10-Q 1 rdn10q09302015.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
_____________________________
FORM 10-Q
_____________________________
(Mark One)

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2015
OR

o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-11356
_______________________________
Radian Group Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_______________________________

Delaware |  | 23-2691170
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1601 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA |  | 19103
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(215) 231-1000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
_____________________________________________
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x |  | Accelerated filer o |  | Non-accelerated filer o |  | Smaller reporting company o
|  |  |  | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |  |

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 206,871,768 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding on November 3, 2015.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page Number
Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms | 3
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements—Safe Harbor Provisions | 7
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 10
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 10
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations | 11
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 12
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholders’ Equity | 13
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 14
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 15
| Note 1 - Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—Significant Accounting Policies and Business Overview | 15
| Note 2 - Discontinued Operations | 19
| Note 3 - Segment Reporting | 21
| Note 4 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 25
| Note 5 - Investments | 28
| Note 6 - Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net | 31
| Note 7 - Reinsurance | 33
| Note 8 - Other Assets | 34
| Note 9 - Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense | 34
| Note 10 - Long-Term Debt | 37
| Note 11 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | 40
| Note 12 - Income Taxes | 41
| Note 13 - Statutory Information | 42
| Note 14 - Selected Financial Information of Registrant—Radian Group—Parent Company Only | 43
| Note 15 - Commitments and Contingencies | 44
| Note 16 - Capital Stock | 46
| Note 17 - Net Income Per Share | 46
| Note 18 - Subsequent Event | 48
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 49
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 81
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 82
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 83
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 85
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 87
Item 6. | Exhibits | 87
SIGNATURES | 88
EXHIBIT INDEX | 89

2

GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
The list which follows includes the definitions of various abbreviations and acronyms used throughout this report, including the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Term | Definition
2014 Form 10-K | Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014
2014 Master Policy | Radian Guaranty’s Master Policy that became effective October 1, 2014
ABS | Asset-backed securities
Alt-A | Alternative-A loan where the documentation is generally limited as compared to fully documented loans (considered a non-prime loan grade)
AOCI | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Appeals | Internal Revenue Service Office of Appeals
ASR | Accelerated share repurchase
Assured | Assured Guaranty Corp., a subsidiary of Assured Guaranty Ltd.
Available Assets | As defined in the PMIERs, these assets primarily include the liquid assets of a mortgage insurer and its affiliated reinsurers, and exclude unearned premium reserves
BofA Settlement Agreement | The Confidential Settlement Agreement and Release dated September 16, 2014, by and among Radian Guaranty and Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as a successor to BofA Home Loan Servicing f/k/a Countrywide Home Loan Servicing LP, in order to resolve various actual and potential claims or disputes as to mortgage insurance coverage on certain Subject Loans
Claim Curtailment | Our legal right, under certain conditions, to reduce the amount of a claim, including due to servicer negligence
Claim Denial | Our legal right, under certain conditions, to deny a claim
Claim Severity | The total claim amount paid divided by the original coverage amount
Clayton | Clayton Holdings LLC, a Delaware domiciled indirect non-insurance subsidiary of Radian Group
CMBS | Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 | Our 3.000% convertible unsecured senior notes due November 2017 ($450 million original principal amount)
Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 | Our 2.250% convertible unsecured senior notes due March 2019 ($400 million original principal amount)
Cures | Loans that were in default as of the beginning of a period and are no longer in default because payments were received and the loan is no longer past due
Default to Claim Rate | Rate at which defaulted loans result in a claim
Deficiency Amount | The assessed tax liabilities, penalties and interest associated with a formal notice of deficiency letter from the IRS
DTAs | Deferred tax assets
DTLs | Deferred tax liabilities
Exchange Act | Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Fannie Mae | Federal National Mortgage Association
FHA | Federal Housing Administration
FHFA | Federal Housing Finance Agency
FICO | Fair Isaac Corporation
First-liens | First-lien mortgage loans
Flow Business | With respect to mortgage insurance, transactions in which mortgage insurance is provided on mortgages on an individual loan basis as they are originated. Flow Business contrasts with Structured Transactions, in which mortgage insurance is provided on a group of mortgages after they have been originated

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Term | Definition
Foreclosure Stage Default | The Stage of Default indicating that the foreclosure sale has been scheduled or held
Freddie Mac | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Freddie Mac Agreement | The Master Transaction Agreement between Radian Guaranty and Freddie Mac entered into in August 2013
GAAP | Accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America
Green River Capital | Green River Capital LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Clayton
GSEs | Government-Sponsored Enterprises (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac)
HPA | Homeowners Protection Act
IBNR | Losses incurred but not reported
IIF | Insurance in force
Implementation Date | The February 1, 2015 commencement date for activities pursuant to the BofA Settlement Agreement
Initial QSR Transaction | Initial quota share reinsurance agreement entered into with a third-party reinsurance provider in the second quarter of 2012
Insureds | Insured parties, with respect to the BofA Settlement Agreement, Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A., as a successor to BofA Home Loan Servicing f/k/a Countrywide Home Loans Servicing LP
IRS | Internal Revenue Service
LAE | Loss adjustment expense, which includes the cost of investigating and adjusting losses and paying claims
Legacy Portfolio | Mortgage insurance written during the poor underwriting years of 2005 through 2008, together with business written prior to 2005
Loss Mitigation Activity/Activities | Activities such as Rescissions, Claim Denials, Claim Curtailments and cancellations
LTV | Loan-to-value ratio which is calculated as the percentage of the original loan amount to the original value of the property
Master Policies | The Prior Master Policy and the 2014 Master Policy, collectively
Minimum Required Assets | A risk-based minimum required asset amount, as defined in the PMIERs, calculated based on net RIF and a variety of measures designed to evaluate credit quality
Model Act | Mortgage Guaranty Insurers Model Act
Monthly Premium Policy/Policies | Insurance policies where premiums are paid on a monthly installment basis
Moody’s | Moody’s Investors Service
Mortgage Insurance | Radian’s Mortgage Insurance business segment, which provides credit-related insurance coverage, principally through private mortgage insurance, to mortgage lending institutions
MPP Requirement | Certain states’ statutory or regulatory risk-based capital requirement that the mortgage insurer must maintain a minimum policyholder position, which is calculated based on both risk and surplus levels
NAIC | National Association of Insurance Commissioners
NIW | New insurance written
NOL | Net operating loss, calculated on a tax basis
Notices of Deficiency | Formal letters from the IRS informing the taxpayer of an IRS determination of tax deficiency and appeal rights
OCI | Other comprehensive income (loss)
PDR | Premium deficiency reserve
Persistency Rate | The percentage of insurance in force that remains on our books over a period of time

4

Term | Definition
PMIERs | Private Mortgage Insurer Eligibility Requirements that were issued by the FHFA in proposed form for public comment on July 10, 2014 and issued in final form on April 17, 2015, as updated on June 30, 2015
PMIERs Financial Requirements | Financial requirements of the PMIERs
Prior Master Policy | Radian Guaranty’s master insurance policy in effect prior to the effective date of its 2014 Master Policy
QSR | Quota share reinsurance
QSR Transactions | The Initial QSR Transaction and Second QSR Transaction, collectively
Radian | Radian Group Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries
Radian Asset Assurance | Radian Asset Assurance Inc., a New York domiciled insurance subsidiary of Radian Guaranty
Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement | The Stock Purchase Agreement dated December 22, 2014, between Radian Guaranty and Assured, to sell 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Radian Asset Assurance, Radian’s financial guaranty insurance subsidiary, to Assured
Radian Group | Radian Group Inc., the registrant
Radian Guaranty | Radian Guaranty Inc., a Pennsylvania domiciled insurance subsidiary of Radian Group
RBC States | Risk-based capital states, which are those states that currently impose a statutory or regulatory risk-based capital requirement
Red Bell | Red Bell Real Estate, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Clayton
Reinstatements | Reversals of previous rescissions, claim denials and claim curtailments
REMIC | Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduit
REO | Real estate owned
Rescission | Our legal right, under certain conditions, to unilaterally rescind coverage on our mortgage insurance policies if we determine that a loan did not qualify for insurance
RESPA | Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act of 1974
RGRI | Radian Guaranty Reinsurance Inc., a Pennsylvania domiciled insurance subsidiary of Enhance Financial Services Group Inc., a New York domiciled non-insurance subsidiary of Radian Group
RIF | Risk in force is equal to the underlying loan unpaid principal balance multiplied by the insurance coverage percentage
Risk-to-capital | Under certain state regulations, a minimum ratio of statutory capital calculated relative to the level of net risk in force
RMBS | Residential mortgage-backed securities
S&P | Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC
SAP | Statutory accounting practices include those required or permitted, if applicable, by the insurance departments of the respective states of domicile of our insurance subsidiaries
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Second QSR Transaction | Second Quota share reinsurance transaction entered into with a third-party reinsurance provider in the fourth quarter of 2012
Second-liens | Second-lien mortgage loans
Senior Notes due 2017 | Our 9.000% unsecured senior notes due June 2017 ($195.5 million principal amount)
Senior Notes due 2019 | Our 5.500% unsecured senior notes due June 2019 ($300 million principal amount)
Senior Notes due 2020 | Our 5.250% unsecured senior notes due June 2020 ($350 million principal amount)
Services | Radian’s Mortgage and Real Estate Services business segment, which provides mortgage- and real estate-related products and services to the mortgage finance market
Servicing Only Loans | With respect to the BofA Settlement Agreement, loans other than Legacy Loans that were or are serviced by the Insureds and were 90 days or more past due as of July 31, 2014, or if servicing has been transferred to a servicer other than the Insureds, 90 days or more past due as of the transfer date

5

Term | Definition
Single Premium Policy/Policies | Insurance policies where premiums are paid as a single payment at origination
Stage of Default | The stage a loan is in relative to the foreclosure process, based on whether or not a foreclosure sale has been scheduled or held
Statutory RBC Requirement | Risk-based capital requirement imposed by the RBC States, requiring a minimum surplus level and, in certain states, a minimum ratio of statutory capital relative to the level of risk
Structured Transactions | With respect to mortgage insurance, transactions in which mortgage insurance is provided on a group of mortgages after they have been originated. Structured Transactions contrast with Flow Business, in which mortgage insurance is provided on mortgages on an individual loan basis as they are originated
Subject Loans | Loans covered under the BofA Settlement Agreement, comprising Legacy Loans and Servicing Only Loans
The White Case | A putative class action under RESPA titled White v. PNC Financial Services Group filed in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
The Menichino Case | A putative class action under RESPA titled Menichino, et al. v. Citibank, N.A., et al. filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
The Manners Case | A putative class action under RESPA titled Manners, et al. v. Fifth Third Bank, et al. filed in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
Time in Default | The time period from the point a loan reaches default status (based on the month the default occurred) to the current reporting date
U.S. | The United States of America
U.S. Treasury | United States Department of the Treasury
VIE | Variable interest entity is a legal entity subject to the variable interest entity subsections of the accounting standard regarding consolidation, and generally includes a corporation, trust or partnership in which, by design, equity investors do not have a controlling financial interest or do not have sufficient equity at risk to finance activities without additional subordinated financial support
Wisconsin OCI | Office of the Commissioner of Insurance of the State of Wisconsin

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements—Safe Harbor Provisions
All statements in this report that address events, developments or results that we expect or anticipate may occur in the future are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In most cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “seek,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely” or the negative or other variations on these words and other similar expressions. These statements, which may include, without limitation, projections regarding our future performance and financial condition, are made on the basis of management’s current views and assumptions with respect to future events. Any forward-looking statement is not a guarantee of future performance and actual results could differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statement. These statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We operate in a changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks that may affect us. The forward-looking statements, as well as our prospects as a whole, are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements including:

• | changes in general economic and political conditions, including unemployment rates, changes in the U.S. housing and mortgage credit markets, declines in home prices and property values, the performance of the U.S. or global economies, the amount of liquidity in the capital or credit markets, changes or volatility in interest rates or consumer confidence and changes in credit spreads, all of which may be impacted by, among other things, legislative activity or inactivity, actual or threatened downgrades of U.S. government credit ratings, or actual or threatened defaults on U.S. government obligations;

• | changes in the way customers, investors, regulators or legislators perceive the strength of private mortgage insurers;

• | catastrophic events, increased unemployment, home price depreciation or other negative economic changes in geographic regions where our mortgage insurance exposure is more concentrated;

• | Radian Guaranty’s ability to remain eligible under applicable requirements imposed by the FHFA and the GSEs to insure loans purchased by the GSEs;

• | our ability to maintain sufficient holding company liquidity to meet our short- and long-term liquidity needs. We expect to utilize a portion of our holding company liquidity to support Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements, which become effective for existing mortgage insurers on December 31, 2015. Our projections regarding the amount that Radian Guaranty would require to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements are based on our estimates of Radian Guaranty’s Minimum Required Assets and Available Assets, which may not prove to be accurate, and which could be impacted: (1) by our ability to receive, as expected, approval from the GSEs for the amendments to our existing reinsurance arrangements and receive the PMIERs benefit for these arrangements; (2) by the product mix of our NIW and factors affecting the performance of our mortgage insurance business, including our level of defaults, prepayments, the losses we incur on new or existing defaults and the credit characteristics of our mortgage insurance; (3) by whether we elect to leverage the use of external reinsurance, which would reduce Radian Guaranty’s Minimum Required Assets; and (4) by the level of capital we expect to maintain at our mortgage insurance subsidiaries in excess of the amount required to satisfy the PMIERs Financial Requirements. We are actively considering alternatives to optimize the use of our holding company liquidity to support Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. These alternatives could take the form of direct contributions of cash and securities or the potential use of surplus notes. Contributions of holding company cash and investments from Radian Group will leave less liquidity to satisfy Radian Group’s future obligations. Depending on the amount of holding company liquidity that we use, we may be required or may decide to seek additional capital by incurring additional debt, by issuing additional equity, or by selling assets, which we may not be able to do on favorable terms, if at all;

• | our ability to maintain an adequate level of capital in our insurance subsidiaries to satisfy existing and future state regulatory requirements, including new capital adequacy standards that currently are being developed by the NAIC and that could be adopted by states in which we write business;

7

• | changes in the charters or business practices of, or rules or regulations imposed by or applicable to the GSEs, including: (1) the implementation of the final PMIERs (including as updated on June 30, 2015 to increase the amount of Available Assets that must be held against risk in force associated with loans originated on or after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA), which (a) will increase the amount of capital that Radian Guaranty is required to hold, and therefore, reduce our current returns on subsidiary capital, (b) potentially impact the type and volume of business that Radian Guaranty and other private mortgage insurers are willing to write, (c) impose extensive and more stringent operational requirements in areas such as claim processing, loss mitigation, document retention, underwriting, quality control, reporting and monitoring, among others, that may result in additional costs to achieve and maintain compliance, and (d) require the consent of the GSEs for Radian Guaranty to take certain actions such as paying dividends, entering into various inter-company agreements, and commuting or reinsuring risk, among others; (2) other changes that could limit the type and volume of business that Radian Guaranty and other private mortgage insurers are willing to write; (3) changes that could increase the cost of private mortgage insurance, including as compared to the FHA’s pricing, or result in the emergence of other forms of credit enhancement; and (4) changes that could require us to alter our business practices and which may result in substantial additional costs;

• | our ability to continue to effectively mitigate our mortgage insurance losses, including a decrease in net Rescissions, Claim Denials or Claim Curtailments resulting from an increase in the number of successful challenges to previous Rescissions, Claim Denials or Claim Curtailments (including as part of one or more settlements of disputed Rescissions or Claim Denials), or as a result of the GSEs intervening in or otherwise limiting our loss mitigation practices, including settlements of disputes regarding Loss Mitigation Activities;

• | the negative impact that our Loss Mitigation Activities may have on our relationships with our customers and potential customers, including the potential loss of current or future business and the heightened risk of disputes and litigation;

• | any disruption in the servicing of mortgages covered by our insurance policies, as well as poor servicer performance;

• | a substantial decrease in the Persistency Rates of our mortgage insurance policies, which has the effect of reducing our premium income on our mortgage insurance products paid on a monthly installment basis and could decrease the profitability of our mortgage insurance business;

• | heightened competition for our mortgage insurance business from others such as the FHA, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs and other private mortgage insurers (including with respect to other private mortgage insurers, those that have been assigned higher ratings than we have, that may have access to greater amounts of capital than we do, or that are new entrants to the industry, and therefore, are not burdened by legacy obligations and may be more willing to aggressively price their mortgage insurance offerings to gain market share from more established mortgage insurers) and the impact such heightened competition may have on our returns and our NIW;

• | the increased demand from lenders for customized (reduced) rates on mortgage insurance products, which could further reduce our overall average premium rates and returns and, to the extent we decide to limit certain types of business, could adversely impact our NIW and market share;

• | changes to the current system of housing finance, including the possibility of a new system in which private mortgage insurers are not required or their products are significantly limited in effect or scope;

• | the effect of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act on the financial services industry in general, and on our businesses in particular;

• | the adoption of new laws and regulations, or changes in existing laws and regulations, or the way they are interpreted or applied, including, without limitation: (1) the resolution of existing, or the possibility of additional, lawsuits, inquiries or investigations (including an inquiry from the Wisconsin OCI to all private mortgage insurers pertaining to customized insurance rates and terms offered to mortgage insurance customers); (2) changes to the Model Act being considered by the NAIC that could include more stringent requirements for Radian Guaranty in states that adopt the new Model Act in the future; and (3) other legislative and regulatory changes (a) impacting the demand for our products, (b) limiting or restricting the products we may offer or increasing the amount of capital we are required to hold, (c) affecting the form in which we execute credit protection, or (d) otherwise impacting our existing businesses or future prospects;

• | the amount and timing of potential payments or adjustments associated with federal or other tax examinations, including deficiencies assessed by the IRS resulting from the examination of our 2000 through 2007 tax years, which we are currently contesting;

• | the possibility that we may fail to estimate accurately the likelihood, magnitude and timing of losses in connection with establishing loss reserves for our mortgage insurance business;

8

• | volatility in our results of operations caused by changes in the fair value of our assets and liabilities, including a significant portion of our investment portfolio;

• | changes in GAAP or SAP rules and guidance, or their interpretation;

• | legal and other limitations on amounts we may receive from our subsidiaries as dividends or through our tax- and expense-sharing arrangements with our subsidiaries; and

• | the possibility that we may need to impair the estimated fair value of goodwill established in connection with our acquisition of Clayton, the valuation of which requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions with respect to the estimated future economic benefits arising from certain assets acquired in the transaction such as the value of expected future cash flows of Clayton, Clayton’s workforce, expected synergies with our other affiliates and other unidentifiable intangible assets.

