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MORTGAGE AND OTHER INDEBTEDNESS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
MORTGAGE AND OTHER INDEBTEDNESS | MORTGAGE AND OTHER INDEBTEDNESS The following table summarizes the Company’s indebtedness as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Mortgages payable | $ | 153,306 |  |  | $ | 233,621 |
Senior unsecured notes | 1,829,635 |  |  | 1,924,635 |
Unsecured term loans | 820,000 |  |  | 820,000 |
Unsecured revolving line of credit | — |  |  | — |
| 2,802,941 |  |  | 2,978,256 |
Unamortized discounts and premiums, net | 35,765 |  |  | 44,362 |
Unamortized debt issuance costs, net | (9,504) |  |  | (12,319) |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 2,829,202 |  |  | $ | 3,010,299 |
Consolidated indebtedness, including weighted average interest rates and weighted average maturities as of December 31, 2023, considering the impact of interest rate swaps, is summarized below (dollars in thousands):
| Amount Outstanding |  | Ratio |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Weighted Average Years to Maturity
Fixed rate debt(1) | $ | 2,630,941 |  |  | 94 | % |  | 3.98 | % |  | 3.6
Variable rate debt(2) | 172,000 |  |  | 6 | % |  | 9.15 | % |  | 2.7
Debt discounts, premiums and issuance costs, net | 26,261 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 2,829,202 |  |  | 100 | % |  | 4.30 | % |  | 3.6
(1)Fixed rate debt includes the portion of variable rate debt that has been hedged by interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2023, $820.0 million in variable rate debt is hedged to a fixed rate for a weighted average of 1.7 years. (2)Variable rate debt includes the portion of fixed rate debt that has been hedged by interest rate swaps. As of December 31, 2023, $155.0 million in fixed rate debt is hedged to a floating rate for a weighted average of 1.7 years. Mortgages Payable The following table summarizes the Company’s mortgages payable (dollars in thousands):
| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Balance |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Weighted Average Years to Maturity |  | Balance |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Weighted Average Years to Maturity
Fixed rate mortgages payable(1) | $ | 136,306 |  |  | 5.09 | % |  | 8.1 |  | $ | 205,328 |  |  | 3.98 | % |  | 1.4
Variable rate mortgage payable(2) | 17,000 |  |  | 7.59 | % |  | 2.6 |  | 28,293 |  |  | 5.96 | % |  | 0.6
Total mortgages payable | $ | 153,306 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 233,621 |  |  |  |  |
(1)The fixed rate mortgages had interest rates ranging from 3.75% to 5.73% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. (2)In July 2023, the interest rate on the variable rate mortgage increased to Bloomberg Short Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) plus 215 basis points from BSBY plus 160 basis points in conjunction with the July 2023 amendment of the loan agreement. The one-month BSBY rate was 5.44% and 4.36% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Mortgages payable, which are secured by certain real estate and, in some cases, by guarantees from the Operating Partnership, are generally due in monthly installments of principal and interest and mature over various terms through 2033. During the year ended December 31, 2023, we (i) originated a 10-year $95.1 million mortgage payable at a fixed interest rate of 5.36% secured by the multifamily rental portion of the expansion project at One Loudoun Downtown – Pads G & H, (ii) amended the loan agreement on the variable rate mortgage secured by Delray Marketplace to extend the maturity date to August 4, 2026, with a one-year extension option, and made a $9.9 million paydown of the principal balance using available cash on hand, (iii) repaid mortgages payable totaling $161.5 million that had a weighted average fixed interest rate of 3.85%, and (iv) made scheduled principal payments of $4.0 million related to amortizing loans. Unsecured Notes The following table summarizes the Company’s senior unsecured notes and exchangeable senior notes (dollars in thousands):
|  |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Maturity Date |  | Balance |  | Interest Rate |  | Balance |  | Interest Rate
Senior notes – 4.23% due 2023 | September 10, 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 95,000 |  |  | 4.23 | %
Senior notes – 4.58% due 2024 | June 30, 2024 |  | 149,635 |  |  | 4.58 | % |  | 149,635 |  |  | 4.58 | %
Senior notes – 4.00% due 2025 | March 15, 2025 |  | 350,000 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | 350,000 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Senior notes – SOFR + 3.65% due 2025(1) | September 10, 2025 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 9.27 | % |  | 80,000 |  |  | 8.41 | %
Senior notes – 4.08% due 2026 | September 30, 2026 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 4.08 | % |  | 100,000 |  |  | 4.08 | %
Senior notes – 4.00% due 2026 | October 1, 2026 |  | 300,000 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | 300,000 |  |  | 4.00 | %
Senior exchangeable notes – 0.75% due 2027 | April 1, 2027 |  | 175,000 |  |  | 0.75 | % |  | 175,000 |  |  | 0.75 | %
Senior notes – SOFR + 3.75% due 2027(2) | September 10, 2027 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 9.37 | % |  | 75,000 |  |  | 8.51 | %
Senior notes – 4.24% due 2028 | December 28, 2028 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 4.24 | % |  | 100,000 |  |  | 4.24 | %
