing at Killingly Commons, our multi-tenant retail property in Dayville, Connecticut, was outstanding and accounted for as noncontrolling interests in the remaining venture. In October 2022, the remaining Class B units became redeemable at the partner’s election and the fulfillment of certain redemption criteria for cash or Limited Partner Units in the Operating Partnership. In October 2022, we received notice from our joint venture partner of its exercise of their right to redeem the remaining Class B units for cash in the amount of $9.7 million, which redemption was funded using cash on October 3, 2022. Prior to the redemption, the Class B units did not have a maturity date and were not mandatorily redeemable unless either party had elected for the units to be redeemed. Prior to the redemption, we consolidated this joint venture because we controlled the decision-making and our joint venture partner had limited protective rights. Prior to the redemption, we classified the redeemable noncontrolling interests related to the remaining Class B units in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets outside of permanent equity because, under certain circumstances, we may have been required to pay cash to the Class B unitholders in this subsidiary upon redemption of their interests. The carrying amount of these redeemable noncontrolling interests is required to be reflected at the greater of initial book value or redemption value with a corresponding adjustment to additional paid-in capital. As of December 31, 2021, the redemption amounts of these interests did not exceed their fair value nor did they exceed the initial book value. The redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership and subsidiaries for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 were as follows (in thousands):
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Redeemable noncontrolling interests balance as of January 1, | $ | 55,173 |  |  | $ | 43,275 |  |  | $ | 52,574 |
Net income (loss) allocable to redeemable noncontrolling interests | 258 |  |  | (901) |  |  | 100 |
Distributions declared to redeemable noncontrolling interests | (2,622) |  |  | (2,208) |  |  | (1,533) |
Payment for redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interests | (10,070) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other, net including adjustments to redemption value | 11,228 |  |  | 15,007 |  |  | (7,866) |
Total limited partners’ interests in Operating Partnership and other redeemable noncontrolling interests balance as of December 31, | $ | 53,967 |  |  | $ | 55,173 |  |  | $ | 43,275 |
Limited partners’ interests in Operating Partnership | $ | 53,967 |  |  | $ | 45,103 |  |  | $ | 33,205 |
Other redeemable noncontrolling interests in certain subsidiaries | — |  |  | 10,070 |  |  | 10,070 |
Total limited partners’ interests in Operating Partnership and other redeemable noncontrolling interests balance as of December 31, | $ | 53,967 |  |  | $ | 55,173 |  |  | $ | 43,275 |
Effects of Accounting Pronouncements | Effects of Accounting Pronouncements In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), which contains practical expedients for reference rate reform related activities that impact debt, leases, derivatives and other contracts. The guidance in ASU 2020-04 is optional and may be elected over time as reference rate reform activities occur. In March 2020, the Company elected to apply the hedge accounting expedients related to probability and the assessments of effectiveness for future London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”)-indexed cash flows to assume that the index upon which future hedged transactions will be based matches the index on the corresponding derivatives. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company elected to apply additional expedients related to contract modifications, changes in critical terms, and updates to the designated hedged risks as qualifying changes have been made to the applicable debt and derivative contracts. Application of these expedients preserves the presentation of derivatives consistent with past presentation. The Company continues to evaluate the impact of the guidance and may apply other elections as applicable as additional changes in the market occur.

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