For more information regarding these risks and uncertainties as well as certain additional risks that we face, you should refer to the Risk Factors detailed in Item 1A of our 2014 Form 10-K, and in our subsequent quarterly and other reports, including Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed from time to time with the SEC. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are current only as of the date on which we issued this report. We do not intend to, and we disclaim any duty or obligation to, update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or for any other reason.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Radian Group Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
($ in thousands, except share amounts) |  |  |
ASSETS |  |  |
Investments (Note 5) |  |  |
Fixed-maturities available for sale—at fair value (amortized cost $1,507,522 and $528,660) | $ | 1,496,328 |  |  | $ | 536,890 |
Equity securities available for sale—at fair value (cost $573 and $76,900) | 985 |  |  | 143,368 |
Trading securities—at fair value | 1,414,757 |  |  | 1,633,584 |
Short-term investments—at fair value | 1,460,918 |  |  | 1,300,872 |
Other invested assets | 3,783 |  |  | 14,585 |
Total investments | 4,376,771 |  |  | 3,629,299 |
Cash | 69,030 |  |  | 30,465 |
Restricted cash | 10,280 |  |  | 14,031 |
Accounts and notes receivable | 65,951 |  |  | 85,792 |
Deferred income taxes, net (Note 12) | 601,893 |  |  | 700,201 |
Goodwill and other intangible assets, net (Note 6) | 287,334 |  |  | 288,240 |
Other assets (Note 8) | 349,657 |  |  | 357,864 |
Assets held for sale (Note 2) | — |  |  | 1,736,444 |
Total assets | $ | 5,760,916 |  |  | $ | 6,842,336 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Unearned premiums | $ | 676,938 |  |  | $ | 644,504 |
Reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense (“LAE”) (Note 9) | 1,098,570 |  |  | 1,560,032 |
Long-term debt (Note 10) | 1,230,246 |  |  | 1,192,299 |
Other liabilities | 311,855 |  |  | 326,743 |
Liabilities held for sale (Note 2) | — |  |  | 947,008 |
Total liabilities | 3,317,609 |  |  | 4,670,586 |
Commitments and Contingencies (Note 15) |  |  |
Equity component of currently redeemable convertible senior notes (Note 10) | 7,737 |  |  | 74,690 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |
Common stock: par value $.001 per share; 485,000,000 shares authorized at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively; 224,430,472 and 208,601,020 shares issued at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively; 206,869,775 and 191,053,530 shares outstanding at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively | 224 |  |  | 209 |
Treasury stock, at cost: 17,560,697 and 17,547,490 shares at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively | (893,176 | ) |  | (892,961 | )
Additional paid-in capital | 2,718,210 |  |  | 2,531,513 |
Retained earnings | 617,731 |  |  | 406,814 |
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (“AOCI”) (Note 11) | (7,419 | ) |  | 51,485 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,435,570 |  |  | 2,097,060 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | $ | 5,760,916 |  |  | $ | 6,842,336 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
10

Radian Group Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share amounts) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net premiums earned—insurance | $ | 227,433 |  |  | $ | 217,827 |  |  | $ | 689,465 |  |  | $ | 620,235 |
Services revenue | 42,189 |  |  | 42,243 |  |  | 116,322 |  |  | 42,243 |
Net investment income | 22,091 |  |  | 17,143 |  |  | 58,704 |  |  | 49,124 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments | 3,868 |  |  | (6,294 | ) |  | 49,095 |  |  | 62,006 |
Other income | 1,711 |  |  | 1,162 |  |  | 4,785 |  |  | 4,027 |
Total revenues | 297,292 |  |  | 272,081 |  |  | 918,371 |  |  | 777,635 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses | 64,192 |  |  | 48,942 |  |  | 141,780 |  |  | 163,216 |
Policy acquisition costs | 2,880 |  |  | 4,240 |  |  | 17,593 |  |  | 18,003 |
Direct cost of services | 24,949 |  |  | 23,896 |  |  | 67,722 |  |  | 23,896 |
Other operating expenses | 65,082 |  |  | 51,225 |  |  | 186,587 |  |  | 166,483 |
Interest expense | 21,220 |  |  | 23,989 |  |  | 70,106 |  |  | 66,264 |
Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment (Note 10) | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 91,887 |  |  | — |
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets | 3,273 |  |  | 3,294 |  |  | 9,577 |  |  | 3,294 |
Total expenses | 181,607 |  |  | 155,586 |  |  | 585,252 |  |  | 441,156 |
Pretax income from continuing operations | 115,685 |  |  | 116,495 |  |  | 333,119 |  |  | 336,479 |
Income tax provision (benefit) | 45,594 |  |  | (15,536 | ) |  | 126,108 |  |  | (45,069 | )
Net income from continuing operations | 70,091 |  |  | 132,031 |  |  | 207,011 |  |  | 381,548 |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — |  |  | 21,559 |  |  | 5,385 |  |  | 149,634 |
Net income | $ | 70,091 |  |  | $ | 153,590 |  |  | $ | 212,396 |  |  | $ | 531,182 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.09 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 0.82 |
Net income | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 2.91 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 1.73 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.64 |
Net income | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | 2.37 |
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding—basic | 207,938 |  |  | 191,050 |  |  | 197,562 |  |  | 182,357 |
Weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding—diluted | 250,795 |  |  | 238,067 |  |  | 246,993 |  |  | 230,662 |
Dividends per share | $ | 0.0025 |  |  | $ | 0.0025 |  |  | $ | 0.0075 |  |  | $ | 0.0075 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
11

Radian Group Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net income | $ | 70,091 |  |  | $ | 153,590 |  |  | $ | 212,396 |  |  | $ | 531,182 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 11): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (120 | ) |  | (186 | ) |  | (88 | ) |  | (186 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | 4,012 |  |  | (798 | ) |  | (11,154 | ) |  | 10,504 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net (losses) gains included in net income | (223 | ) |  | (418 | ) |  | 44,408 |  |  | (807 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 4,235 |  |  | (380 | ) |  | (55,562 | ) |  | 11,311 |
Activity related to investments recorded as assets held for sale | — |  |  | (1,437 | ) |  | (3,254 | ) |  | 506 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 4,115 |  |  | (2,003 | ) |  | (58,904 | ) |  | 11,631 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 74,206 |  |  | $ | 151,587 |  |  | $ | 153,492 |  |  | $ | 542,813 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
12

Radian Group Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(In thousands) | Common Stock | Treasury Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained (Deficit) Earnings | AOCI | Total
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2014 | $ | 191 |  | $ | (892,807 | ) | $ | 2,347,104 |  | $ | (552,226 | ) | $ | 37,383 |  | $ | 939,645 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 531,182 |  | — |  | 531,182 |
Net foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (186 | ) | (186 | )
Net unrealized gain on investments, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 11,817 |  | 11,817 |
Repurchases of common stock under incentive plans | — |  | (154 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (154 | )
Issuance of common stock - stock offering | 18 |  | — |  | 247,170 |  | — |  | — |  | 247,188 |
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans | — |  | — |  | 922 |  | — |  | — |  | 922 |
Issuance of common stock under incentive plans | — |  | — |  | 175 |  | — |  | — |  | 175 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net | — |  | — |  | 5,200 |  | — |  | — |  | 5,200 |
Dividends declared | — |  | — |  | (1,388 | ) | — |  | — |  | (1,388 | )
BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2014 | $ | 209 |  | $ | (892,961 | ) | $ | 2,599,183 |  | $ | (21,044 | ) | $ | 49,014 |  | $ | 1,734,401 |
BALANCE, JANUARY 1, 2015 | $ | 209 |  | $ | (892,961 | ) | $ | 2,531,513 |  | $ | 406,814 |  | $ | 51,485 |  | $ | 2,097,060 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 212,396 |  | — |  | 212,396 |
Net foreign currency translation adjustment, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (88 | ) | (88 | )
Net unrealized loss on investments, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (58,816 | ) | (58,816 | )
Repurchases of common stock under incentive plans | — |  | (215 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (215 | )
Issuance of common stock under benefit plans | — |  | — |  | 1,110 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,110 |
Issuance of common stock under incentive plans | 1 |  | — |  | 1,284 |  | — |  | — |  | 1,285 |
Stock-based compensation expense, net | — |  | — |  | 13,214 |  | — |  | — |  | 13,214 |
Impact of extinguishment of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 (Note 10) | 28 |  | — |  | 349,191 |  | — |  | — |  | 349,219 |
Shares repurchased under ASR (Note 16) | (11 | ) | — |  | (201,989 | ) | — |  | — |  | (202,000 | )
Termination of capped calls (Note 10) | (3 | ) | — |  | 11,976 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,973 |
Change in equity component of currently redeemable convertible senior notes | — |  | — |  | 11,911 |  | — |  | — |  | 11,911 |
Dividends declared | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,479 | ) | — |  | (1,479 | )
BALANCE, SEPTEMBER 30, 2015 | $ | 224 |  | $ | (893,176 | ) | $ | 2,718,210 |  | $ | 617,731 |  | $ | (7,419 | ) | $ | 2,435,570 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
13

Radian Group Inc.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(In thousands) | Nine Months Ended September 30,
2015 |  | 2014
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net cash used in operating activities, continuing operations | $ | (5,993 | ) |  | $ | (192,271 | )
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinued operations | (1,759 | ) |  | (29,891 | )
Net cash used in operating activities | (7,752 | ) |  | (222,162 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of fixed-maturity investments available for sale | 96,684 |  |  | 17,114 |
Proceeds from sales of equity securities available for sale | 145,550 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales and redemptions of trading securities | 183,557 |  |  | 548,074 |
Proceeds from redemptions of fixed-maturity investments available for sale | 64,747 |  |  | 3,794 |
Proceeds from redemptions of fixed-maturity investments held to maturity | — |  |  | 300 |
Purchases of fixed-maturity investments available for sale | (1,087,461 | ) |  | (238,203 | )
Purchases of equity securities available for sale | (500 | ) |  | — |
Purchases and redemptions of short-term investments, net | (160,874 | ) |  | (444,070 | )
Sales and redemptions of other assets, net | 13,596 |  |  | 7,690 |
Proceeds from the sale of investment in affiliate, net of cash transferred | 784,866 |  |  | — |
Purchases of property and equipment, net | (19,264 | ) |  | (12,023 | )
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired | (6,449 | ) |  | (295,977 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, continuing operations | 14,452 |  |  | (413,301 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities, discontinued operations | 4,999 |  |  | 161,070 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | 19,451 |  |  | (252,231 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |
Dividends paid | (1,479 | ) |  | (1,388 | )
Issuance of long-term debt, net | 343,479 |  |  | 293,809 |
Purchases and redemptions of long-term debt | (128,486 | ) |  | (57,223 | )
Proceeds from termination of capped calls | 11,973 |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock | — |  |  | 247,188 |
Purchase of shares under ASR | (202,000 | ) |  | — |
Excess tax benefits from stock-based awards | 3,000 |  |  | 106 |
Net cash provided by financing activities, continuing operations | 26,487 |  |  | 482,492 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities, discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 26,487 |  |  | 482,492 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (42 | ) |  | (49 | )
Increase in cash | 38,144 |  |  | 8,050 |
Cash, beginning of period | 30,465 |  |  | 22,880 |
Less: Change in cash of business held for sale | (421 | ) |  | 439 |
Cash, end of period | $ | 69,030 |  |  | $ | 30,491 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes paid | $ | 3,590 |  |  | $ | 6,738 |
Interest paid | $ | 34,059 |  |  | $ | 26,058 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
14

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements—Significant Accounting Policies and Business Overview
Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
Our condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Radian Group Inc. and its subsidiaries. We refer to Radian Group Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries as “Radian,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” unless the context requires otherwise. We generally refer to Radian Group Inc. alone, without its consolidated subsidiaries, as “Radian Group.” Unless otherwise defined in this report, certain terms and acronyms used throughout this report are defined in the Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms included as part of this report.
Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of all wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions, and intercompany profits and losses, have been eliminated. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the instructions set forth in Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC.
The financial information presented for interim periods is unaudited; however, such information reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The year-end condensed balance sheet data was derived from our audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2014 Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any other period. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation, including the adoption of an update to the accounting standard for the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements, as further described below in Recent Accounting Pronouncements.
In the first quarter of 2015, certain cash flows were incorrectly classified in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The Company has determined that these misclassifications are not material to the financial statements of any period. These amounts (shown below in thousands) will be corrected in the comparative Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2015 that will appear in the Company’s first quarter 2016 Form 10-Q filing. For the three months ended March 31, 2015, the adjustments to the affected categories within the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consist of the following: (i) net cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations, reported as $80 will be adjusted to $666; (ii) net cash used in operating activities, discontinued operations, reported as $12,168 will be adjusted to $1,759; (iii) net cash provided by investing activities, discontinued operations, reported as $9,514 will be adjusted to $4,999; (iv) net increase in cash reported as $23,499 will be adjusted to $29,979; and (v) change in cash of business held for sale represented as a decrease of $3,240 will be represented as an increase of $3,240. Cash flow activities for the six months ended June 30, 2015 were correctly presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2015.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. While the amounts included in our condensed consolidated financial statements include our best estimates and assumptions, actual results may vary materially.
Other Significant Accounting Policies
During the second quarter of 2015, Radian Group completed a series of transactions to strengthen its capital position, including to reduce its overall cost of capital and to improve the maturity profile of its debt. See 2015 Developments—Debt and Equity Transactions in this Note 1 for more information.
15

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
June 2015 Purchases of Convertible Debt Prior to Maturity. We accounted for the June 2015 purchases of a portion of our outstanding convertible debt in exchange for cash and shares of Radian Group common stock as an induced conversion of convertible debt in accordance with the accounting standard regarding derecognition of debt with conversion and other options, and the accounting standard regarding debt modifications and extinguishments. The accounting standards require the recognition through earnings of an inducement charge equal to the fair value of the consideration delivered in excess of the consideration issuable under the original conversion terms. The remaining consideration delivered and transaction costs incurred are required to be allocated between the extinguishment of the liability component and the reacquisition of the equity component. Therefore, we recognized as a loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment the sum of: (i) the inducement charge; (ii) the difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the liability component of the purchased debt; (iii) transaction costs allocated to the debt component; and (iv) unamortized debt issuance costs related to the purchased debt.
Accelerated Share Repurchase. Our ASR program consisted of the combination of the purchase of Radian Group common stock from an investment bank and a forward contract with that investment bank indexed to Radian Group common stock. We accounted for the ASR program in accordance with the provisions of the accounting standards regarding derivatives and hedging for contracts indexed to an entity’s own stock, and the accounting standard regarding equity. The up-front payment to the investment bank as part of the ASR program was accounted for as a reduction to stockholders’ equity in our consolidated balance sheets in the second quarter of 2015, the period in which the payment was made. The shares of Radian Group common stock received were retired, resulting in a decrease in shares issued and outstanding and a corresponding increase in unissued shares in the periods delivered. We reflect the ASR program as a repurchase of common stock in the periods delivered for purposes of calculating earnings per share and as forward contracts indexed to the company’s own common stock. The ASR program met all of the applicable criteria for equity classification, and therefore, was not accounted for as a derivative instrument.
See Note 2 in our 2014 Form 10-K for information regarding other significant accounting policies.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In May 2014, the FASB issued an update to the accounting standard regarding revenue recognition. This update is intended to provide a consistent approach in recognizing revenue. In accordance with the new standard, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services, in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the new standard requires that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. While this update is not expected to change revenue recognition principles related to our insurance products, this update may be applicable to revenues from our Services segment, which has been included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations beginning with the third quarter of 2014. In July 2015, the FASB delayed the effective date for this updated standard to interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. We are currently evaluating the impact to our financial statements and future disclosures as a result of this update, if any.
In April 2015, the FASB issued an update to the accounting standard for the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. The new standard requires an entity to present debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of the related debt liability, consistent with debt discounts, rather than as a separate asset as currently required. The recognition and measurement guidance for debt issuance costs are not affected by the update. The provisions of this update are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and must be applied on a retrospective basis for all periods presented. We early adopted this update effective June 30, 2015, as permitted for financial statements that have not been previously issued. The implementation of this update resulted in a reclassification of approximately $17.6 million of remaining debt issuance costs on our December 31, 2014 consolidated balance sheet, from other assets, to be presented as a reduction of the related debt liability. This update has also been applied retrospectively to prior periods presented. See Note 10 for additional information on the impact of the reclassification.
In April 2015, the FASB issued an update to the accounting standard for the accounting of internal-use software. The amendments in this update provide guidance to customers about whether a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license. If a cloud computing arrangement includes a software license, then the customer should account for the software license element of the arrangement consistent with the acquisition of other software licenses. If a cloud computing arrangement does not include a software license, the customer should account for the arrangement as a service contract. The provisions of this update are effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and early adoption is permitted. Management is currently evaluating the potential impact to our financial statements, if any.
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Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
In May 2015, the FASB issued an update to the accounting standard for the accounting of short-duration insurance contracts by insurance entities. The amendments in this update require insurance entities to disclose certain information about the liability for unpaid claims and claim adjustment expenses. The additional information required is focused on improvements in disclosures regarding insurance liabilities, including the timing, nature and uncertainty of future cash flows related to insurance liabilities and the effect of those cash flows on the statement of comprehensive income. The disclosures required by this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016; early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact to our financial statements and future disclosures as a result of this update.
In September 2015, the FASB issued an update to the accounting standard for the accounting of business combinations to simplify the accounting for measurement period adjustments. The update requires adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period to be recognized by the acquirer in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. In that same reporting period, the acquirer must record in its financial statements the effect on earnings of changes in depreciation, amortization, or other income effects, if any, as a result of the change to the provisional amounts, calculated as if the accounting had been completed at the acquisition date. Prior to the update to the accounting standard, adjustments to provisional amounts were required to be made retrospectively, with a corresponding adjustment to goodwill. The changes required by this update must be applied prospectively to provisional amount adjustments that are recorded in annual periods beginning after the December 15, 2015 effective date; early application is permitted for financial statements that have not been issued. The significance of this guidance for the Company is dependent on acquisition activity.
Business Overview
We provide mortgage and real estate products and services through two reportable business segments—Mortgage Insurance and Services. On April 1, 2015, Radian Guaranty completed the previously disclosed sale to Assured of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Radian Asset Assurance, a financial guaranty insurer, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 22, 2014. As a result, until the April 1, 2015 sale date, the operating results of Radian Asset Assurance are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Prior periods have been revised to conform to the current period presentation for these changes. See Note 2 for additional information related to discontinued operations.
Mortgage Insurance
Our Mortgage Insurance segment provides credit-related insurance coverage, principally through private mortgage insurance, to mortgage lending institutions. We provide our mortgage insurance products mainly through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Radian Guaranty. Private mortgage insurance protects mortgage lenders from all or a portion of default-related losses on residential mortgage loans made to home buyers who generally make down payments of less than 20% of the home’s purchase price. Private mortgage insurance also facilitates the sale of these low-downpayment mortgage loans in the secondary mortgage market, most of which are sold to the GSEs. Our Mortgage Insurance segment currently offers primary mortgage insurance coverage on residential First-liens, and at September 30, 2015, primary insurance on First-liens comprised approximately 97.3% of our $45.6 billion total direct RIF. At September 30, 2015, pool insurance, which we previously offered, represented approximately 2.5% of our total direct RIF.
The GSEs and state insurance regulators impose various capital and financial requirements on our insurance subsidiaries. These include financial requirements, such as Risk-to-capital, other risk-based capital measures and surplus requirements, as well as the PMIERs Financial Requirements discussed below. Failure to comply with applicable financial requirements may limit the amount of insurance that our insurance subsidiaries may write. The GSEs and our state insurance regulators also possess significant discretion with respect to our insurance subsidiaries.
On April 17, 2015, the FHFA issued the final PMIERs, setting forth revised requirements for private mortgage insurers, including Radian Guaranty, to remain eligible insurers of loans purchased by the GSEs. The PMIERs Financial Requirements require that a mortgage insurer’s Available Assets meet or exceed its Minimum Required Assets. Under the final PMIERs, Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets are determined on an aggregate basis, taking into account the assets and insured risk of Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers. Therefore, developments that impact the assets and insured risk of Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers individually (such as capital contributions from Radian Group) also will impact the aggregate Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets, and importantly, Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. As a result, references to Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets take into consideration both Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers.
17

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
On June 30, 2015, the GSEs updated the PMIERs Financial Requirements to increase the amount of Available Assets that must be held by a private mortgage insurer for loans originated on or after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA. Once the PMIERs become effective for existing eligible mortgage insurers on December 31, 2015, the PMIERs Financial Requirements will replace the capital adequacy standards under the current GSE eligibility requirements.
Based on our current estimates of Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets as of December 31, 2015, we expect Radian Guaranty to be positioned to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements by utilizing a portion of our holding company liquidity. See Liquidity and Capital Resources—Radian Group—Short-Term Liquidity Needs for additional information.
The implementation of the final PMIERs (as updated on June 30, 2015) will: (1) increase the amount of capital that Radian Guaranty is required to hold, and therefore, reduce our current returns on subsidiary capital; (2) potentially impact the type and volume of business that Radian Guaranty and other private mortgage insurers are willing to write; (3) impose extensive and more stringent operational requirements in areas such as claim processing, loss mitigation, document retention, underwriting, quality control, reporting and monitoring, among others, that may result in additional costs to achieve and maintain compliance; and (4) require the consent of the GSEs for Radian Guaranty to take certain actions such as paying dividends, entering into various intercompany agreements, and commuting or reinsuring risk, among others.
The NAIC is in the process of reviewing the minimum capital and surplus requirements for mortgage insurers and is considering changes to the Model Act. While the outcome of this process is not known, it is possible that among other changes, the NAIC will recommend and adopt more stringent capital requirements than currently exist under the Model Act, which could increase the capital requirements for Radian Guaranty in states that adopt the new Model Act.
Services
Our Services segment provides outsourced services, information-based analytics and specialty consulting for buyers and sellers of, and investors in, mortgage loans and other real estate-related loans and securities as well as other forms of collateral. The primary services of our Services segment include: (1) loan review/due diligence; (2) surveillance; (3) valuation and component services; (4) REO management; and (5) EuroRisk mortgage services in the United Kingdom and Europe. These services and solutions are provided primarily through Clayton and its subsidiaries, including Green River Capital and Red Bell.
During the first quarter of 2015, Clayton expanded its service offerings by acquiring Red Bell, a real estate brokerage company that provides products and services that include automated valuation models; broker price opinions used by investors, lenders and loan servicers; and advanced technology solutions for: (1) monitoring loan portfolio performance; (2) tracking non-performing loans; (3) managing REO assets; and (4) valuing and selling residential real estate through a secure platform. Red Bell is part of the Services segment. See Note 6 for additional information.
2015 Developments
Debt and Equity Transactions
During the second quarter of 2015, Radian Group successfully completed a series of transactions to strengthen its capital position, including to reduce its overall cost of capital and to improve the maturity profile of its debt. This series of transactions had four components:

• | the issuance of $350 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2020;

• | the purchases of approximately $389.1 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017;

• | the termination of a corresponding portion of the capped call transactions related to the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017; and

• | the entry into an ASR program to repurchase an aggregate of $202 million of Radian Group common stock.

The purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 resulted in a pretax charge of approximately $91.9 million during the second quarter of 2015, recorded as loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment.
See Notes 10 and 16 for additional information.
18

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
BofA Settlement Agreement
Implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement commenced on February 1, 2015 for Subject Loans held in portfolio by the Insureds or purchased by the GSEs as of that date. Approximately 12% of the Subject Loans are neither held in portfolio by the Insureds nor owned by the GSEs, and required the consent of certain other investors for these loans to be included in the BofA Settlement Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, most of such other investors provided consent, and therefore, the associated implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement has commenced with respect to these loans. Our previous reserve assumptions assumed that these consents would be obtained. See Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K for additional information about the BofA Settlement Agreement.
2. Discontinued Operations
On April 1, 2015, Radian Guaranty completed the sale of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Radian Asset Assurance for a purchase price of approximately $810 million, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement. The divestiture was intended to better position Radian Guaranty to comply with the PMIERs and to support Radian’s strategic focus on the mortgage and real estate industries. After closing costs and other adjustments, Radian Guaranty received net proceeds of $789 million. See Note 1 for additional information regarding the PMIERs.
Previously, Radian Asset Assurance comprised substantially all of the financial guaranty segment. Radian Asset Assurance provided direct insurance and reinsurance on credit-based risks. As a result, the assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations historically were a source of significant volatility to Radian’s results of operations, due to various factors including fluctuations in fair value and credit risk.
Based upon the applicable terms of the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement, we determined that Radian Asset Assurance met the criteria for held for sale and discontinued operations accounting at December 31, 2014. As a result, we recognized a pretax impairment charge of approximately $468 million for the year ended December 31, 2014 and an additional charge of $14.3 million through April 1, 2015, when the sale was completed. The operating results of Radian Asset Assurance are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. We recorded net income from discontinued operations of $5.4 million related to this sale in the first six months of 2015, consisting primarily of the recognition of investment gains previously deferred and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and recognized as a result of the completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance to Assured on April 1, 2015, as well as adjustments to estimated transaction costs and taxes. No general corporate overhead or interest expense was allocated to discontinued operations in 2015 or 2014.
In the tables below we have summarized the major components of the net income from discontinued operations, as well as the assets and liabilities held for sale.
19

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The income from discontinued operations, net of tax, consisted of the following components for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 (1) |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net premiums earned | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,329 |  |  | $ | 1,007 |  |  | $ | 26,700 |
Net investment income | — |  |  | 9,035 |  |  | 9,153 |  |  | 27,020 |
Net (losses) gains on investments and other financial instruments | — |  |  | (563 | ) |  | 21,486 |  |  | 41,596 |
Change in fair value of derivative instruments | — |  |  | 19,360 |  |  | 2,625 |  |  | 126,923 |
Other income | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | 88 |
Total revenues | — |  |  | 37,170 |  |  | 34,271 |  |  | 222,327 |
Provision for losses | — |  |  | (6,416 | ) |  | 502 |  |  | 4,311 |
Policy acquisition costs | — |  |  | 1,794 |  |  | (191 | ) |  | 5,066 |
Other operating expense | — |  |  | 5,037 |  |  | 4,107 |  |  | 15,239 |
Total expenses | — |  |  | 415 |  |  | 4,418 |  |  | 24,616 |
Equity in net loss of affiliates | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13 | ) |  | (13 | )
Income from operations of businesses held for sale | — |  |  | 36,755 |  |  | 29,840 |  |  | 197,698 |
Loss on sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,280 | ) |  | — |
Income tax provision | — |  |  | 15,196 |  |  | 10,175 |  |  | 48,064 |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | — |  |  | $ | 21,559 |  |  | $ | 5,385 |  |  | $ | 149,634 |

____________

(1) | There was no activity for discontinued operations in the three months ended September 30, 2015.

The assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations have been segregated in the condensed consolidated balance sheets for periods prior to the sale. The following table summarizes the major components of Radian Asset Assurance’s assets and liabilities held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 | December 31, 2014
Fixed-maturity investments | $ | — |  | $ | 224,552 |
Equity securities | — |  | 3,749 |
Trading securities | — |  | 689,887 |
Short-term investments | — |  | 435,413 |
Other invested assets | — |  | 108,206 |
Other assets | — |  | 274,637 |
Total assets held for sale | $ | — |  | $ | 1,736,444 |
Unearned premiums | $ | — |  | $ | 158,921 |
Reserve for losses and LAE | — |  | 31,558 |
VIE debt | — |  | 85,016 |
Derivative liabilities | — |  | 183,370 |
Other liabilities | — |  | 488,143 |
Total liabilities held for sale | $ | — |  | $ | 947,008 |

20

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
3. Segment Reporting
We currently have two strategic business units that we manage separately—Mortgage Insurance and, effective with the June 30, 2014 acquisition of Clayton, our Services segment. Adjusted pretax operating income for each segment represents segment results on a standalone basis; therefore, inter-segment eliminations and reclassifications required for consolidated GAAP presentation have not been reflected. The operating results of Radian Asset Assurance are classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, Radian Asset Assurance had represented substantially all of the financial guaranty segment; therefore, we no longer report a financial guaranty business segment. Certain corporate income and expenses that were previously allocated to the financial guaranty segment but were not reclassified to discontinued operations, such as corporate investment income, interest expense and corporate overhead expenses, have been reallocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment. Prior periods have been revised to conform to the current period presentation for these changes. See Note 2 for additional information related to discontinued operations.
We allocate to our Mortgage Insurance segment: (i) corporate expenses based on an allocated percentage of time spent on the Mortgage Insurance segment; (ii) all interest expense except for interest expense related to the Senior Notes due 2019 that were issued to fund our purchase of Clayton; (iii) for periods prior to the April 1, 2015 sale of Radian Asset Assurance, corporate income and expenses that were previously allocated to our financial guaranty segment and were not allocated to discontinued operations; and (iv) all corporate cash and investments.
We allocate to our Services segment: (i) corporate expenses based on an allocated percentage of time spent on the Services segment; and (ii) as noted above, all interest expense related to the Senior Notes due 2019. No corporate cash or investments are allocated to the Services segment. We have included Clayton’s results of operations from the June 30, 2014 date of acquisition. Inter-segment activities are recorded at market rates for segment reporting and eliminated in consolidation.
Effective with the fourth quarter of 2014, our Services segment undertook the management responsibilities of certain additional loan servicer surveillance functions that were previously considered part of our Mortgage Insurance segment. As a result, these services and activities are now reported in our Services segment for all periods presented.
Adjusted Pretax Operating Income (Loss)
Our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (our chief operating decision maker), uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of each of Radian’s business segments and to allocate resources to the segments. Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) is defined as pretax income (loss) from continuing operations excluding the effects of: net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments; loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment; acquisition-related expenses; amortization and impairment of intangible assets; and net impairment losses recognized in earnings.
Although adjusted pretax operating income (loss) excludes certain items that have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future, the excluded items represent those that are: (1) not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities; or (2) not expected to result in an economic impact equal to the amount reflected in pretax income (loss) from continuing operations. These adjustments, along with the reasons for their treatment, are described below.

(1) | Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments. The recognition of realized investment gains or losses can vary significantly across periods as the activity is highly discretionary based on the timing of individual securities sales due to such factors as market opportunities, our tax and capital profile and overall market cycles. Unrealized investment gains and losses arise primarily from changes in the market value of our investments that are classified as trading. These valuation adjustments may not necessarily result in economic gains or losses.

Trends in the profitability of our fundamental operating activities can be more clearly identified without the fluctuations of these realized and unrealized gains or losses. We do not view them to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities. Therefore, these items are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss). However, we include the change in expected economic loss or recovery associated with our consolidated VIEs, if any, in the calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).
21

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

(2) | Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment. Gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt or losses incurred to purchase our convertible debt prior to maturity are discretionary activities that are undertaken in order to take advantage of market opportunities to strengthen our financial and capital positions; therefore, these activities are not viewed as part of our operating performance. Such transactions do not reflect expected future operations and do not provide meaningful insight regarding our current or past operating trends. Therefore, these items are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(3) | Acquisition-related expenses. Acquisition-related expenses represent the costs incurred to effect an acquisition of a business (i.e., a business combination). Because we pursue acquisitions on a strategic and selective basis and not in the ordinary course of our business, we do not view acquisition-related expenses as a consequence of a primary business activity. Therefore, we do not consider these expenses to be part of our operating performance and they are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(4) | Amortization and impairment of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets represents the periodic expense required to amortize the cost of intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are also periodically reviewed for potential impairment, and impairment adjustments are made whenever appropriate. These charges are not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities and therefore are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(5) | Net impairment losses recognized in earnings. The recognition of net impairment losses on investments can vary significantly in both size and timing, depending on market credit cycles. We do not view these impairment losses to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities. Therefore, whenever these losses occur, we exclude them from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

22

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Summarized operating results for our segments as of and for the periods indicated, are as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Mortgage Insurance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net premiums written—insurance | $ | 242,168 |  |  | $ | 245,775 |  |  | $ | 735,158 |  |  | $ | 680,675 |
Increase in unearned premiums | (14,735 | ) |  | (27,948 | ) |  | (45,693 | ) |  | (60,440 | )
Net premiums earned—insurance | 227,433 |  |  | 217,827 |  |  | 689,465 |  |  | 620,235 |
Net investment income (1) | 22,091 |  |  | 17,143 |  |  | 58,704 |  |  | 49,124 |
Other income (1) | 1,711 |  |  | 1,037 |  |  | 4,785 |  |  | 3,653 |
Total | 251,235 |  |  | 236,007 |  |  | 752,954 |  |  | 673,012 |
Provision for losses | 64,128 |  |  | 48,942 |  |  | 141,616 |  |  | 163,216 |
Change in expected economic loss or recovery for consolidated VIEs | — |  |  | (190 | ) |  | — |  |  | 129 |
Policy acquisition costs | 2,880 |  |  | 4,240 |  |  | 17,593 |  |  | 18,003 |
Other operating expenses before corporate allocations | 36,632 |  |  | 33,679 |  |  | 112,535 |  |  | 107,799 |
Total (2) | 103,640 |  |  | 86,671 |  |  | 271,744 |  |  | 289,147 |
Adjusted pretax operating income before corporate allocations | 147,595 |  |  | 149,336 |  |  | 481,210 |  |  | 383,865 |
Allocation of corporate operating expenses (1) | 14,893 |  |  | 8,520 |  |  | 37,167 |  |  | 41,425 |
Allocation of interest expense (1) | 16,797 |  |  | 19,565 |  |  | 56,820 |  |  | 61,840 |
Adjusted pretax operating income | $ | 115,905 |  |  | $ | 121,251 |  |  | $ | 387,223 |  |  | $ | 280,600 |

____________

(1) | For periods prior to the April 1, 2015 sale of Radian Asset Assurance, includes certain corporate income and expenses that have been reallocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment that were previously allocated to the former financial guaranty segment, but were not reclassified to discontinued operations, as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net investment income | $ | 1,239 |  |  | $ | 882 |  |  | $ | 3,928 |
Other income | 32 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 214 |
Allocation of corporate operating expenses | 1,626 |  |  | 2,074 |  |  | 10,187 |
Allocation of interest expense | 11,629 |  |  | 9,918 |  |  | 42,127 |

(2) | Includes inter-segment expenses as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Inter-segment expenses | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,919 |  |  | $ | — |

23

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Services |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Services revenue | $ | 43,114 |  |  | $ | 42,243 |  |  | $ | 119,241 |  |  | $ | 42,243 |
Other income | — |  |  | 125 |  |  | — |  |  | 374 |
Total (1) | 43,114 |  |  | 42,368 |  |  | 119,241 |  |  | 42,617 |
Direct cost of services | 25,870 |  |  | 23,896 |  |  | 70,624 |  |  | 23,896 |
Other operating expenses before corporate allocations | 11,533 |  |  | 9,054 |  |  | 31,912 |  |  | 10,555 |
Total | 37,403 |  |  | 32,950 |  |  | 102,536 |  |  | 34,451 |
Adjusted pretax operating income before corporate allocations | 5,711 |  |  | 9,418 |  |  | 16,705 |  |  | 8,166 |
Allocation of corporate operating expenses | 1,567 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 3,855 |  |  | 404 |
Allocation of interest expense | 4,423 |  |  | 4,424 |  |  | 13,286 |  |  | 4,424 |
Adjusted pretax operating (loss) income | $ | (279 | ) |  | $ | 4,590 |  |  | $ | (436 | ) |  | $ | 3,338 |

____________

(1) | Includes inter-segment revenues as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Inter-segment revenues | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,919 |  |  | $ | — |

Selected balance sheet information for our segments as of the periods indicated, is as follows:

| At September 30, 2015
(In thousands) | Mortgage Insurance |  | Services |  | Total
Total assets | $ | 5,408,200 |  |  | $ | 352,716 |  |  | $ | 5,760,916 |

| At December 31, 2014
(In thousands) | Mortgage Insurance |  | Services |  | Total
Assets held for sale (1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,736,444 |
Total assets | 4,769,014 |  |  | 336,878 |  |  | 6,842,336 |

________________

(1) | Assets held for sale are not part of the Mortgage Insurance or Services segments.

24

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The reconciliation of adjusted pretax operating income to consolidated pretax income from continuing operations is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Adjusted pretax operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage Insurance (1) (2) | $ | 115,905 |  |  | $ | 121,251 |  |  | $ | 387,223 |  |  | $ | 280,600 |
Services (2) | (279 | ) |  | 4,590 |  |  | (436 | ) |  | 3,338 |
Total adjusted pretax operating income | 115,626 |  |  | 125,841 |  |  | 386,787 |  |  | 283,938 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments (3) | 3,868 |  |  | (6,484 | ) |  | 49,095 |  |  | 62,135 |
Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (91,887 | ) |  | — |
Acquisition-related expenses | (525 | ) |  | 432 |  |  | (1,299 | ) |  | (6,300 | )
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets | (3,273 | ) |  | (3,294 | ) |  | (9,577 | ) |  | (3,294 | )
Consolidated pretax income from continuing operations | $ | 115,685 |  |  | $ | 116,495 |  |  | $ | 333,119 |  |  | $ | 336,479 |

______________

(1) | For periods prior to the April 1, 2015 sale of Radian Asset Assurance, includes certain corporate income and expenses that have been reallocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment, as listed in the preceding tables. These amounts represent items that were previously allocated to the former financial guaranty segment, but were not reclassified to discontinued operations.

(2) | Includes inter-segment expenses and revenues as listed in the notes to the preceding tables.

(3) | The change in expected economic loss or recovery associated with our previously owned VIEs is included in adjusted pretax operating income above, although it represents amounts that are not included in net income. Therefore, for purposes of this reconciliation, net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments has been adjusted by income of $0.2 million and a loss of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, to reverse this item.

On a consolidated basis, “adjusted pretax operating income (loss)” is a measure not determined in accordance with GAAP. Total adjusted pretax operating income (loss) is not a measure of total profitability, and therefore should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income (loss). Our definition of adjusted pretax operating income (loss) may not be comparable to similarly-named measures reported by other companies.
4. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Available for sale securities, trading securities and certain other assets are recorded at fair value. All changes in the fair value of trading securities and certain other assets are included in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. All changes in the fair value of available for sale securities are recorded in AOCI. There were no significant changes to our fair value methodologies during the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
25

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
In accordance with GAAP, we established a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurements based on the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level I measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level III measurements). The level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the measurement in its entirety. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are defined below:

Level I | — Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;

Level II | — Prices or valuations based on observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities; and

Level III | — Prices or valuations that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable. Level III inputs are used to measure fair value only to the extent that observable inputs are not available.

The level of market activity used to determine the fair value hierarchy is based on the availability of observable inputs market participants would use to price an asset or a liability, including market value price observations. We provide a qualitative description of the valuation techniques and inputs used for Level II recurring and non-recurring fair value measurements in our audited annual financial statements as of December 31, 2014. For a complete understanding of those valuation techniques and inputs used as of September 30, 2015, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited annual financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2014 Form 10-K.
The following is a list of those assets that are measured at fair value by hierarchy level as of September 30, 2015:

(In millions) | Level I |  | Level II |  | Level III |  | Total
Assets at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment Portfolio: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 729.1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 729.1 |
State and municipal obligations | — |  |  | 332.5 |  |  | — |  |  | 332.5 |
Money market instruments | 819.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 819.7 |
Corporate bonds and notes | — |  |  | 1,287.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,287.7 |
RMBS | — |  |  | 285.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 285.6 |
CMBS | — |  |  | 462.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 462.4 |
Other ABS | — |  |  | 354.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 354.3 |
Foreign government and agency securities | — |  |  | 35.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 35.7 |
Equity securities | 19.0 |  |  | 45.5 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 65.0 |
Other investments (1) | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Investments at Fair Value (2) | 1,567.8 |  |  | 2,804.7 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 4,373.0 |
Total Assets at Fair Value | $ | 1,567.8 |  |  | $ | 2,804.7 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 4,373.0 |

______________________

(1) | Comprising short-term certificates of deposit.