Senior notes – 4.82% due 2029 | June 28, 2029 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 4.82 | % |  | 100,000 |  |  | 4.82 | %
Senior notes – 4.75% due 2030 | September 15, 2030 |  | 400,000 |  |  | 4.75 | % |  | 400,000 |  |  | 4.75 | %
Total senior unsecured notes |  |  | $ | 1,829,635 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,924,635 |  |  |
(1)On July 1, 2023, the fallback rate in the derivative agreement went into effect. As of December 31, 2023, $80,000 of 4.47% senior unsecured notes due 2025 has been swapped to a variable rate of three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 3.65% through September 10, 2025. As of December 31, 2022, $80,000 of 4.47% senior unsecured notes due 2025 had been swapped to a variable rate of three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 3.65%. (2)On July 1, 2023, the fallback rate in the derivative agreement went into effect. As of December 31, 2023, $75,000 of 4.57% senior unsecured notes due 2027 has been swapped to a variable rate of three-month SOFR plus 3.75% through September 10, 2025. As of December 31, 2022, $75,000 of 4.57% senior unsecured notes due 2027 had been swapped to a variable rate of three-month LIBOR plus 3.75%. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Company repaid the $95.0 million principal balance of the 4.23% senior unsecured notes due 2023 using available cash on hand. Subsequent to December 31, 2023, the Company completed a public offering of $350.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 5.50% senior unsecured notes due 2034 (“Notes Due 2034”), which we expect will be used to satisfy all 2024 debt maturities. See Note 14 for further details. Private Placement Senior Unsecured Notes In October 2021, in connection with the merger with RPAI, the Operating Partnership entered into a number of assumption agreements pursuant to which the Operating Partnership assumed all of RPAI’s obligations under RPAI’s existing note purchase agreements related to an aggregate of $450.0 million in principal of privately placed senior unsecured notes. In addition, in August 2015, the Operating Partnership entered into a note purchase agreement in connection with the issuance of $250.0 million of senior unsecured notes at a blended rate of 4.41% and an average maturity of 9.8 years (collectively, the “Private Placement Notes”). Each series of Private Placement Notes require semi-annual interest payments each year until maturity. The Operating Partnership may prepay at any time all, or from time to time any part of, any series of the Private Placement Notes in an amount not less than 5% of the aggregate principal amount of such series of the Private Placement Notes then outstanding in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid plus a make-whole amount (as defined in the applicable note purchase agreement). The make-whole amount is equal to the excess, if any, of the discounted value of the remaining scheduled payments with respect to the Private Placement Notes being prepaid over the amount of such Private Placement Notes. Each note purchase agreement contains customary financial maintenance covenants, including a maximum total leverage ratio, secured and unsecured leverage ratios and a minimum interest coverage ratio. Each note purchase agreement also contains restrictive covenants that restrict the ability of the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries to, among other things, enter into transactions with affiliates, merge or consolidate, transfer assets or incur liens. Further, each note purchase agreement contains customary events of default, including in relation to non-payment, breach of covenants, defaults under certain other indebtedness, judgment defaults and bankruptcy events. In the case of an event of default, the holders of the Private Placement Notes may, among other remedies, accelerate the payment of all obligations. Publicly Placed Senior Unsecured Notes In October 2021, in connection with the merger with RPAI, the Operating Partnership (as successor by merger to RPAI) assumed all of RPAI’s outstanding $750.0 million aggregate principal of publicly placed senior unsecured notes. In addition, the Operating Partnership completed a $300.0 million public offering of 4.00% senior unsecured notes in September 2016 (collectively, the “Public Placement Notes”). The Public Placement Notes require semi-annual interest payments each year until maturity. The Public Placement Notes are the direct, senior unsecured obligations of the Operating Partnership and rank equally in right of payment with all of its existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The Operating Partnership may redeem the Public Placement Notes at its option and in its sole discretion, at any time or from time to time, prior to three months prior to the respective maturity date (such date, the “Par Call Date”), at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the applicable Public Placement Notes being redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest and a “make-whole” premium calculated in accordance with the indenture. Redemptions on or after the respective Par Call Date are not subject to the addition of a “make-whole” premium. Exchangeable Senior Notes In March 2021, the Operating Partnership issued $175.0 million aggregate principal amount of 0.75% exchangeable senior notes maturing in April 2027 (the “Exchangeable Notes”). The Exchangeable Notes are governed by an indenture between the Operating Partnership, the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Exchangeable Notes were sold in the U.S. only to accredited investors pursuant to an exemption from the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and subsequently resold to qualified institutional investors pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The net proceeds from the offering of the Exchangeable Notes were approximately $169.7 million after deducting the underwriting fees and other expenses paid by the Company. The Exchangeable Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.75% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears, and will mature on April 1, 2027. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we recognized approximately $1.3 million, $1.3 million, and $1.6 million, respectively, of interest expense for the Exchangeable Notes. Prior to January 1, 2027, the Exchangeable Notes will be exchangeable into cash up to the principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes exchanged and, if applicable, cash or common shares or a combination thereof only upon certain circumstances and during certain periods. On or after January 1, 2027, the Exchangeable Notes will be exchangeable into cash up to the principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes exchanged and, if applicable, cash or common shares or a combination thereof at the option of the holders at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day preceding the maturity date. The exchange rate will initially equal 39.6628 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of Exchangeable Notes (equivalent to an exchange price of approximately $25.21 per common share and an exchange premium of approximately 25% based upon the closing price of $20.17 per common share on March 17, 2021). The exchange rate will be subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The Operating Partnership may redeem the Exchangeable Notes, at its option, in whole or in part, on any business day on or after April 5, 2025, if the last reported sale price of the common shares has been at least 130% of the exchange price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the issuer provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Exchangeable Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In connection with the Exchangeable Notes, the Operating Partnership entered into privately negotiated capped call transactions (the “Capped Call Transactions”) with certain of the initial purchasers of the Exchangeable Notes or their respective affiliates. The Capped Call Transactions initially cover, subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the Exchangeable Notes, the number of common shares underlying the Exchangeable Notes. The Capped Call Transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to holders of common shares upon exchange of the Exchangeable Notes. The cap price of the Capped Call Transactions was initially approximately $30.26, which represents a premium of approximately 50% over the last reported sale price of common shares on March 17, 2021 and is subject to anti-dilution adjustments under the terms of the Capped Call Transactions. We incurred $9.8 million of costs related to the Capped Call Transactions, which are included within “Additional paid-in capital” in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Unsecured Term Loans and Revolving Line of Credit The following table summarizes the Company’s term loans and revolving line of credit (dollars in thousands):
|  |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| Maturity Date |  | Balance |  | Interest Rate |  | Balance |  | Interest Rate
Unsecured term loan due 2024 – fixed rate(1) | July 17, 2024 |  | $ | 120,000 |  |  | 2.68 | % |  | $ | 120,000 |  |  | 2.68 | %
Unsecured term loan due 2025 – fixed rate(2) | October 24, 2025 |  | 250,000 |  |  | 5.09 | % |  | 250,000 |  |  | 5.09 | %
Unsecured term loan due 2026 – fixed rate(3) | July 17, 2026 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 2.73 | % |  | 150,000 |  |  | 2.73 | %
Unsecured term loan due 2029 – fixed rate(4) | July 29, 2029 |  | 300,000 |  |  | 3.82 | % |  | 300,000 |  |  | 4.05 | %
Total unsecured term loans |  |  | $ | 820,000 |  |  |  |  | $ | 820,000 |  |  |
Unsecured credit facility revolving line of credit – variable rate(5) | January 8, 2026 |  | $ | — |  |  | 6.58 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | 5.56 | %
(1)$120,000 of SOFR-based variable rate debt has been swapped to a fixed rate of 1.58% plus a credit spread based on a ratings grid ranging from 0.80% to 1.65% through July 17, 2024. The applicable credit spread was 1.10% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. (2)$250,000 of SOFR-based variable rate debt has been swapped to a fixed rate of 5.09% through October 24, 2025. The maturity date of the term loan may be extended for up to three additional periods of one year each at the Operating Partnership’s option, subject to certain conditions. (3)$150,000 of SOFR-based variable rate debt has been swapped to a fixed rate of 1.68% plus a credit spread based on a ratings grid ranging from 0.75% to 1.60% through July 17, 2026. The applicable credit spread was 1.05% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. (4)As of December 31, 2023, $300,000 of SOFR-based variable rate debt has been swapped to a fixed rate of 2.47% plus a credit spread based on a ratings grid ranging from 1.15% to 2.20% through August 1, 2025. As of December 31, 2022, $300,000 of SOFR-based variable rate debt had been swapped to a fixed rate of 2.70% plus a credit spread based on a ratings grid ranging from 1.15% to 2.20% through November 22, 2023. The applicable credit spread was 1.35% as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. (5)The revolving line of credit has two six-month extension options that the Company can exercise, at its election, subject to (i) customary representations and warranties, including, but not limited to, the absence of an event of default as defined in the unsecured credit agreement and (ii) payment of an extension fee equal to 0.075% of the revolving line of credit capacity. Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility In July 2022, the Operating Partnership, as borrower, and the Company entered into the Second Amendment (the “Second Amendment”) to the Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of July 8, 2021 (as amended, the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of financial institutions to provide for an unsecured revolving credit facility aggregating $1.1 billion (the “Revolving Facility”) and a seven-year $300.0 million unsecured term loan (the “$300M Term Loan”). Under the Second Amendment, the Operating Partnership has the option, subject to certain customary conditions, to increase the Revolving Facility and/or incur additional term loans in an aggregate amount for all such increases and additional loans of up to $600.0 million, for a total facility amount of up to $2.0 billion. The Revolving Facility has a scheduled maturity date of January 8, 2026, which maturity date may be extended for up to two additional periods of six months at the Operating Partnership’s option, subject to certain conditions. Borrowings under the Revolving Facility bear interest at a rate per annum equal to SOFR plus a margin based on the Operating Partnership’s leverage ratio or credit rating, respectively, plus a facility fee based on the Operating Partnership’s leverage ratio or credit rating, respectively. The SOFR rate is also subject to an additional 0.10% spread adjustment as specified in the Second Amendment. The Revolving Facility is currently priced on the leverage-based pricing grid. In accordance with the Credit Agreement, the credit spread set forth in the leverage grid resets quarterly based on the Company’s leverage, as calculated at the previous quarter end. The Company may irrevocably elect to convert to the ratings-based pricing grid at any time. As of December 31, 2023, making such an election would have resulted in a lower interest rate; however, the Company had not made the election to convert to the ratings-based pricing grid. The Credit Agreement includes a sustainability metric based on targeted greenhouse gas emission reductions, which results in a reduction of the otherwise applicable interest rate margin by one basis point upon achievement of targets set forth therein. The following table summarizes the key terms of the Revolving Facility as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Leverage-Based Pricing |  | Investment Grade Pricing |  |
Credit Agreement |  | Maturity Date |  | Extension Option |  | Extension Fee |  | Credit Spread |  | Facility Fee |  | Credit Spread |  | Facility Fee |  | SOFR Adjustment
$1,100,000 unsecured revolving line of credit |  | 1/8/2026 |  | 2 six-month |  | 0.075% |  | 1.05%–1.50% |  | 0.15%–0.30% |  | 0.725%–1.40% |  | 0.125%–0.30% |  | 0.10%
The Operating Partnership’s ability to borrow under the Credit Agreement is subject to ongoing compliance by the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries with various restrictive covenants, including with respect to liens, transactions with affiliates, dividends, mergers and asset sales. In addition, the Credit Agreement requires that the Operating Partnership satisfy certain financial covenants, including (i) a maximum leverage ratio; (ii) a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio; (iii) a maximum secured indebtedness ratio; (iv) a maximum unsecured leverage ratio; and (v) a minimum unencumbered interest coverage ratio. As of December 31, 2023, we were in compliance with all such covenants. The Credit Agreement includes customary representations and warranties, which must continue to be true and correct in all material respects as a condition to future draws under the Revolving Facility. The Credit Agreement also contains customary events of default, the occurrence of which, following any applicable grace period, would permit the lenders to, among other things, declare the principal, accrued interest and other obligations under the Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable. Unsecured Term Loans In July 2022, in conjunction with the Second Amendment, the Operating Partnership obtained a $300M Term Loan that is priced on a ratings-based pricing grid at a rate of SOFR plus a credit spread ranging from 1.15% to 2.20%. The SOFR rate is also subject to an additional 0.10% spread adjustment as specified in the Second Amendment. Proceeds from the $300M Term Loan were used to repay outstanding indebtedness and for general corporate purposes. The Operating Partnership is permitted to prepay the $300M Term Loan in whole or in part, at any time, subject to a prepayment fee if prepaid on or before July 29, 2024. The agreement related to the $300M Term Loan includes a sustainability metric based on targeted greenhouse gas emission reductions, which results in a reduction of the otherwise applicable interest rate margin by one basis point upon achievement of targets set forth therein. In October 2021, in connection with the merger with RPAI, the Operating Partnership (as successor by merger to RPAI) assumed RPAI’s $120.0 million (the “$120M Term Loan”) and $150.0 million (the “$150M Term Loan”) unsecured term loans, which were originally priced on a leverage-based pricing grid with the credit spread set forth in the leverage grid resetting quarterly based on the Company’s leverage, as calculated at the previous quarter end. The Company had the option to irrevocably elect to convert to a ratings-based pricing grid at any time. On August 2, 2022, the Company made the election to convert to the ratings-based pricing grid. The agreement related to the $150M Term Loan includes a sustainability metric based on targeted greenhouse gas emission reductions, which results in a reduction of the otherwise applicable interest rate margin by one basis point upon achievement of targets set forth therein. Under the agreement related to the $120M Term Loan and the $150M Term Loan, the Operating Partnership has the option to increase each of the term loans to $250.0 million upon the Operating Partnership’s request, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders, whether or not currently party to the term loan agreement, to provide such increased amounts. The Operating Partnership is permitted to prepay each of the $120M Term Loan and $150M Term Loan, in whole or in part, at any time without being subject to a prepayment fee. In October 2018, the Operating Partnership entered into a term loan agreement with a group of financial institutions providing for an unsecured term loan facility of up to $250.0 million (the “$250M Term Loan”). The Operating Partnership has the option to increase the $250M Term Loan to $300.0 million, subject to certain conditions, including obtaining commitments from any one or more lenders, whether or not currently party to the term loan agreement, to provide such increased amounts. The Operating Partnership is permitted to prepay the $250M Term Loan in whole or in part, at any time, subject to a prepayment fee if prepaid on or before October 25, 2023. The unsecured term loan agreements contain representations, financial and other affirmative and negative covenants and events of default that are substantially similar to those contained in the Credit Agreement. The unsecured term loan agreements all rank pari passu with the Operating Partnership’s Revolving Facility and other unsecured indebtedness of the Operating Partnership. The following table summarizes the key terms of the unsecured term loans as of December 31, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
Unsecured Term Loans |  | Maturity Date |  | Leverage-Based Pricing Credit Spread |  | Investment Grade Pricing Credit Spread |  | SOFR Adjustment
$120,000 unsecured term loan due 2024 |  | 7/17/2024 |  | 1.20% – 1.70% |  | 0.80% – 1.65% |  | 0.10%
$250,000 unsecured term loan due 2025 |  | 10/24/2025(1) |  | 2.00% – 2.55% |  | 2.00% – 2.50% |  | 0.10%
$150,000 unsecured term loan due 2026 |  | 7/17/2026 |  | 1.20% – 1.70% |  | 0.75% – 1.60% |  | 0.10%
$300,000 unsecured term loan due 2029 |  | 7/29/2029 |  | N/A |  | 1.15% – 2.20% |  | 0.10%
(1)The maturity date may be extended for up to three additional periods of one year each at the Operating Partnership’s option, subject to certain conditions. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs are amortized over the terms of the respective loan agreements. The following amounts of amortization of debt issuance costs are included as a component of “Interest expense” in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (in thousands):
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Amortization of debt issuance costs | $ | 3,609 |  |  | $ | 3,163 |  |  | $ | 2,681 |
Debt Maturities The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities and principal amortization of the Company’s indebtedness as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
| Secured Debt |  |  |  |
| Scheduled Principal Payments |  | Term Maturities |  | Unsecured Debt |  | Total
2024 | $ | 5,121 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 269,635 |  |  | $ | 274,756 |
2025 | 5,248 |  |  | — |  |  | 680,000 |  |  | 685,248 |
2026 | 4,581 |  |  | 10,600 |  |  | 550,000 |  |  | 565,181 |
2027 | 3,120 |  |  | — |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | 253,120 |
2028 | 3,757 |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 103,757 |
Thereafter | 28,091 |  |  | 92,788 |  |  | 800,000 |  |  | 920,879 |
| $ | 49,918 |  |  | $ | 103,388 |  |  | $ | 2,649,635 |  |  | $ | 2,802,941 |
Debt discounts, premiums and issuance costs, net |  |  |  |  |  | 26,261 |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,829,202 |
Other Debt Activity During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, we capitalized interest totaling $3.7 million, $2.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Fair Value of Fixed and Variable Rate Debt As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of fixed rate debt was $1.9 billion compared to the book value of $2.0 billion. The fair value was estimated using Level 2 and 3 inputs with cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates for similar instruments, which ranged from 5.53% to 7.48%. As of December 31, 2023, the estimated fair value of variable rate debt was $841.1 million compared to the book value of $837.0 million. The fair value was estimated using Level 2 and 3 inputs with cash flows discounted at current borrowing rates for similar instruments, which ranged from 6.50% to 7.45%.

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