(2) | Does not include certain other invested assets ($3.8 million), primarily invested in limited partnerships, accounted for as cost-method investments and not measured at fair value.

At September 30, 2015, total Level III assets of $0.5 million accounted for less than 0.1% of total assets measured at fair value. This investment was purchased during the three months ended June 30, 2015, and there were no related gains or losses recorded during the quarter. There were no Level III liabilities.
26

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following is a list of those assets that are measured at fair value by hierarchy level as of December 31, 2014:

(In millions) | Level I |  | Level II |  | Total
Assets at Fair Value |  |  |  |  |
Investment Portfolio: |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 836.9 |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  | $ | 839.9 |
State and municipal obligations | — |  |  | 362.8 |  |  | 362.8 |
Money market instruments | 600.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 600.3 |
Corporate bonds and notes | — |  |  | 992.8 |  |  | 992.8 |
RMBS | — |  |  | 132.3 |  |  | 132.3 |
CMBS | — |  |  | 246.8 |  |  | 246.8 |
Other ABS | — |  |  | 185.5 |  |  | 185.5 |
Foreign government and agency securities | — |  |  | 37.7 |  |  | 37.7 |
Equity securities (1) | 164.0 |  |  | 51.6 |  |  | 215.6 |
Other investments (2) | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.0 |
Total Investments at Fair Value (3) | 1,601.2 |  |  | 2,013.5 |  |  | 3,614.7 |
Total Assets at Fair Value | $ | 1,601.2 |  |  | $ | 2,013.5 |  |  | $ | 3,614.7 |

______________________

(1) | Comprising broadly diversified domestic equity mutual funds and certain common stocks included within Level I and various preferred stocks invested across numerous companies and industries included within Level II.

(2) | Comprising short-term certificates of deposit.

(3) | Does not include certain other invested assets ($14.6 million), primarily invested in limited partnerships, accounted for as cost-method investments and not measured at fair value. Also excludes investments classified as assets held for sale of $495.1 million, $839.2 million and $102.6 million, with fair values categorized in Level I, Level II and Level III, respectively.

At December 31, 2014, there were no Level III assets other than those classified as assets held for sale, and total Level III liabilities of $3.8 million accounted for 100% of total liabilities measured at fair value.
There were no transfers between Level I and Level II for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 or 2014. There were also no transfers involving Level III assets or liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, all of our other ABS securities were transferred from Level III to Level II, as third-party pricing became available.
Other Fair Value Disclosure
The carrying value and estimated fair value of other selected assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets were as follows as of the dates indicated:

| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |
(In millions) | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Estimated Fair Value |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Other invested assets | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 7.6 |  | (1) | $ | 14.6 |  |  | $ | 20.5 |  | (1)
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt | 1,230.2 |  |  | 1,558.7 |  | (1) | 1,192.3 |  |  | 1,859.3 |  | (1)

______________________

(1) | These estimated fair values would be classified in Level II of the fair value hierarchy.

27

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
5. Investments
Our available for sale securities within our investment portfolio consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

| September 30, 2015
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Fixed-maturities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 5,764 |  |  | $ | 5,793 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | — |
State and municipal obligations | 17,581 |  |  | 18,576 |  |  | 995 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds and notes | 614,635 |  |  | 606,260 |  |  | 3,753 |  |  | 12,128 |
RMBS | 208,011 |  |  | 209,028 |  |  | 1,377 |  |  | 360 |
CMBS | 307,216 |  |  | 305,700 |  |  | 1,533 |  |  | 3,049 |
Other ABS | 330,986 |  |  | 328,746 |  |  | 1,088 |  |  | 3,328 |
Foreign government and agency securities | 23,329 |  |  | 22,225 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 1,206 |
| 1,507,522 |  |  | 1,496,328 |  |  | 8,877 |  |  | 20,071 |
Equity securities available for sale | 573 |  |  | 985 |  |  | 412 |  |  | — |
Total debt and equity securities | $ | 1,508,095 |  |  | $ | 1,497,313 |  |  | $ | 9,289 |  |  | $ | 20,071 |

| December 31, 2014
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses
Fixed-maturities available for sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 5,709 |  |  | $ | 5,751 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 6 |
State and municipal obligations | 17,727 |  |  | 18,910 |  |  | 1,183 |  |  | — |
Corporate bonds and notes | 277,678 |  |  | 284,408 |  |  | 7,288 |  |  | 558 |
RMBS | 41,467 |  |  | 42,520 |  |  | 1,053 |  |  | — |
CMBS | 57,358 |  |  | 58,234 |  |  | 876 |  |  | — |
Other ABS | 109,420 |  |  | 107,701 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,727 |
Foreign government and agency securities | 19,301 |  |  | 19,366 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 242 |
| 528,660 |  |  | 536,890 |  |  | 10,763 |  |  | 2,533 |
Equity securities available for sale (1) | 76,900 |  |  | 143,368 |  |  | 66,468 |  |  | — |
Total debt and equity securities | $ | 605,560 |  |  | $ | 680,258 |  |  | $ | 77,231 |  |  | $ | 2,533 |

______________________

(1) | Comprising broadly diversified domestic equity mutual funds ($143.0 million fair value) and a preferred stock investment in Freddie Mac ($0.4 million fair value).

28

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The trading securities within our investment portfolio, which are recorded at fair value, consisted of the following as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Trading securities: |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities | $ | 131,956 |  |  | $ | 134,530 |
State and municipal obligations | 313,884 |  |  | 343,926 |
Corporate bonds and notes | 632,681 |  |  | 708,361 |
RMBS | 76,536 |  |  | 89,810 |
CMBS | 156,697 |  |  | 188,615 |
Other ABS | 25,559 |  |  | 77,755 |
Foreign government and agency securities | 13,449 |  |  | 18,331 |
Equity securities | 63,995 |  |  | 72,256 |
Total | $ | 1,414,757 |  |  | $ | 1,633,584 |

For trading securities held at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we had net unrealized losses during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and net unrealized gains during the year ended December 31, 2014 associated with those securities of $12.7 million and $65.7 million, respectively.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we did not transfer any securities from the available for sale or trading categories.
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments consisted of:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net realized gains (losses): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-maturities held to maturity | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9 | )
Fixed-maturities available for sale | (343 | ) |  | (540 | ) |  | (402 | ) |  | (1,139 | )
Equities available for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | 68,723 |  |  | — |
Trading securities | (1 | ) |  | (52 | ) |  | (12,860 | ) |  | (4,444 | )
Short-term investments | (27 | ) |  | — |  |  | (23 | ) |  | — |
Other invested assets | 2,794 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,794 |  |  | — |
Other gains | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 238 |
Net realized gains (losses) on investments | 2,423 |  |  | (301 | ) |  | 58,338 |  |  | (5,354 | )
Unrealized gains (losses) on trading securities | 1,810 |  |  | (6,007 | ) |  | (9,127 | ) |  | 70,565 |
Total net gains (losses) on investments | 4,233 |  |  | (6,308 | ) |  | 49,211 |  |  | 65,211 |
Net (losses) gains on other financial instruments | (365 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | (116 | ) |  | (3,205 | )
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments | $ | 3,868 |  |  | $ | (6,294 | ) |  | $ | 49,095 |  |  | $ | 62,006 |

29

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value of our securities deemed “available for sale” aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated:

September 30, 2015: ($ in thousands) Description of Securities |  | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
# of securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # of securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # of securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Corporate bonds and notes |  | 77 |  |  | $ | 307,644 |  |  | $ | 11,689 |  |  | 6 |  |  | $ | 8,716 |  |  | $ | 439 |  |  | 83 |  |  | $ | 316,360 |  |  | $ | 12,128 |
RMBS |  | 6 |  |  | 70,121 |  |  | 360 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | 70,121 |  |  | 360 |
CMBS |  | 30 |  |  | 179,673 |  |  | 3,049 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30 |  |  | 179,673 |  |  | 3,049 |
Other ABS |  | 62 |  |  | 205,452 |  |  | 2,038 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 42,127 |  |  | 1,290 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 247,579 |  |  | 3,328 |
Foreign government and agency securities |  | 14 |  |  | 14,394 |  |  | 971 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 15,930 |  |  | 1,206 |
Total |  | 189 |  |  | $ | 777,284 |  |  | $ | 18,107 |  |  | 23 |  |  | $ | 52,379 |  |  | $ | 1,964 |  |  | 212 |  |  | $ | 829,663 |  |  | $ | 20,071 |

December 31, 2014: ($ in thousands) Description of Securities |  | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
# of securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # of securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | # of securities |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
U.S. government and agency securities |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 3,455 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 3,455 |  |  | $ | 6 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  | 24 |  |  | 40,917 |  |  | 410 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1,027 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 41,944 |  |  | 558 |
Other ABS |  | 34 |  |  | 97,356 |  |  | 1,727 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34 |  |  | 97,356 |  |  | 1,727 |
Foreign government and agency securities |  | 4 |  |  | 6,353 |  |  | 242 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 6,353 |  |  | 242 |
Total |  | 62 |  |  | $ | 144,626 |  |  | $ | 2,379 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 4,482 |  |  | $ | 154 |  |  | 64 |  |  | $ | 149,108 |  |  | $ | 2,533 |

During the first nine months of 2015 and 2014, we did not recognize in earnings any impairment losses related to credit deterioration.
Although we held securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2015, we did not consider them to be other-than-temporarily impaired as of such date. For all investment categories, the unrealized losses of 12 months or greater duration as of September 30, 2015, were generally caused by interest rate or credit spread movements since the purchase date. As of September 30, 2015, we estimated that the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from these securities would be sufficient to recover the amortized cost basis of these securities. As of September 30, 2015, we did not have the intent to sell any debt securities in an unrealized loss position, and we determined that it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of their cost basis, which may be at maturity; therefore, we did not consider these investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at September 30, 2015.
30

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The contractual maturities of fixed-maturity investments are as follows:

| September 30, 2015
| Available for Sale
(In thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Due in one year or less (1) | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 2,299 |
Due after one year through five years (1) | 104,053 |  |  | 104,854 |
Due after five years through ten years (1) | 368,126 |  |  | 363,447 |
Due after ten years (1) | 186,838 |  |  | 182,254 |
RMBS (2) | 208,011 |  |  | 209,028 |
CMBS (2) | 307,216 |  |  | 305,700 |
Other ABS (2) | 330,986 |  |  | 328,746 |
Total | $ | 1,507,522 |  |  | $ | 1,496,328 |

______________________

(1) | Actual maturities may differ as a result of calls before scheduled maturity.

(2) | RMBS, CMBS and Other ABS are shown separately, as they are not due at a single maturity date.

At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, Radian Guaranty had $210.9 million and $209.3 million, respectively, in a collateral account pursuant to the Freddie Mac Agreement. This collateral account, which contains investments primarily invested in trading securities, is pledged to cover Loss Mitigation Activity on the loans subject to the Freddie Mac Agreement. Subject to certain conditions in the Freddie Mac Agreement, amounts in the collateral account may be released to Radian Guaranty over time to the extent that Loss Mitigation Activity becomes final in accordance with the terms of that agreement. In accordance with these provisions, Radian withdrew approximately $135.9 million from this account in October 2015 related to Loss Mitigation Activity that had become final as of August 31, 2015. Following this withdrawal, if, as of August 29, 2017, the amount of additional Loss Mitigation Activity that has become final in accordance with the Freddie Mac Agreement is less than approximately $74 million, then any shortfall will be paid on that date to Freddie Mac from the funds remaining in the collateral account, subject to certain adjustments designed to allow for any Loss Mitigation Activity that has not become final or any claims evaluation that has not been completed as of that date. Through September 30, 2015, approximately $1 million of additional Loss Mitigation Activity had become final in accordance with the Freddie Mac Agreement and approximately $11 million of additional submitted claims had been rescinded, denied, curtailed or cancelled, but were not yet considered final in accordance with the Freddie Mac Agreement.
6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, Net
The following table shows the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill, all of which relates to our Services segment, as of and for the year-to-date periods ended September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014:

(In thousands) | Goodwill |  | Accumulated Impairment Losses |  | Net
Balance at December 31, 2013 | $ | 2,095 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,095 |
Goodwill acquired | 191,932 |  |  | — |  |  | 191,932 |
Impairment losses | — |  |  | (2,095 | ) |  | (2,095 | )
Balance at December 31, 2014 | 194,027 |  |  | (2,095 | ) |  | 191,932 |
Goodwill acquired | 2,388 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,388 |
Impairment losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at September 30, 2015 | $ | 196,415 |  |  | $ | (2,095 | ) |  | $ | 194,320 |

31

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
During the first quarter of 2015, Clayton expanded its service offerings by acquiring Red Bell, a real estate brokerage company that provides products and services that include automated valuation models; broker price opinions used by investors, lenders and loan servicers; and advanced technology solutions for: (1) monitoring loan portfolio performance; (2) tracking non-performing loans; (3) managing REO assets; and (4) valuing and selling residential real estate through a secure platform. The acquisition did not meet the criteria to be considered a material business combination. The transaction was treated as a purchase for accounting purposes, with the excess of the acquisition price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired resulting in goodwill of $2.4 million. The goodwill represents the estimated future economic benefits arising from the assets acquired that did not qualify to be identified and recognized individually, and includes the value of the discounted expected future cash flows, the workforce, expected synergies with our other affiliates and other unidentifiable intangible assets. Goodwill is deemed to have an indefinite useful life and is subject to review for impairment annually, or more frequently, whenever circumstances indicate potential impairment. Our goodwill balance at September 30, 2015 relates entirely to our Services segment, as a result of our acquisition of Clayton and its subsequent acquisition of Red Bell.
The following is a summary of the gross and net carrying amounts and accumulated amortization of our other intangible assets as of and for the year-to-date periods indicated:

| As of September 30, 2015
(In thousands) | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Client relationships | $ | 83,033 |  |  | $ | (8,983 | ) |  | $ | 74,050 |
Technology | 10,940 |  |  | (2,284 | ) |  | 8,656 |
Trademark | 8,300 |  |  | (1,023 | ) |  | 7,277 |
Client backlog | 6,680 |  |  | (3,739 | ) |  | 2,941 |
Non-competition agreements | 185 |  |  | (95 | ) |  | 90 |
Total | $ | 109,138 |  |  | $ | (16,124 | ) |  | $ | 93,014 |
| As of December 31, 2014
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Carrying Amount
Client relationships | $ | 79,203 |  |  | $ | (2,917 | ) |  | $ | 76,286 |
Technology | 8,970 |  |  | (797 | ) |  | 8,173 |
Trademark | 7,860 |  |  | (393 | ) |  | 7,467 |
Client backlog | 6,680 |  |  | (2,406 | ) |  | 4,274 |
Non-competition agreements | 145 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | 108 |
Total | $ | 102,858 |  |  | $ | (6,550 | ) |  | $ | 96,308 |

The estimated aggregate amortization expense for the remainder of 2015 and thereafter is as follows (in thousands):

2015 | $ | 3,273 |
2016 | 12,555 |
2017 | 11,913 |
2018 | 11,281 |
2019 | 10,046 |
2020 | 8,494 |
Thereafter | 35,452 |

For tax purposes, substantially all of our goodwill and other intangible assets are expected to be deductible and will be amortized over a period of 15 years.
32

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
7. Reinsurance
The effect of reinsurance on net premiums written and earned is as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net premiums written-insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct | $ | 253,262 |  |  | $ | 262,826 |  |  | $ | 766,708 |  |  | $ | 730,685 |
Assumed | 7 |  |  | (219 | ) |  | 62 |  |  | (668 | )
Ceded | (11,101 | ) |  | (16,832 | ) |  | (31,612 | ) |  | (49,342 | )
Net premiums written-insurance | $ | 242,168 |  |  | $ | 245,775 |  |  | $ | 735,158 |  |  | $ | 680,675 |
Net premiums earned-insurance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct | $ | 242,260 |  |  | $ | 235,406 |  |  | $ | 734,221 |  |  | $ | 672,453 |
Assumed | 10 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 35 |
Ceded | (14,837 | ) |  | (17,590 | ) |  | (44,789 | ) |  | (52,253 | )
Net premiums earned-insurance | $ | 227,433 |  |  | $ | 217,827 |  |  | $ | 689,465 |  |  | $ | 620,235 |

In 2012, Radian Guaranty entered into two separate QSR agreements with a third-party reinsurance provider. As of September 30, 2015, RIF ceded under the Initial QSR Transaction and the Second QSR Transaction was approximately $0.9 billion and $1.4 billion, respectively.
The Second QSR Transaction provides that, effective December 31, 2015, Radian Guaranty will have the ability, at its option, to recapture half of the reinsurance ceded with respect to conventional GSE loans, which would result in Radian Guaranty reassuming the related RIF in exchange for an expected payment of a profit commission amount from the reinsurer. Our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 include accruals of $0.7 million and $6.5 million, respectively, for this expected profit commission, based on experience to date for the Second QSR Transaction and our current expectation to exercise our option to recapture half of the ceded RIF on December 31, 2015.
The following tables show the amounts related to the QSR Transactions for the periods indicated:

| Initial QSR Transaction
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Ceded premiums written | $ | 3,437 |  |  | $ | 4,668 |  |  | $ | 11,326 |  |  | $ | 15,018 |
Ceded premiums earned | 5,068 |  |  | 6,578 |  |  | 17,510 |  |  | 20,188 |
Ceding commissions written | 745 |  |  | 1,166 |  |  | 2,453 |  |  | 3,754 |

| Second QSR Transaction
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Ceded premiums written | $ | 5,029 |  |  | $ | 9,082 |  |  | $ | 11,953 |  |  | $ | 24,447 |
Ceded premiums earned | 7,135 |  |  | 7,699 |  |  | 18,942 |  |  | 21,481 |
Ceding commissions written | 1,998 |  |  | 3,179 |  |  | 6,437 |  |  | 8,557 |

Radian Guaranty has ceded the maximum amount permitted under the QSR Transactions (up to $1.6 billion of ceded RIF for each); therefore, Radian Guaranty is no longer ceding NIW under these transactions. Effective January 1, 2015, the ceding commission was reduced from 25% to 20% for two-thirds of the reinsurance ceded under the Initial QSR Transaction. Ceded losses to date under the QSR Transactions have been immaterial.
33

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
8. Other Assets
The following table shows the components of other assets for the periods indicated:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Deposit with the IRS (Note 12) | $ | 88,557 |  |  | $ | 88,557 |
Corporate-owned life insurance | 82,598 |  |  | 80,755 |
Prepaid reinsurance premiums | 44,091 |  |  | 57,291 |
Property and equipment (1) | 42,179 |  |  | 27,248 |
Accrued investment income | 22,262 |  |  | 20,022 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs | 13,431 |  |  | 12,003 |
Reinsurance recoverables | 12,025 |  |  | 28,119 |
Other | 44,514 |  |  | 43,869 |
Total other assets | $ | 349,657 |  |  | $ | 357,864 |

______________________

(1) | Property and equipment, at cost less accumulated depreciation of $105.1 million and $100.2 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.

9. Losses and Loss Adjustment Expense
All of the balance and activity of our consolidated reserve for losses and loss adjustment expense relate to the Mortgage Insurance segment. The following table shows our reserve for losses and LAE by category at the end of each period indicated:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Reserve for losses by category: |  |  |
Prime | $ | 519,572 |  |  | $ | 700,174 |
Alt-A | 234,772 |  |  | 292,293 |
A minus and below | 137,441 |  |  | 179,103 |
IBNR and other | 107,179 |  |  | 223,114 |
LAE | 41,464 |  |  | 56,164 |
Reinsurance recoverable (1) | 11,071 |  |  | 26,665 |
Total primary reserve | 1,051,499 |  |  | 1,477,513 |
Pool | 43,234 |  |  | 75,785 |
IBNR and other | 949 |  |  | 1,775 |
LAE | 1,983 |  |  | 3,542 |
Total pool reserve | 46,166 |  |  | 81,102 |
Total First-lien reserve | 1,097,665 |  |  | 1,558,615 |
Second-lien and other (2) | 905 |  |  | 1,417 |
Total reserve for losses | $ | 1,098,570 |  |  | $ | 1,560,032 |

______________________

(1) | Primarily represents ceded losses on captive transactions and the QSR Transactions.

(2) | Does not include our Second-lien PDR that is included in other liabilities.

34

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The following table presents information relating to our reserve for losses, including our IBNR reserve and LAE but excluding Second-lien PDR, for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,204,792 |  |  | $ | 1,714,681 |  |  | $ | 1,560,032 |  |  | $ | 2,164,353 |
Less reinsurance recoverables (1) | 11,677 |  |  | 22,458 |  |  | 26,665 |  |  | 38,363 |
Balance at beginning of period, net of reinsurance recoverables | 1,193,115 |  |  | 1,692,223 |  |  | 1,533,367 |  |  | 2,125,990 |
Add losses and LAE incurred in respect of default notices reported and unreported in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current year (2) (3) | 50,436 |  |  | 72,408 |  |  | 184,490 |  |  | 256,729 |
Prior years (3) | 13,037 |  |  | (23,851 | ) |  | (42,158 | ) |  | (94,747 | )
Total incurred | 63,473 |  |  | 48,557 |  |  | 142,332 |  |  | 161,982 |
Deduct paid claims and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current year (2) | 2,841 |  |  | 4,784 |  |  | 3,417 |  |  | 5,587 |
Prior years | 166,248 |  |  | 169,066 |  |  | 584,783 |  |  | 715,455 |
Total paid | 169,089 |  |  | 173,850 |  |  | 588,200 |  |  | 721,042 |
Balance at end of period, net of reinsurance recoverables | 1,087,499 |  |  | 1,566,930 |  |  | 1,087,499 |  |  | 1,566,930 |
Add reinsurance recoverables (1) | 11,071 |  |  | 21,201 |  |  | 11,071 |  |  | 21,201 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 1,098,570 |  |  | $ | 1,588,131 |  |  | $ | 1,098,570 |  |  | $ | 1,588,131 |

_________________________

(1) | Related to ceded losses on captive reinsurance transactions and the QSR Transactions. See Note 7 for additional information.

(2) | Related to underlying defaulted loans with a most recent default notice dated in the year indicated. For example, if a loan had defaulted in a prior year, but then subsequently cured and later re-defaulted in the current year, that default would be considered a current year default.

(3) | Amounts previously reported for losses and LAE incurred in respect of default notices reported and unreported in current year and prior years have been reclassified to correct an error. There was no net change to total incurred losses in any period as a result of these reclassifications. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, the amounts previously reported for losses and LAE incurred in respect of default notices reported and unreported in current year have been revised downward by approximately $34.5 million and $82.8 million, respectively, with an equal and offsetting adjustment to the amount previously reported for default notices reported and unreported in prior years. For the years ended December 31, 2014, 2013 and 2012, the amounts previously reported related to losses and LAE incurred from current year default notices should have been lower by approximately $71.8 million, $65.0 million and $75.7 million, respectively, with equal and offsetting adjustments to the incurred loss amounts related to prior years’ default notices.

Our loss reserve declined for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, primarily as a result of the aggregate amount of paid claims, Cures, Rescissions and Claim Denials exceeding the loss reserves established for new default notices received. Reserves established for new default notices were the primary driver of our total incurred loss for the first nine months of 2015. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the impact to incurred losses from default notices reported in 2015 was partially mitigated by favorable reserve development on prior year defaults, which was driven primarily by a reduction in certain Default to Claim Rate assumptions based on observed trends of higher Cures than were previously estimated. During the first nine months of 2014, we experienced similar favorable reserve development in our estimates of future losses related to incurred losses as a result of higher Cures and lower Claim Severity rates than had previously been estimated. The overall favorable reserve development in 2015 was partially offset by adverse reserve development on prior year defaults for the three months ended September 30, 2015, which was primarily affected by a decrease in our assumption for future rescissions and denials. Our results for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 also include the impact of the BofA Settlement Agreement, as described below.
35

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Total paid claims decreased for the three months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period in 2014, primarily due to the overall decline in defaulted loans and the ongoing reduction in pending claims. Claims paid for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 include $236.6 million related to the implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement.
Our aggregate weighted average Default to Claim Rate assumption (net of Claim Denials and Rescissions) used in estimating our primary reserve for losses declined to 49% (45% excluding pending claims) at September 30, 2015, compared to 52% at December 31, 2014. The change in our Default to Claim Rate resulted primarily from a decrease in the proportion of pending claims, which have higher Default to Claim Rates, and a decrease in the assumed Default to Claim Rate for new defaults, as described below. We develop our Default to Claim Rate estimates on defaulted loans based on models that use a variety of loan characteristics to determine the likelihood that a default will reach claim status. Our Default to Claim Rate estimates on defaulted loans are mainly developed based on the Stage of Default and Time in Default of the underlying defaulted loans, as measured by the progress toward foreclosure sale and the number of months in default. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we reduced our gross Default to Claim Rate assumption for new primary defaults from 16% to 14% due to continued improvement in actual claim development trends. As of September 30, 2015, our gross Default to Claim Rates on our primary portfolio ranged from 14% for new defaults, up to approximately 65% for certain defaults not in Foreclosure Stage, and 81% for Foreclosure Stage Defaults. Our estimate of expected Rescissions and Claim Denials (net of expected Reinstatements) embedded in our Default to Claim Rate is generally based on our recent experience; as of September 30, 2015, we refined this assumption to give more weight to our experience in the most recent nine months. Consideration is also given for differences in characteristics between those rescinded policies and denied claims and the loans remaining in our defaulted inventory, as well as the estimated impact of the BofA Settlement Agreement.
The implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement resulted in Reinstatements exceeding Rescissions and Claim Denials for First-lien claims during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Reinstatements, net of Rescissions and Claim Denials, for primary loans (excluding loans subject to the Freddie Mac Agreement) totaled $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and $57.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Rescissions and Claim Denials, net of Reinstatements totaled $53.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $93.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
Although our estimates of future Rescissions and Claim Denials have been declining, they remain elevated compared to levels experienced before 2009. The elevated levels of our rate of Rescissions and Claim Denials have reduced our paid losses and have resulted in a reduction in our loss reserve. Our estimate of net future Rescissions and Claim Denials reduced our loss reserve as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 by approximately $87 million and $125 million, respectively. The amount of estimated Rescissions and Claim Denials incorporated into our reserve analysis at any point in time is affected by a number of factors, including not only our estimated rate of Rescissions and Claim Denials on future claims, but also the volume and attributes of our defaulted insured loans, our estimated Default to Claim Rate and our estimated Claim Severity, among other assumptions. As of September 30, 2015, these assumptions also reflect the estimated impact of the BofA Settlement Agreement, as further discussed below.
As our Legacy Portfolio has become a smaller percentage of our overall insured portfolio, we have undertaken a reduced amount of Loss Mitigation Activity with respect to the claims we receive, and we expect this trend to continue. As a result, our future Loss Mitigation Activity is not expected to mitigate our paid losses to the same extent as in recent years.
Our reported Rescission and Claim Denial activity in any given period is subject to challenge by our lender and servicer customers. We expect that a portion of previous Rescissions will be reinstated and previous Claim Denials will be resubmitted with the required documentation and ultimately paid; therefore, we have incorporated this expectation into our IBNR reserve estimate. Our IBNR reserve estimate was $50.4 million and $163.6 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. As of September 30, 2015, the IBNR reserve estimate of $50.4 million included approximately $29.1 million for loans subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement. This amount compares to approximately $133.0 million in IBNR reserves for loans subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement as of December 31, 2014. The significant decrease in our IBNR reserve estimate at September 30, 2015 as compared to December 31, 2014, reflects the implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement that commenced on February 1, 2015, including the reinstatement and payment during the period of certain previous Rescissions and Claim Denials.
The remaining IBNR reserve estimate as of September 30, 2015 included an estimate of future Reinstatements of previous Claim Denials, Rescissions and Claim Curtailments of $11.8 million, $0.3 million, and $1.8 million, respectively. These reserves relate to approximately $50.6 million of claims that were denied within the preceding 12 months, approximately $52.1 million of policies rescinded within the preceding 24 months, and approximately $25.7 million of Claim Curtailments within the preceding 24 months.
36

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
We also accrue for the premiums that we expect to refund to our lender customers in connection with our estimated Rescission activity. Our accrued liability for such refunds, which is included within other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, was $3.2 million and $9.0 million as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
BofA Settlement Agreement
On September 16, 2014, Radian Guaranty entered into a Confidential Settlement Agreement and Release (the “BofA Settlement Agreement”) with Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A. (together, the “Insureds”), as a successor to BofA Home Loan Servicing f/k/a Countrywide Home Loans Servicing LP, in order to resolve various actual and potential claims or disputes related to the parties’ respective rights and duties as to mortgage insurance coverage on certain Subject Loans.
Implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement commenced on February 1, 2015 for Subject Loans held in portfolio by the Insureds or purchased by the GSEs as of that date. Approximately 12% of the Subject Loans are neither held in portfolio by the Insureds nor owned by the GSEs, and required the consent of certain other investors for these loans to be included in the BofA Settlement Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, most of such other investors provided consent, and therefore, the associated implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement has commenced with respect to these loans. Our previous reserve assumptions assumed that these consents would be obtained. See Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K for additional information about the BofA Settlement Agreement.
10. Long-Term Debt
As described in Note 1, as of June 30, 2015, we early adopted the accounting update related to the presentation of debt issuance costs in financial statements. We believe that presenting long-term debt net of debt issuance costs is preferable as it is consistent with our presentation of debt discounts and premiums. The change in accounting principle has been applied retrospectively to prior periods. As a result, a reclassification of approximately $17.6 million of remaining debt issuance costs was made on our December 31, 2014 consolidated balance sheet, resulting in a reduction in other assets and a reduction in long-term debt; there was no impact on our results of operations or retained earnings.
The following illustrates the impact of the reclassification:

|  | December 31, 2014
(In thousands) |  | As Previously Reported |  | Adjustment |  | As Adjusted
9.000% | Senior Notes due 2017 | $ | 192,605 |  |  | $ | (2,360 | ) |  | $ | 190,245 |
3.000% | Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 | 375,310 |  |  | (3,974 | ) |  | 371,336 |
2.250% | Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 | 342,011 |  |  | (5,878 | ) |  | 336,133 |
5.500% | Senior Notes due 2019 | 300,000 |  |  | (5,415 | ) |  | 294,585 |
| Total long-term debt | $ | 1,209,926 |  |  | $ | (17,627 | ) |  | $ | 1,192,299 |

The carrying value of our long-term debt at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was as follows:

(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
9.000% | Senior Notes due 2017 | $ | 191,752 |  |  | $ | 190,245 |
3.000% | Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 | 52,754 |  |  | 371,336 |
2.250% | Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 | 346,443 |  |  | 336,133 |
5.500% | Senior Notes due 2019 | 295,472 |  |  | 294,585 |
5.250% | Senior Notes due 2020 | 343,825 |  |  | — |
| Total long-term debt | $ | 1,230,246 |  |  | $ | 1,192,299 |

37

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Senior Notes due 2020
In June 2015, we issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2020 and received net proceeds of approximately $343.5 million. These notes mature on June 15, 2020 and bear interest at a rate of 5.250% per annum, payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing on December 15, 2015. We have the option to redeem these notes, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time prior to maturity at a redemption price equal to the greater of: (i) 100% of the aggregate principal amount of the notes to be redeemed; or (ii) the make-whole amount, which is the present value of the notes discounted at the applicable treasury rate plus 50 basis points, plus, in each case, accrued interest thereon to the redemption date.
The Senior Notes due 2020 have covenants customary for securities of this nature, including covenants related to the payments of the notes, reports, compliance certificates and modification of the covenants. Additionally, the indenture governing the Senior Notes due 2020 includes covenants restricting us from encumbering the capital stock of a designated subsidiary (as defined in the indenture for the notes) or disposing of any capital stock of any designated subsidiary unless either all of the stock is disposed of or we retain more than 80% of the stock.
Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 and 2019
Following the pricing of our Senior Notes due 2020, in June 2015, we entered into privately negotiated agreements with certain holders of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 to purchase an aggregate principal amount of $389.1 million of our outstanding Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 for a combination of cash and shares of Radian Group common stock. We funded the purchases with $126.8 million in cash (plus accrued and unpaid interest due on the purchased notes) and by issuing to the sellers approximately 28.4 million shares of Radian Group common stock. Our purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 resulted in a pretax charge of approximately $91.9 million related to these transactions. This charge represents:

• | the $35.5 million market premium representing the consideration paid to the sellers of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 in excess of the conversion value of the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017;

• | the $52.3 million difference between the fair value and the carrying value of the liability component of the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017; and

• | the $4.1 million net impact of transaction costs and unamortized debt issuance costs on the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017.

In connection with our June 2015 purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017, we terminated a corresponding portion of the capped call transactions we had entered into in 2010 related to the initial issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. As a result of this termination, we received total consideration of approximately $54.9 million, consisting of 2.3 million shares of Radian Group common stock and $12.0 million in cash. In accordance with the accounting standards regarding equity and contracts in an entity’s own equity, the total consideration received was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital. The shares of Radian Group common stock received were retired, resulting in a decrease in shares issued and outstanding and a corresponding increase in unissued shares.
During the three-month period ended September 30, 2015, our closing stock price exceeded the thresholds required for the holders of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 and our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 to be able to exercise their conversion rights during the three-month period ending December 31, 2015. In any period when holders of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 are eligible to exercise their conversion option, the equity component related to these instruments is classified as mezzanine (temporary) equity, because we are required to settle the aggregate principal amount of the notes in cash. If in any future period the conversion threshold requirements of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 are not met, then the difference between (1) the amount of cash deliverable upon conversion (i.e., par value of debt) and (2) the carrying value of the debt component will be reclassified from mezzanine equity to permanent equity, and will continue to be reported as permanent equity for any period in which the debt is not currently convertible. Our conversion obligation for the Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 may be satisfied by paying or delivering, as the case may be, cash, shares of Radian Group common stock or a combination of cash and shares of Radian Group common stock, at our election.
38

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Issuance and transaction costs incurred at the time of the issuance of the convertible notes are allocated to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of proceeds and are accounted for as debt issuance costs and equity issuance costs, respectively. The convertible notes are reflected on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as follows:

| Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 |  | Convertible Senior Notes due 2019
(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Liability component: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal | $ | 60,899 |  |  | $ | 450,000 |  |  | $ | 399,992 |  |  | $ | 400,000 |
Debt discount, net (1) | (7,737 | ) |  | (74,690 | ) |  | (48,647 | ) |  | (57,989 | )
Debt issuance costs (1) | (408 | ) |  | (3,974 | ) |  | (4,902 | ) |  | (5,878 | )
Net carrying amount | $ | 52,754 |  |  | $ | 371,336 |  |  | $ | 346,443 |  |  | $ | 336,133 |
Equity component of currently redeemable convertible senior notes | $ | 7,737 |  |  | $ | 74,690 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

__________________

(1) | Included within long-term debt and is being amortized over the life of the convertible notes.

The following tables set forth total interest expense recognized related to the convertible notes for the periods indicated:

| Convertible Senior Notes due 2017
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Contractual interest expense | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 3,375 |  |  | $ | 6,953 |  |  | $ | 10,125 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 43 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 912 |
Amortization of debt discount | 808 |  |  | 5,441 |  |  | 11,910 |  |  | 15,939 |
Total interest expense | $ | 1,307 |  |  | $ | 9,124 |  |  | $ | 19,522 |  |  | $ | 26,976 |

| Convertible Senior Notes due 2019
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Contractual interest expense | $ | 2,250 |  |  | $ | 2,250 |  |  | $ | 6,750 |  |  | $ | 6,750 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 317 |  |  | 322 |  |  | 975 |  |  | 957 |
Amortization of debt discount | 3,146 |  |  | 2,980 |  |  | 9,342 |  |  | 8,803 |
Total interest expense | $ | 5,713 |  |  | $ | 5,552 |  |  | $ | 17,067 |  |  | $ | 16,510 |

39

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
11. Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
The following table shows the rollforward of AOCI as of the periods indicated. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we sold equity securities in our portfolio and reinvested the proceeds in assets that qualify as PMIERs-compliant Available Assets, recognizing pretax gains of $68.7 million.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2015 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 |
(In thousands) | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax |  | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | (17,744 | ) |  | $ | (6,210 | ) |  | $ | (11,534 | ) |  | $ | 79,208 |  |  | $ | 27,723 |  |  | $ | 51,485 |  |
OCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (184 | ) |  | (64 | ) |  | (120 | ) |  | (135 | ) |  | (47 | ) |  | (88 | ) |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period | 6,172 |  |  | 2,160 |  |  | 4,012 |  |  | (17,160 | ) |  | (6,006 | ) |  | (11,154 | ) |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net (losses) gains included in net income (1) | (343 | ) |  | (120 | ) |  | (223 | ) |  | 68,320 |  |  | 23,912 |  |  | 44,408 |  |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | 6,515 |  |  | 2,280 |  |  | 4,235 |  |  | (85,480 | ) |  | (29,918 | ) |  | (55,562 | ) |
Activity related to investments recorded as assets held for sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,006 | ) |  | (1,752 | ) |  | (3,254 | ) | (2)
OCI | 6,331 |  |  | 2,216 |  |  | 4,115 |  |  | (90,621 | ) |  | (31,717 | ) |  | (58,904 | ) |
Balance at end of period | $ | (11,413 | ) |  | $ | (3,994 | ) |  | $ | (7,419 | ) |  | $ | (11,413 | ) |  | $ | (3,994 | ) |  | $ | (7,419 | ) |
| Three Months Ended September 30, 2014 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014 |
(In thousands) | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax |  | Before Tax |  | Tax Effect |  | Net of Tax |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 70,857 |  |  | $ | 19,840 |  |  | $ | 51,017 |  |  | $ | 57,345 |  |  | $ | 19,962 |  |  | $ | 37,383 |  |
OCI: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net foreign currency translation adjustments | (186 | ) |  | — |  |  | (186 | ) |  | (186 | ) |  | — |  |  | (186 | ) |
Unrealized (losses) gains on investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding (losses) gains arising during the period | (841 | ) |  | (43 | ) |  | (798 | ) |  | 10,251 |  |  | (253 | ) |  | 10,504 |  |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net losses included in net income (1) | (540 | ) |  | (122 | ) |  | (418 | ) |  | (1,139 | ) |  | (332 | ) |  | (807 | ) |
Net unrealized (losses) gains on investments | (301 | ) |  | 79 |  |  | (380 | ) |  | 11,390 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 11,311 |  |
Activity related to investments recorded as assets held for sale (3) | (1,439 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (1,437 | ) |  | 382 |  |  | (124 | ) |  | 506 |  |
OCI | (1,926 | ) |  | 77 |  |  | (2,003 | ) |  | 11,586 |  |  | (45 | ) |  | 11,631 |  |
Balance at end of period | $ | 68,931 |  |  | $ | 19,917 |  |  | $ | 49,014 |  |  | $ | 68,931 |  |  | $ | 19,917 |  |  | $ | 49,014 |  |

_________________________

(1) | Included in net gains on investments and other financial instruments on our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

(2) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, this amount represents the recognition of investment gains included in income from discontinued operations, net of tax, as a result of the completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance on April 1, 2015. Previously, pursuant to accounting standards, such investment gains had been deferred and recorded in AOCI.

(3) | Represents the unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period on investments recorded as assets held for sale, net of reclassification adjustments for net gains (losses) included in net income from discontinued operations.

40

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
12. Income Taxes
We provide for income taxes in accordance with the provisions of the accounting standard regarding accounting for income taxes. As required under this standard, our DTAs and DTLs are recognized under the balance sheet method, which recognizes the future tax effect of temporary differences between the amounts recorded in our condensed consolidated financial statements and the tax bases of these amounts. DTAs and DTLs are measured using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which the DTA or DTL is expected to be realized or settled.
Our provision for income taxes for interim financial periods is based on an estimate of our annual effective tax rate for continuing operations for the full year. When estimating our full year 2015 and 2014 annual effective tax rate, we accounted for the tax effects of gains and losses on our investments, changes as a result of the accounting standard regarding the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes, and other adjustments discretely at the federal applicable tax rate. Our effective tax rate as of September 30, 2014 was also impacted by our full valuation allowance against our DTAs.
Our June 2015 purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 resulted in a pretax charge in the Statements of Operations of approximately $91.9 million. This included approximately $35.5 million of market premium related to the purchases of which approximately $28.9 million is estimated to be non-deductible for tax purposes and impacted our effective tax rate. Overall, we recorded an income tax benefit in the Statements of Operations of approximately $22.0 million related to these purchases as of September 30, 2015.
For federal income tax purposes, we had approximately $1.2 billion of NOL carryforwards and $1.3 million of foreign tax credit carryforwards as of September 30, 2015. To the extent not utilized, the NOL carryforwards will expire during tax years 2028 through 2032 and the foreign tax credit carryforwards will expire during tax years 2018 through 2020. Certain entities within our consolidated group have also generated DTAs of approximately $44.7 million relating to state and local NOL carryforwards, which if unutilized, will expire during various future tax periods.
We are required to establish a valuation allowance against our DTAs when it is more likely than not that all or some portion of our DTAs will not be realized. At each balance sheet date, we assess our need for a valuation allowance. Our assessment is based on all available evidence, both positive and negative. This requires management to exercise judgment and make assumptions regarding whether our DTAs will be realized in future periods. In making this assessment as of September 30, 2015, we determined that certain state and local NOLs, relating to non-insurance entities within our consolidated group, may not be realized during their appropriate carryforward period. Therefore, we have recorded a valuation allowance of approximately $32.3 million relating to these state and local NOL DTAs as of September 30, 2015.
As previously disclosed, we are contesting adjustments resulting from the examination by the IRS of our 2000 through 2007 consolidated federal income tax returns. The IRS opposes the recognition of certain tax losses and deductions that were generated through our investment in a portfolio of non-economic REMIC residual interests and proposed adjustments denying the associated tax benefits of these items. We appealed these proposed adjustments to Appeals and made “qualified deposits” with the U.S. Treasury of approximately $85 million in June 2008 relating to the 2000 through 2004 tax years and approximately $4 million in May 2010 relating to the 2005 through 2007 tax years in order to avoid the accrual of incremental above-market-rate interest with respect to the proposed adjustments.
We made several attempts to reach a compromised settlement with Appeals, but in January 2013, we were notified that Appeals had rejected our latest settlement offer and planned to issue formal Notices of Deficiency related to certain losses and deductions resulting from our investment in the portfolio of non-economic REMIC residual interests, as discussed above. On September 4, 2014, we received Notices of Deficiency covering the 2000 through 2007 tax years that assert unpaid taxes and penalties of approximately $157 million. The Deficiency Amount has not been reduced to reflect our NOL carryback ability. As of September 30, 2015, there also would be interest of approximately $122 million related to these matters. Depending on the outcome, additional state income taxes, penalties and interest (estimated in the aggregate to be approximately $31 million as of September 30, 2015) also may become due when a final resolution is reached. The Notices of Deficiency also reflected additional amounts due of approximately $105 million, which are primarily associated with the disallowance of the previously filed carryback of our 2008 NOL to the 2006 and 2007 tax years. We believe that the disallowance of our 2008 NOL carryback is a precautionary position by the IRS and that we will ultimately maintain the benefit of this NOL carryback claim.
41

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
On December 3, 2014, we petitioned the U.S. Tax Court to litigate the Deficiency Amount. On September 1, 2015, we received a notice that the case had been scheduled for trial commencing on February 1, 2016. However, the parties have jointly filed, and the U.S. Tax Court has approved, motions for continuance in this matter to postpone the trial date. The litigation could take several years to resolve and may result in substantial legal expenses. We can provide no assurance regarding the outcome of any such litigation or whether a compromised settlement with the IRS will ultimately be reached. We believe that an adequate provision for income taxes has been made for the potential liabilities that may result from this matter. However, if the ultimate resolution of this matter produces a result that differs materially from our current expectations, there could be a material impact on our effective tax rate, results of operations and cash flows.
13. Statutory Information
We prepare our statutory financial statements in accordance with the accounting practices required or permitted, if applicable, by the insurance departments of the respective states of domicile of our insurance subsidiaries. Required statutory accounting practices are established by a variety of publications of the NAIC as well as state laws, regulations and general administrative rules. In addition, insurance departments have the right to permit other specific practices that may deviate from prescribed practices. As of September 30, 2015, our use of any prescribed or permitted statutory accounting practices did not result in reported statutory surplus or risk-based capital being significantly different from what would have been reported if NAIC statutory accounting practices had been followed.
The state insurance regulations include various capital requirements and dividend restrictions based on our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory financial position and results of operations, as described below. Failure to maintain adequate levels of capital could lead to intervention by the various insurance regulatory authorities, which could materially and adversely affect our business, business prospects and financial condition. As of September 30, 2015, the amount of restricted net assets held by our consolidated insurance subsidiaries (which represents our equity investment in those insurance subsidiaries) totaled $2.7 billion of our consolidated net assets.
Radian Guaranty
Under state insurance regulations, Radian Guaranty is required to maintain minimum surplus levels and, in certain states, a minimum ratio of statutory capital relative to the level of net RIF, or Risk-to-capital. The sixteen RBC States currently impose a Statutory RBC Requirement. The most common Statutory RBC Requirement is that a mortgage insurer’s Risk-to-capital may not exceed 25 to 1. In certain of the RBC States, a mortgage insurer must satisfy an MPP Requirement. The statutory capital requirements for the non-RBC States are de minimis (ranging from $1 million to $5 million); however, the insurance laws of these states generally grant broad supervisory powers to state agencies or officials to enforce rules or exercise discretion affecting almost every significant aspect of the insurance business, including the power to revoke or restrict an insurance company’s ability to write new business. Unless an RBC State grants a waiver or other form of relief, if a mortgage insurer is not in compliance with the Statutory RBC Requirement of that state, the mortgage insurer may be prohibited from writing new mortgage insurance business in that state. Radian Guaranty’s domiciliary state, Pennsylvania, is not one of the RBC States. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and the year ended December 31, 2014, the RBC States accounted for approximately 56% of Radian Guaranty’s total primary NIW in each period.
Radian Guaranty was in compliance with the Statutory RBC Requirements or MPP Requirements, as applicable, in each of the RBC States as of September 30, 2015. See Note 1 for information regarding potential changes to the Model Act (which may result in more stringent Statutory RBC Requirements or MPP Requirements in states that adopt the Model Act) as well as the PMIERs for GSE eligibility.
42

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
Radian Guaranty’s Risk-to-capital calculation appears in the table below. For purposes of the Risk-to-capital calculation, as well as the Risk-to-capital requirements imposed by certain states, statutory capital is defined as the sum of statutory policyholders’ surplus (i.e., statutory capital and surplus) plus statutory contingency reserves.

| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
($ in millions) |  |  |
RIF, net (1) | $ | 33,398.3 |  |  | $ | 30,615.7 |
Statutory policyholders’ surplus | $ | 1,329.1 |  |  | $ | 1,325.2 |
Contingency reserve | 690.3 |  |  | 389.4 |
Statutory capital | $ | 2,019.4 |  |  | $ | 1,714.6 |
Risk-to-capital | 16.5:1 |  | 17.9:1

_______________________

(1) | Excludes risk ceded through reinsurance contracts (to third parties and affiliates) and RIF on defaulted loans.

The reduction in Radian Guaranty’s Risk-to-capital in the first nine months of 2015 was primarily due to increases in statutory net income, partially offset by an increase in net RIF at Radian Guaranty. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, Radian Guaranty had statutory net income of $390.0 million.
We have actively managed Radian Guaranty’s capital position in various ways, including: (1) through internal and external reinsurance arrangements; (2) by seeking opportunities to reduce our risk exposure through negotiated transactions; and (3) by contributing additional capital from Radian Group.
Radian Asset Assurance
Radian Asset Assurance was our financial guaranty subsidiary and was, until the April 1, 2015 sale date, domiciled and licensed in New York as a monoline financial guaranty insurer. It was also licensed under the New York insurance laws to write some types of surety insurance and credit insurance. See Note 2 for additional information related to discontinued operations.
14. Selected Financial Information of Registrant—Radian Group—Parent Company Only

(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Investment in subsidiaries, at equity in net assets | $ | 3,098,153 |  |  | $ | 2,746,915 |
Total assets | 3,964,605 |  |  | 3,741,648 |
Long-term debt | 1,230,246 |  |  | 1,192,299 |
Total liabilities | 1,521,298 |  |  | 1,569,898 |
Equity component of currently redeemable convertible senior notes | 7,737 |  |  | 74,690 |
Total stockholders’ equity | 2,435,570 |  |  | 2,097,060 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity | 3,964,605 |  |  | 3,741,648 |

43

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
15. Commitments and Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are routinely involved in a number of legal actions, regulatory inquiries, investigations and reviews, audits and other proceedings, the outcomes of which are uncertain. The legal proceedings could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, injunctions, restitutions or other relief that could require significant expenditures or have other effects on our business. In accordance with applicable accounting standards and guidance, we establish accruals for a legal proceeding only when we determine both that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. We accrue the amount that represents our best estimate of the probable loss; however, if we can only determine a range of estimated losses, we accrue an amount within the range that, in our judgment, reflects the most likely outcome, and if none of the estimates within the range is more likely, we accrue the minimum amount of the range.
In the course of our regular review of pending legal matters, we determine whether it is reasonably possible that a potential loss relating to a legal proceeding may have a material impact on our liquidity, results of operations or financial condition. If we determine such a loss is reasonably possible, we disclose information relating to such potential loss, including an estimate or range of loss or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. On a quarterly basis, we review relevant information with respect to legal loss contingencies and update our accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible losses or range of losses based on such reviews. We are often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by the court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts, and the progress of settlement negotiations. In addition, we generally make no disclosures for loss contingencies that are determined to be remote. For matters for which we disclose an estimated loss, the disclosed estimate reflects the reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amount accrued, if any.
Loss estimates are inherently subjective, based on currently available information, and are subject to management’s judgment and various assumptions. Due to the inherently subjective nature of these estimates and the uncertainty and unpredictability surrounding the outcome of legal and other proceedings, actual results may differ materially from any amounts that have been accrued.
As previously disclosed, we had been named as a defendant in certain putative class action lawsuits alleging, among other things, that our captive reinsurance agreements violated RESPA. The cases included The White Case, The Menichino Case and The Manners Case, as referenced in Note 17 of our 2014 Form 10-K. On March 25, 2015, Radian Guaranty and the plaintiffs in these putative class action lawsuits entered into a settlement agreement, pursuant to which the plaintiffs agreed to voluntarily dismiss their claims with prejudice and to fully release Radian Guaranty from any future claims related to the claims in these lawsuits.
We are involved in litigation that has arisen in the normal course of our business. We are contesting the allegations in each such pending action and management believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. However, the outcome of litigation and other legal and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, and it is possible that one or more of the matters currently pending or threatened could have an unanticipated adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for any particular period.
We are subject to regulatory inquiries, investigations and reviews. In the past, we and other mortgage insurers have been subject to inquiries from the Minnesota Department of Commerce requesting information relating to captive reinsurance. We have cooperated with these requests for information. In June 2015, Radian Guaranty executed a Consent Order with the Minnesota Department of Commerce that resolved the Minnesota Department of Commerce’s outstanding inquiries related to captive reinsurance arrangements involving mortgage insurance in Minnesota without any findings of wrongdoing. As part of the Consent Order, Radian Guaranty paid an immaterial amount to Minnesota and agreed not to enter into new captive reinsurance arrangements for a period of ten years ending in June 2025. We have not entered into any new captive reinsurance arrangements since 2007.
In June 2015, we and other mortgage insurers received a letter from the Wisconsin OCI requesting information pertaining to customized insurance rates and terms offered to mortgage insurance customers. We submitted a response to the Wisconsin OCI in June 2015, as requested. Although we believe we are in compliance with applicable Wisconsin state law requirements for mortgage guaranty insurance, we cannot predict the outcome of this matter or whether additional inquiries, actions or proceedings may be pursued against us by the Wisconsin OCI or other regulators.
44

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
On September 4, 2014, we received Notices of Deficiency covering the 2000 through 2007 tax years that assert unpaid taxes and penalties of approximately $157 million. The Deficiency Amount has not been reduced to reflect our NOL carryback ability. On December 3, 2014, we petitioned the U.S. Tax Court to litigate the Deficiency Amount. On September 1, 2015, we received a notice that the case had been scheduled for trial commencing on February 1, 2016. However, the parties have jointly filed, and the U.S. Tax Court has approved, motions for continuance in this matter to postpone the trial date. See Note 12 for additional information regarding this litigation.
Our Master Policies establish the timeline within which any suit or action arising from any right of an insured under the policy generally must be commenced. We continue to face a number of challenges from certain customers regarding our Loss Mitigation Activities, which have resulted in some reversals of our decisions regarding Rescissions, Claim Denials or Claim Curtailments. We are currently in discussions with some customers regarding our Loss Mitigation Activities and our claim payment practices, which if not resolved, could result in arbitration or judicial proceedings. See Note 9 for further information.
Further, we have identified loans in our total defaulted portfolio (in particular, our older defaulted portfolio) for which actions or proceedings such as foreclosure that provide the insured with title to the property may not have been commenced within the outermost deadline established in our Prior Master Policy. We currently are in discussions with the servicers for these loans regarding this potential violation and our corresponding rights under the Prior Master Policy. While we can provide no assurance regarding the outcome of these discussions or the ultimate resolution of these issues, it is possible that these discussions could result in arbitration or legal proceedings.
Other
Securities regulations became effective in 2005 that impose enhanced disclosure requirements on issuers of ABS (including mortgage-backed securities). To allow our customers to comply with these regulations at that time, we typically were required, depending on the amount of credit enhancement we were providing, to provide: (1) audited financial statements for the insurance subsidiary participating in the transaction; or (2) a full and unconditional holding company-level guarantee for our insurance subsidiaries’ obligations in such transactions. Radian Group has guaranteed two Structured Transactions for Radian Guaranty involving approximately $120.7 million of remaining credit exposure as of September 30, 2015.
As previously disclosed, Radian Asset Assurance, our former financial guaranty subsidiary, received a series of claims (€13.5 million, or $16.4 million, as of December 31, 2014) from one of its trade credit and surety ceding companies related to surety bonds for Spanish housing cooperative developments. This legal matter was part of our discontinued operations as of December 31, 2014, and was transferred to Assured at the completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance on April 1, 2015, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement. As a result, we no longer have any risk of loss associated with this matter.
45

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
16. Capital Stock
In June 2015, we entered into privately negotiated agreements with certain of the holders of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 to purchase an aggregate principal amount of $389.1 million of our outstanding Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 for a combination of cash and shares of Radian Group common stock. We funded the purchases with $126.8 million in cash (plus accrued and unpaid interest due on the purchased notes) and by issuing to the sellers approximately 28.4 million shares of Radian Group common stock. In connection with our purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017, we terminated a corresponding portion of the capped call transactions we had entered into in 2010 related to the initial issuance of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. As a result of this termination, we received total consideration of approximately $54.9 million, consisting of 2.3 million shares of Radian Group common stock and $12.0 million in cash. The shares of Radian Group common stock received were retired, resulting in a decrease in shares issued and outstanding and a corresponding increase in unissued shares.
On June 18, 2015, we reported that our board of directors had authorized an ASR program to repurchase an aggregate of $202 million of Radian Group common stock. Under the ASR program, the total number of shares ultimately delivered to Radian Group was based on the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of Radian Group common stock during the term of the transaction, less a negotiated discount and subject to certain other adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the program. During the three-month period ended June 30, 2015, 9.2 million initial shares were repurchased under this program. The counterparty delivered to Radian Group 1.8 million additional shares of Radian Group common stock at final settlement of the ASR program in August 2015, based on the calculated price of $18.32 during the term of the transaction. All share repurchases pursuant to the ASR program were funded in the second quarter of 2015 from the proceeds of the Senior Notes due 2020.
We also may purchase shares on the open market to meet option exercise obligations and to fund 401(k) matches and purchases under our ESPP.
17. Net Income Per Share
Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, while diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and all dilutive potential common shares outstanding. Dilutive potential common shares relate to our stock-based compensation arrangements and our outstanding convertible senior notes. For all calculations, the determination of whether potential common shares are dilutive or anti-dilutive is based on net income from continuing operations.
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Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
The calculation of the basic and diluted net income per share was as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net income from continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations - basic | $ | 70,091 |  |  | $ | 132,031 |  |  | $ | 207,011 |  |  | $ | 381,548 |
Adjustment for dilutive Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, net of tax (1) | 3,714 |  |  | 5,552 |  |  | 11,094 |  |  | 16,510 |
Net income from continuing operations - diluted | $ | 73,805 |  |  | $ | 137,583 |  |  | $ | 218,105 |  |  | $ | 398,058 |
Net income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations - basic | $ | 70,091 |  |  | $ | 132,031 |  |  | $ | 207,011 |  |  | $ | 381,548 |
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — |  |  | 21,559 |  |  | 5,385 |  |  | 149,634 |
Net income - basic | 70,091 |  |  | 153,590 |  |  | 212,396 |  |  | 531,182 |
Adjustment for dilutive Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, net of tax (1) | 3,714 |  |  | 5,552 |  |  | 11,094 |  |  | 16,510 |
Net income - diluted | $ | 73,805 |  |  | $ | 159,142 |  |  | $ | 223,490 |  |  | $ | 547,692 |
Average common shares outstanding - basic | 207,938 |  |  | 191,050 |  |  | 197,562 |  |  | 182,357 |
Dilutive effect of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 | 1,798 |  |  | 6,342 |  |  | 8,620 |  |  | 7,665 |
Dilutive effect of Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 | 37,736 |  |  | 37,736 |  |  | 37,736 |  |  | 37,736 |
Dilutive effect of stock-based compensation arrangements (2) | 3,323 |  |  | 2,939 |  |  | 3,075 |  |  | 2,904 |
Adjusted average common shares outstanding - diluted | 250,795 |  |  | 238,067 |  |  | 246,993 |  |  | 230,662 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.69 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.09 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.11 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 0.82 |
Net income | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 0.80 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 2.91 |
Diluted: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.58 |  |  | $ | 0.88 |  |  | $ | 1.73 |
Income from discontinued operations | — |  |  | 0.09 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.64 |
Net income | $ | 0.29 |  |  | $ | 0.67 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |  |  | $ | 2.37 |

________________

(1) | As applicable, includes coupon interest, amortization of discount and fees, and other changes in income or loss that would result from the assumed conversion.

(2) | The following number of shares of our common stock equivalents issued under our stock-based compensation arrangements were not included in the calculation of net income per share because they were anti-dilutive:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Shares of common stock equivalents | 469 |  | 557 |  | 730 |  | 557

47

Radian Group Inc.
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements — (Continued)
18. Subsequent Event
On November 3, 2015, Radian Guaranty entered into a 15-year operating lease agreement for approximately 150,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This agreement commences on September 1, 2017, with payments beginning in December 2018, and replaces our existing lease for our corporate headquarters when it expires in August 2017. The expected obligation for base rental payments under the new lease agreement is approximately $3.5 million per year, with equal annual escalations to a total of approximately $4.6 million per year by the end of the lease term. Total base rent payable over the lease period is approximately $61 million. In addition to the base rent payments, the Company will be obligated to pay certain customary amounts for its share of operating expenses and tax obligations. Although a tenant improvement allowance is provided in the agreement, the Company may also incur additional costs to further improve the space to its specifications. The Company has an option to extend the term of the lease for an additional five-year period.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report, and our audited annual financial statements, notes thereto and MD&A included in our 2014 Form 10-K, for a more complete understanding of our financial position and results of operations. Certain terms and acronyms used throughout this report are defined in the Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms included as part of this report. In addition, investors should review the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements—Safe Harbor Provisions” above and the “Risk Factors” detailed in Item 1A of our 2014 Form 10-K and in Item 1A of Part II of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q filed during 2015, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a discussion of those risks and uncertainties that have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects in a material and adverse manner. Our results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any other period.
Overview
We provide mortgage insurance on First-liens, and products and services to the mortgage and real estate industries. We currently have two business segments—Mortgage Insurance and Services. Our Mortgage Insurance segment provides credit-related insurance coverage, principally through private mortgage insurance, to mortgage lending institutions. We conduct our mortgage insurance business primarily through Radian Guaranty, our principal mortgage insurance subsidiary. Our Services segment provides services and solutions to the mortgage and real estate industries primarily through Clayton, which we acquired on June 30, 2014, and its subsidiaries, including Green River Capital and Red Bell.
Operating Environment and Business Strategy
As a seller of mortgage credit protection and mortgage and real estate products and services, our results are subject to macroeconomic conditions and specific events that impact the mortgage origination environment and the credit performance of our underlying insured assets. The financial crisis and the downturn in the housing and related credit markets that began in 2007 had a significant negative impact on the operating environment and results of operations for our businesses. More recently, this operating environment has improved as the U.S. economy and housing market have been recovering, evidenced by a reduction in unemployment, a reduction in foreclosures, and appreciation in home prices. The credit performance of loans originated after 2008 is significantly better than that of the loans in our Legacy Portfolio. In response to the financial crisis, including the adoption of new lending laws and regulations, credit for home financing has remained restrictive, and post-2008 loan originations have consisted primarily of high credit quality loans. At the same time, while credit quality has been improving, the restrictive credit environment has made it more challenging for many first-time home buyers to finance a home, which has limited the growth of the mortgage industry.
Since the beginning of 2009, we have written approximately $198 billion of NIW in this improving environment, which has contributed to our Legacy Portfolio declining significantly as a proportion of our total mortgage insurance portfolio. Our NIW increased more than 18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014. As of September 30, 2015, our Legacy Portfolio, excluding HARP refinancings, had been reduced to approximately 17% of our total primary RIF. Our portfolio of business written since the beginning of 2009, including HARP refinancings, represented approximately 83% of our total primary RIF as of September 30, 2015. See Results of Operations—Mortgage Insurance—NIW, IIF, RIF.
Further, the improving environment has contributed to a reduction in our incurred losses and claims submitted and paid in our mortgage insurance business. The number of new primary mortgage insurance defaults, net of defaults that defaulted but were cured within the same period, declined by 19% in the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period of 2014. Similarly, our primary default rate of 4.1% at September 30, 2015 declined from 5.4% at September 30, 2014. As the negative impact from losses in our Legacy Portfolio has been reduced and we have continued to write a high volume of insurance on high credit quality loans, our results of operations have improved.
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The improvement in macroeconomic and credit trends has encouraged new entrants into the private mortgage insurance industry, while improving the financial strength of existing private mortgage insurers. This has resulted in an increasingly competitive environment for private mortgage insurers. Our competitors include other private mortgage insurers and the FHA. We compete on the basis of price, terms and conditions, customer relationships, perceived financial strength and overall service. Price competition among private mortgage insurers is intense and private mortgage insurers have increased their use of programs that offer customized rates for individual lenders on mortgage insurance products, primarily with respect to rates for lender-paid Single Premium Policies. Our use of these programs for lender-paid Single Premium Policies has resulted in premium rates for certain lenders that are less than our standard rates. While we have increased the utilization of reduced rates for Single Premium Policies in 2015, it has not had a significant impact on our overall premium rates or returns.
On June 30, 2015, the GSEs updated the PMIERs Financial Requirements to increase the amount of Available Assets required for loans originated on or after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA. Assuming no change to our product mix, this update would apply to a significant portion of the Single Premium Policies that we would expect to write in the future, and therefore would increase the amount of Available Assets Radian Guaranty is required to hold on these future originations. Although we can provide no assurance, it is reasonably possible that the PMIERs Financial Requirements, in particular with respect to Single Premium Policies affected by the June updates, may temper some of the aggressive pricing strategies currently being employed in the industry. We continue to monitor the market to assess the impact of the PMIERs Financial Requirements on pricing and product offerings, and to refine our strategy for maintaining an appropriate mix of business, a strong share of the insured market and attractive levels of returns on capital within our target ranges. See 2015 Developments—Final PMIERs for additional information.
Our Services segment provides a diverse array of services to participants in multiple facets of the residential mortgage and real estate finance markets, and therefore, is well positioned to generate revenue in both healthy and distressed mortgage market conditions. Historically, a significant portion of Clayton’s revenue was generated from activities related to non-agency RMBS issuance, which has been limited in recent years. We believe that the potential re-emergence of the non-agency RMBS market represents a significant long-term growth opportunity for our Services segment. In addition, our Services segment has recently experienced revenue growth from its products serving the single family rental market, which has experienced rapid growth over the past few years. As the single family rental market is an emerging market, we expect that the revenues from our products serving this market may fluctuate as the market evolves over the next few years.
Currently, our business strategy is focused on: (1) continuing to grow our Mortgage Insurance business by writing insurance on high-quality mortgages in the U.S.; (2) leveraging our Services segment product offerings to deepen our mortgage insurance customer relationships; (3) growing our fee-based revenues as a percentage of Radian’s total revenues, primarily by expanding our presence in the real estate and mortgage finance industries; (4) continuing to manage losses and reduce our Legacy Portfolio; and (5) continuing to effectively manage our capital and liquidity positions, including to ensure compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements and other regulatory requirements, and to strengthen our balance sheet and improve our debt maturity profile with the objective of regaining investment-grade credit ratings in the future. See Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the PMIERs.
2015 Developments
BofA Settlement Agreement. Implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement commenced on February 1, 2015 for Subject Loans held in portfolio by the Insureds or purchased by the GSEs as of that date. Approximately 12% of the Subject Loans are neither held in portfolio by the Insureds nor owned by the GSEs, and required the consent of certain other investors for these loans to be included in the BofA Settlement Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, most of such other investors provided consent, and therefore, the associated implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement has commenced with respect to these loans. Our previous reserve assumptions assumed that these consents would be obtained. See Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K for additional information about the BofA Settlement Agreement.
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Sale of Radian Asset Assurance. On April 1, 2015, Radian Guaranty completed the previously disclosed sale of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Radian Asset Assurance to Assured, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement. See Note 2 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to discontinued operations.
Final PMIERs. On April 17, 2015, the FHFA issued the final PMIERs, setting forth revised requirements for private mortgage insurers, including Radian Guaranty, to remain eligible insurers of loans purchased by the GSEs. The PMIERs were further updated on June 30, 2015 to increase the amount of Available Assets required for loans originated on or after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA. Once they become effective for existing eligible mortgage insurers on December 31, 2015, the PMIERs Financial Requirements will replace the capital adequacy standards under the current GSE eligibility requirements. See Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the PMIERs.
Based on our current estimates of Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets as of December 31, 2015, we expect Radian Guaranty to be positioned to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements by utilizing a portion of our holding company liquidity. We are actively considering alternatives to optimize the use of our holding company liquidity to support Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. These alternatives could take the form of direct contributions of cash and securities or the potential use of surplus notes. See Liquidity and Capital Resources—Radian Group—Short-Term Liquidity Needs for additional information.
The implementation of the final PMIERs (as updated on June 30, 2015) will: (1) increase the amount of capital that Radian Guaranty is required to hold, and therefore, reduce our current returns on subsidiary capital; (2) potentially impact the type and volume of business that Radian Guaranty and other private mortgage insurers are willing to write; (3) impose extensive and more stringent operational requirements in areas such as claim processing, loss mitigation, document retention, underwriting, quality control, reporting and monitoring, among others, that may result in additional costs to achieve and maintain compliance; and (4) require the consent of the GSEs for Radian Guaranty to take certain actions such as paying dividends, entering into various intercompany agreements, and commuting or reinsuring risk, among others.
Debt and Equity Transactions. During the second quarter of 2015, Radian Group successfully completed a series of transactions to strengthen its capital position, including to reduce its overall cost of capital and to improve the maturity profile of its debt. This series of transactions had four components:

• | the issuance of $350 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2020;

• | the purchases of approximately $389.1 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017;

• | the termination of a corresponding portion of the capped call transactions related to the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017; and

• | the entry into an ASR program to repurchase an aggregate of $202 million of Radian Group common stock.

See Notes 10 and 16 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the individual transactions.
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The purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 resulted in a loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment of approximately $91.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. As a result of the combined impact of the purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 and the issuance of Senior Notes due 2020, Radian expects a net reduction of $38.7 million in interest and amortization expense between the closing date of the purchases and November 15, 2017, the original maturity date of the purchased notes. We also received total consideration of approximately $54.9 million from the termination of the capped call transactions related to the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017, consisting of 2.3 million shares of Radian Group common stock and $12.0 million in cash. In accordance with the accounting standards regarding equity and contracts in an entity’s own equity, the total consideration received was recorded as an increase to additional paid-in capital.
During the three-month period ended June 30, 2015, 9.2 million initial shares were repurchased under the ASR program. The counterparty delivered to Radian Group 1.8 million additional shares of Radian Group common stock at final settlement of the ASR program in August 2015. The shares of Radian Group common stock received pursuant to the ASR and the termination of the capped call transactions were retired, resulting in a decrease in shares issued and outstanding and a corresponding increase in unissued shares.
In the aggregate, these recent debt and equity transactions, including the ASR program, resulted in:

• | a net increase in available holding company liquidity of approximately $25.0 million;

• | a net increase in long-term debt of approximately $16.0 million, excluding the impact of the reclassification of unamortized debt issuance costs;

• | a net decrease in the equity component of currently redeemable convertible senior notes of approximately $55.0 million; and

• | a net increase in stockholders’ equity of approximately $89.2 million.

The ASR program was implemented to reduce the dilutive impact of the shares issued in connection with our purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. The capital-strengthening transactions listed above, including the ASR program, resulted in a net increase in diluted shares outstanding of approximately 1.1%. This net impact reflects the fact that a portion of the dilution for the incremental shares issued related to the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 had been included in the calculations of diluted shares outstanding for prior periods in accordance with GAAP.
Following the purchases of a portion of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 as described above, approximately $60.9 million of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 remained outstanding as of September 30, 2015.
Services Acquisitions. During the first quarter of 2015, Clayton acquired Red Bell, a real estate brokerage company. See Notes 1 and 6 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding this acquisition. In addition, in October 2015, Clayton acquired ValuAmerica, Inc., a national title agency and appraisal management company with a technology platform that helps mortgage lenders and their vendors streamline and manage their supply chains and operational workflow. These acquisitions expand Clayton’s scope of services and are consistent with our strategy to be a complete solution provider to the mortgage and real estate industries.
Key Factors Affecting Our Results
Key factors affecting our results are discussed in our 2014 Form 10-K. The following information provides an update to certain information that was previously provided.
Financial Guaranty and Discontinued Operations
Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement. Radian completed the sale of Radian Asset Assurance to Assured on April 1, 2015, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of December 22, 2014. As a result, until the April 1, 2015 sale date, the operating results of Radian Asset Assurance continued to be classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Previously, Radian Asset Assurance had represented substantially all of the financial guaranty segment; therefore, we no longer report a financial guaranty business segment. Prior periods have been revised to conform to the current period presentation for these changes.
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Radian Asset Assurance provided direct insurance and reinsurance on credit-based risks. The assets and liabilities associated with Radian Asset Assurance historically were a source of significant volatility to Radian’s results of operations, due to various factors including fluctuations in fair value and credit risk. Since the purchase price was not subject to adjustment between December 31, 2014 and the closing date for the impact of: (i) Radian Asset Assurance’s results of operations; (ii) changes in valuation; or (iii) market conditions, the after-tax impact of such changes reflected in income (loss) from operations of businesses held for sale were substantially offset by the resulting change in loss on classification as held for sale. Investment gains previously deferred and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income were recognized as a result of the completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance to Assured on April 1, 2015.
For additional information related to discontinued operations, see Note 2 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Results of Operations—Consolidated
Radian Group serves as the holding company for our operating subsidiaries and does not have any significant operations of its own. Our consolidated operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily reflect the financial results and performance of our two business segments—Mortgage Insurance and Services. See “—Results of Operations—Mortgage Insurance” and “—Results of Operations—Services” for the operating results of these business segments for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015.
In addition to the results of our operating segments, pretax income (loss) is also affected by those factors described in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—“Key Factors Affecting Our Results” in our 2014 Form 10-K, and updated by “—Key Factors Affecting Our Results” above. For more information regarding items that are excluded from the operating results of our operating segments, see “—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below.
We allocate to our Mortgage Insurance segment: (i) corporate expenses based on an allocated percentage of time spent on the Mortgage Insurance segment; (ii) all interest expense except for interest expense related to the Senior Notes due 2019 that were issued to fund our purchase of Clayton; (iii) for periods prior to the April 1, 2015 sale of Radian Asset Assurance, corporate income and expenses that were previously allocated to our financial guaranty segment and were not allocated to discontinued operations; and (iv) all corporate cash and investments.
We allocate to our Services segment: (i) corporate expenses based on an allocated percentage of time spent on the Services segment; and (ii) all interest expense related to the Senior Notes due 2019, the proceeds of which were used to fund our acquisition of Clayton. No corporate cash or investments are allocated to the Services segment. We have included Clayton’s results of operations from the June 30, 2014 date of acquisition.
Effective with the fourth quarter of 2014, our Services segment undertook the management responsibilities of certain additional loan servicer surveillance functions that were previously considered part of our Mortgage Insurance segment. As a result, these services and activities are now reported in our Services segment for all periods presented.
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The following table highlights selected information related to our consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

|  |  |  |  | $ Change |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable) |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 vs. 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 vs. 2014
Net income from continuing operations | $ | 70.1 |  |  | $ | 132.0 |  |  | $ | (61.9 | ) |  | $ | 207.0 |  |  | $ | 381.5 |  |  | $ | (174.5 | )
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | — |  |  | 21.6 |  |  | (21.6 | ) |  | 5.4 |  |  | 149.6 |  |  | (144.2 | )
Net income | 70.1 |  |  | 153.6 |  |  | (83.5 | ) |  | 212.4 |  |  | 531.2 |  |  | (318.8 | )
Net premiums earned—insurance | 227.4 |  |  | 217.8 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 689.5 |  |  | 620.2 |  |  | 69.3 |
Services revenue | 42.2 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 116.3 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | 74.1 |
Net investment income | 22.1 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 58.7 |  |  | 49.1 |  |  | 9.6 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments | 3.9 |  |  | (6.3 | ) |  | 10.2 |  |  | 49.1 |  |  | 62.0 |  |  | (12.9 | )
Provision for losses | 64.2 |  |  | 48.9 |  |  | (15.3 | ) |  | 141.8 |  |  | 163.2 |  |  | 21.4 |
Direct cost of services | 24.9 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  | 67.7 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | (43.8 | )
Other operating expenses | 65.1 |  |  | 51.2 |  |  | (13.9 | ) |  | 186.6 |  |  | 166.5 |  |  | (20.1 | )
Interest expense | 21.2 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 70.1 |  |  | 66.3 |  |  | (3.8 | )
Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91.9 |  |  | — |  |  | (91.9 | )
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets | 3.3 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | — |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | 3.3 |  |  | (6.3 | )
Income tax provision (benefit) | 45.6 |  |  | (15.5 | ) |  | (61.1 | ) |  | 126.1 |  |  | (45.1 | ) |  | (171.2 | )
Adjusted pretax operating income (1) | 115.6 |  |  | 125.8 |  |  | (10.2 | ) |  | 386.8 |  |  | 283.9 |  |  | 102.9 |

________________________

(1) | See “—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure” below.

Net Income from Continuing Operations. As discussed in more detail below, our net income from continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was lower compared to the same periods in 2014, primarily due to the change in income tax provision. As a result of the reversal of substantially all of our deferred tax valuation allowance in the fourth quarter of 2014, we recorded an income tax provision in both periods of 2015, in contrast to recording an income tax benefit in both periods of 2014. Our net income from continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the same period in 2014, also reflects a loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment that was partially offset by an increase in net premiums earned on insurance. See “—Results of Operations—Mortgage Insurance” and “—Results of Operations—Services” for more information on our segment results.
Income from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax. Radian completed the sale of Radian Asset Assurance to Assured on April 1, 2015, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement. As a result, until the April 1, 2015 sale date, the operating results of Radian Asset Assurance continued to be classified as discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. The divestiture of our financial guaranty business was part of Radian’s strategy to focus its business on the mortgage and real estate markets and to comply with the PMIERs.
The income or loss from discontinued operations consists of three components: (i) loss on classification as held for sale; (ii) income from operations of businesses held for sale; and (iii) income tax provision. The assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations historically were a source of significant volatility to Radian’s results of operations, due to various factors including fluctuations in fair value and credit risk. Since the purchase price was not subject to adjustment between December 31, 2014 and the closing date for the impact of: (i) Radian Asset Assurance’s results of operations; (ii) changes in valuation; or (iii) market conditions, the after-tax impact of such changes reflected in income (loss) from operations of businesses held for sale were substantially offset by the resulting change in loss on classification as held for sale.
We recorded net income from discontinued operations of $5.4 million in the first six months of 2015, consisting primarily of the recognition of investment gains previously deferred and recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income and recognized as a result of the completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance to Assured on April 1, 2015, as well as adjustments to estimated transaction costs and taxes. There were no amounts recorded in the third quarter of 2015 related to discontinued operations. No general corporate overhead or interest expense was allocated to discontinued operations in 2015 or 2014.
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For additional information related to discontinued operations, see Note 2 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Services Revenue and Direct Cost of Services. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, services revenue and direct cost of services represent amounts related to our Services segment. See “—Results of Operations—Services” below for more information.
Net Investment Income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, net investment income represents investment income from investments held at Radian Group that are allocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment and investment income from investments held by the Mortgage Insurance segment. See “—Results of Operations—Mortgage Insurance” for more information.
Net Gains (Losses) on Investments and Other Financial Instruments. The components of the net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments for the periods indicated are as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net unrealized gains (losses) related to change in fair value of trading securities and other investments | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | (6.0 | ) |  | $ | (9.1 | ) |  | $ | 70.6 |
Net realized gains (losses) on sales | 2.4 |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 58.3 |  |  | (5.4 | )
Net losses on other financial instruments | (0.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (3.2 | )
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | (6.3 | ) |  | $ | 49.1 |  |  | $ | 62.0 |

During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we sold equity securities in our portfolio and reinvested the proceeds in assets that qualify as PMIERs-compliant Available Assets, recognizing pretax gains of $68.7 million.
Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 include the expense related to grants of new equity-settled long-term incentive awards, primarily due to the acceleration of such expense for retirement-eligible employees, as well as a reduction in ceding commissions related to the QSR Transactions, as compared to the same period in 2014. Other operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the same period in 2014, reflect an increase due to the acquisition of Clayton, a decrease in the ceding commissions related to the QSR Transactions and an increase in outside consulting costs. These impacts were partially offset by a reduction in the impact of the estimated fair value of cash-settled equity-based long-term incentive awards that were valued, in large part, relative to the price of Radian Group’s common stock. Substantially all of these awards vested in June 2015. Therefore, although these awards had produced significant volatility due to their valuation relative to Radian Group’s common stock price, now that substantially all of the awards have vested, this expense volatility is not expected in the future.
Interest Expense. In May 2014, we issued $300 million principal amount of 5.500% Senior Notes due June 2019, which resulted in increased interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014. In June 2015, we issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% Senior Notes due 2020, which resulted in increased interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014. These increases were offset by a reduction in interest expense due to the June 2015 purchases of an aggregate principal amount of $389.1 million of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. See Note 10 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Loss on Induced Conversion and Debt Extinguishment. Our June 2015 purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 resulted in a loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment of approximately $91.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, consisting of: (i) an inducement expense of approximately $35.5 million, representing the excess of the fair value of the total consideration delivered for the purchases of the convertible notes over the fair value of securities issuable pursuant to the original conversion terms; (ii) a loss on extinguishment of debt of approximately $52.3 million, representing the excess of the fair value over the carrying amount of the notes; and (iii) expenses totaling $4.1 million both for transaction costs on the conversion and for the remaining unamortized debt issuance costs on the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017.
Amortization and Impairment of Intangible Assets. The amortization and impairment of intangible assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 primarily reflects the amortization of intangible assets acquired as part of the Clayton acquisition.
55

Income Tax Provision (Benefit). The effective tax rate for our income tax provision from continuing operations was 39.4% and 37.9% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared to an effective tax rate for our income tax benefit of 13.3% and 13.4% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively. The change from our statutory tax rate of 35% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 was primarily due to the impact of the non-deductible portion of the premium associated with the purchases of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 on our annual effective tax rate. Additionally, the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 were impacted by the accounting standard regarding the accounting for uncertainty of income taxes and state and local income taxes. The change from our statutory tax rate of 35% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 was primarily due to changes in our overall valuation allowance against our deferred tax assets. See Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measure. In addition to the traditional GAAP financial measures, we have presented a non-GAAP financial measure for the consolidated company, “adjusted pretax operating income (loss),” among our key performance indicators to evaluate our fundamental financial performance. This non-GAAP financial measure aligns with the way the Company’s business performance is evaluated by both management and Radian Group’s board of directors. This measure has been established in order to increase transparency for the purposes of evaluating our core operating trends and enabling more meaningful comparisons with our peers. Although on a consolidated basis “adjusted pretax operating income (loss)” is a non-GAAP financial measure, we believe this measure aids in understanding the underlying performance of our operations. Our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (the Company’s chief operating decision maker), uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of each of the Company’s business segments and to allocate resources to the segments.
Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) adjusts GAAP pretax income (loss) from continuing operations to remove the effects of: net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments; loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment; acquisition-related expenses; amortization and impairment of intangible assets; and net impairment losses recognized in earnings.
Although adjusted pretax operating income (loss) excludes certain items that have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future, the excluded items represent those that are: (1) not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities; or (2) not expected to result in an economic impact equal to the amount reflected in pretax income (loss) from continuing operations. These adjustments, along with the reasons for their treatment, are described below.

(1) | Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments. The recognition of realized investment gains or losses can vary significantly across periods as the activity is highly discretionary based on the timing of individual securities sales due to such factors as market opportunities, our tax and capital profile and overall market cycles. Unrealized investment gains and losses arise primarily from changes in the market value of our investments that are classified as trading. These valuation adjustments may not necessarily result in economic gains or losses.

Trends in the profitability of our fundamental operating activities can be more clearly identified without the fluctuations of these realized and unrealized gains or losses. We do not view them to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities. Therefore, these items are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss). However, we include the change in expected economic loss or recovery associated with our consolidated VIEs, if any, in the calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(2) | Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment. Gains or losses on early extinguishment of debt or losses incurred to purchase our convertible debt prior to maturity are discretionary activities that are undertaken in order to take advantage of market opportunities to strengthen our financial and capital positions; therefore, these activities are not viewed as part of our operating performance. Such transactions do not reflect expected future operations and do not provide meaningful insight regarding our current or past operating trends. Therefore, these items are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(3) | Acquisition-related expenses. Acquisition-related expenses represent the costs incurred to effect an acquisition of a business (i.e., a business combination). Because we pursue acquisitions on a strategic and selective basis and not in the ordinary course of our business, we do not view acquisition-related expenses as a consequence of a primary business activity. Therefore, we do not consider these expenses to be part of our operating performance and they are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

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(4) | Amortization and impairment of intangible assets. Amortization of intangible assets represents the periodic expense required to amortize the cost of intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life are also periodically reviewed for potential impairment, and impairment adjustments are made whenever appropriate. These charges are not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities and therefore are excluded from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

(5) | Net impairment losses recognized in earnings. The recognition of net impairment losses on investments can vary significantly in both size and timing, depending on market credit cycles. We do not view these impairment losses to be indicative of our fundamental operating activities. Therefore, whenever these losses occur, we exclude them from our calculation of adjusted pretax operating income (loss).

Total adjusted pretax operating income (loss) is not a measure of total profitability, and therefore should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP pretax income (loss) from continuing operations. Our definition of adjusted pretax operating income (loss) may not be comparable to similarly-named measures reported by other companies.
The following table provides a reconciliation of our non-GAAP financial measure for the consolidated company, adjusted pretax operating income, to the most comparable GAAP measure, pretax income from continuing operations:

Reconciliation of Consolidated Non-GAAP Financial Measure
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Adjusted pretax operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage Insurance (1) | $ | 115,905 |  |  | $ | 121,251 |  |  | $ | 387,223 |  |  | $ | 280,600 |
Services | (279 | ) |  | 4,590 |  |  | (436 | ) |  | 3,338 |
Total adjusted pretax operating income | 115,626 |  |  | 125,841 |  |  | 386,787 |  |  | 283,938 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments (2) | 3,868 |  |  | (6,484 | ) |  | 49,095 |  |  | 62,135 |
Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (91,887 | ) |  | — |
Acquisition-related expenses | (525 | ) |  | 432 |  |  | (1,299 | ) |  | (6,300 | )
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets | (3,273 | ) |  | (3,294 | ) |  | (9,577 | ) |  | (3,294 | )
Consolidated pretax income from continuing operations | $ | 115,685 |  |  | $ | 116,495 |  |  | $ | 333,119 |  |  | $ | 336,479 |

________________________

(1) | For periods prior to the April 1, 2015 sale of Radian Asset Assurance, includes certain corporate income and expenses that have been reallocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment. These amounts represent items that were previously allocated to the former financial guaranty segment, but were not reclassified to discontinued operations. See Note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

(2) | The change in expected economic loss or recovery associated with our previously owned VIEs is included in adjusted pretax operating income above, although it represents amounts that are not included in net income. Therefore, for purposes of this reconciliation, net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments has been adjusted by income of $0.2 million and a loss of $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, to reverse this item.

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Results of Operations—Mortgage Insurance
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
The following table summarizes our Mortgage Insurance segment’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

|  |  |  |  | $ Change |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable) |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 vs. 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 vs. 2014
Adjusted pretax operating income (1) | $ | 115.9 |  |  | $ | 121.3 |  |  | $ | (5.4 | ) |  | $ | 387.2 |  |  | $ | 280.6 |  |  | $ | 106.6 |
Net premiums written—insurance | 242.2 |  |  | 245.8 |  |  | (3.6 | ) |  | 735.2 |  |  | 680.7 |  |  | 54.5 |
Net premiums earned—insurance | 227.5 |  |  | 217.8 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 689.5 |  |  | 620.2 |  |  | 69.3 |
Net investment income | 22.1 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 58.7 |  |  | 49.1 |  |  | 9.6 |
Provision for losses | 64.1 |  |  | 48.9 |  |  | (15.2 | ) |  | 141.6 |  |  | 163.2 |  |  | 21.6 |
Other operating expenses | 51.5 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | (9.3 | ) |  | 149.7 |  |  | 149.2 |  |  | (0.5 | )
Interest expense | 16.8 |  |  | 19.5 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 56.8 |  |  | 61.8 |  |  | 5.0 |

________________________

(1) | Our senior management uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of each of the Company’s business segments.

Adjusted Pretax Operating Income. Our Mortgage Insurance segment’s adjusted pretax operating income decreased slightly for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014, primarily reflecting an increase in provision for losses and an increase in other operating expenses, partially offset by an increase in net premiums earned, as explained in more detail below.
Adjusted pretax operating income increased significantly for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014, primarily reflecting: (i) an increase in net premiums earned; and (ii) a reduction in provision for losses, as explained in more detail below.
NIW, IIF, RIF
A key component of our current business strategy is to grow our mortgage insurance business by writing insurance on high-quality mortgages in the U.S. Consistent with this objective, we wrote $11.2 billion and $32.3 billion of primary new mortgage insurance in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared to $11.2 billion and $27.3 billion in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.
The increase in NIW of more than 18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2014 is primarily attributable to an increase in mortgage originations overall, as well as the percentage of originations with mortgage insurance. During this time period, recovery in wage and job growth supported increased home purchase mortgage volume, and low interest rates continued to drive refinance activity at higher levels than in the comparable periods of 2014. At the same time, the penetration rates of both private mortgage insurers and the FHA in the overall insured mortgage market increased, resulting in a mortgage insurance market that is larger for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 than for the same period in 2014. While the overall mortgage insurance market has increased during the first nine months of 2015, the FHA’s market share has increased relative to the aggregate market share of private mortgage insurers. In January 2015, the FHA reduced its annual mortgage insurance premium by 50 basis points to approximately 85 basis points per year. The FHA’s upfront mortgage insurance premium was not changed. The FHA reduction on annual premiums may impact our ability to compete with the FHA on certain high LTV loans to borrowers with FICO scores below 720.
Due to the increasingly competitive environment, price competition among private mortgage insurers has intensified, including increased usage of programs that offer customized rates. We continue to monitor these competitive factors while balancing both profitability and market share considerations in developing our pricing and origination strategies. Although it remains difficult to project future NIW, based on our growth in NIW during the first nine months of 2015 and current mortgage origination projections from the Mortgage Bankers Association and other sources, we expect that our new business volume for 2015 will exceed $40 billion, surpassing our 2014 level of $37.3 billion.
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Since 2009, virtually all of our new mortgage insurance business production has been prime business. FICO scores for the borrowers of these insured mortgages are higher, and the average LTV on these mortgages is lower compared to mortgages in our Legacy Portfolio. Our portfolio of business written since the beginning of 2009 has been steadily increasing in proportion to our total primary RIF. The loans from our 2009 and later origination years possess significantly improved credit characteristics compared to our Legacy Portfolio. In addition, refinancings under the HARP programs (discussed below) have had a positive impact on the overall credit quality and composition of our mortgage insurance portfolio given that the refinancing generally results in terms under which a borrower has a greater ability to pay and more financial flexibility to cover the loan obligations. As shown in the chart below, the sum of our 2009 through 2015 portfolios and our HARP refinancings accounted for approximately 83% of our total primary RIF at September 30, 2015, compared to 79% at December 31, 2014.
The growth of our portfolio written since the beginning of 2009, together with continued improvement in the portfolio as a result of HARP refinancings (discussed below), among other things, has contributed to the significant improvement in the credit quality of our overall mortgage insurance portfolio. Because our expected future losses on our mortgage insurance portfolio written since the beginning of 2009 and our HARP refinancings are significantly lower than those experienced on our Legacy Portfolio, the changing composition of our overall mortgage insurance portfolio has led to improvement in our Mortgage Insurance segment’s operating profitability.
In 2009, the GSEs began offering the Home Affordable Refinance Program (“HARP”), which allows a borrower who is not delinquent to refinance a mortgage if the borrower has been unable to take advantage of lower interest rates because the borrower’s home has decreased in value. We exclude HARP loans from our NIW for the period in which the refinance occurs. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, new HARP loans accounted for $0.6 billion of newly refinanced loans that were not included in Radian Guaranty’s NIW for the period, compared to $1.4 billion for the same period of 2014.
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The following tables provide selected information as of and for the periods indicated related to mortgage insurance NIW, RIF and IIF. Policy years represent the original policy years, and have not been adjusted to reflect subsequent HARP refinancing activity. Primary RIF and IIF amounts at September 30, 2015 include $361 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, related to loans that are subject to the Freddie Mac Agreement. Although we no longer have future claim liability on these loans, we continue to receive premiums on the related loans and the insurance remains in force; therefore, these loans are included in our primary RIF and IIF.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Total Primary NIW | $ | 11,176 |  |  | $ | 11,210 |  |  | $ | 32,312 |  |  | $ | 27,340 |

As a percentage of our total NIW, the level of our refinance originations has increased and the purchase origination volume has decreased during the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period of 2014. Because purchase borrowers tend to have lower FICO scores than refinancings, the FICO score distribution of our NIW has generally remained heavily concentrated in relatively higher level FICO scores.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Total primary NIW by FICO Score |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
>=740 | $ | 6,822 |  |  | 61.0 | % |  | $ | 6,900 |  |  | 61.6 | % |  | $ | 20,195 |  |  | 62.5 | % |  | $ | 17,014 |  |  | 62.2 | %
680-739 | 3,567 |  |  | 31.9 |  |  | 3,503 |  |  | 31.2 |  |  | 10,027 |  |  | 31.0 |  |  | 8,471 |  |  | 31.0 |
620-679 | 787 |  |  | 7.1 |  |  | 807 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 2,090 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 1,855 |  |  | 6.8 |
Total Primary | $ | 11,176 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 11,210 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 32,312 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 27,340 |  |  | 100.0 | %

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Percentage of primary NIW |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Monthly premiums | 73 | % |  | 72 | % |  | 68 | % |  | 74 | %
Single premiums | 27 | % |  | 28 | % |  | 32 | % |  | 26 | %
Refinances | 13 | % |  | 16 | % |  | 22 | % |  | 16 | %
LTV |  |  |  |  |  |  |
95.01% and above | 3.5 | % |  | 0.3 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  | 0.4 | %
90.01% to 95.00% | 51.5 | % |  | 53.7 | % |  | 49.9 | % |  | 53.3 | %
85.01% to 90.00% | 34.1 | % |  | 33.5 | % |  | 33.8 | % |  | 34.1 | %
80.01% to 85.00% | 10.9 | % |  | 12.5 | % |  | 13.4 | % |  | 12.2 | %
Primary risk written | $ | 2,873 |  |  | $ | 2,848 |  |  | $ | 8,151 |  |  | $ | 6,948 |

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($ in millions) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Primary IIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flow | $ | 166,527 |  |  | 95.2 | % |  | $ | 162,302 |  |  | 94.5 | % |  | $ | 159,770 |  |  | 94.4 | %
Structured | 8,339 |  |  | 4.8 |  |  | 9,508 |  |  | 5.5 |  |  | 9,452 |  |  | 5.6 |
Total Primary | $ | 174,866 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 171,810 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 169,222 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Prime | $ | 164,060 |  |  | 93.8 | % |  | $ | 159,647 |  |  | 92.9 | % |  | $ | 156,581 |  |  | 92.5 | %
Alt-A | 6,531 |  |  | 3.7 |  |  | 7,412 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 7,709 |  |  | 4.6 |
A minus and below | 4,275 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 4,751 |  |  | 2.8 |  |  | 4,932 |  |  | 2.9 |
Total Primary | $ | 174,866 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 171,810 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 169,222 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Persistency Rate (12 months ended) (1) |  |  | 79.2 | % | (2) |  |  | 84.2 | % |  |  |  | 84.3 | %
Persistency Rate (quarterly, annualized) (3) |  |  | 80.5 | % |  |  |  | 83.3 | % |  |  |  | 84.0 | %

_____________________

(1) | Effective March 31, 2015, we refined our Persistency Rate calculation to incorporate loan level detail rather than aggregated portfolio data. Prior periods have been recalculated and reflect the current calculation methodology.

(2) | The Persistency Rate for the 12 months ended September 30, 2015 decreased from the comparable period in 2014 primarily due to increased refinancing activity and the cancellations of Single Premium Policies due to prepayments that servicers had not previously reported to Radian. See Net Premiums Written and Earned.

(3) | The Persistency Rate on a quarterly, annualized basis may be impacted by seasonality or other factors, and may not be indicative of full-year trends.

($ in millions) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Primary RIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flow | $ | 42,454 |  |  | 95.7 | % |  | $ | 41,071 |  |  | 95.0 | % |  | $ | 40,337 |  |  | 94.9 | %
Structured | 1,910 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 2,168 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 2,150 |  |  | 5.1 |
Total Primary | $ | 44,364 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 43,239 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 42,487 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Prime | $ | 41,784 |  |  | 94.2 | % |  | $ | 40,326 |  |  | 93.3 | % |  | $ | 39,458 |  |  | 92.9 | %
Alt-A | 1,510 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 1,791 |  |  | 4.2 |
A minus and below | 1,070 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 1,193 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 1,238 |  |  | 2.9 |
Total Primary | $ | 44,364 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 43,239 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 42,487 |  |  | 100.0 | %

($ in millions) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Total primary RIF by FICO score |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
>=740 | $ | 25,265 |  |  | 57.0 | % |  | $ | 24,511 |  |  | 56.7 | % |  | $ | 24,034 |  |  | 56.6 | %
680-739 | 13,403 |  |  | 30.2 |  |  | 12,817 |  |  | 29.6 |  |  | 12,495 |  |  | 29.4 |
620-679 | 4,852 |  |  | 10.9 |  |  | 4,973 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 4,984 |  |  | 11.7 |
<=619 | 844 |  |  | 1.9 |  |  | 938 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 974 |  |  | 2.3 |
Total Primary RIF | $ | 44,364 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 43,239 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 42,487 |  |  | 100.0 | %
Primary RIF on defaulted loans | $ | 1,666 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,089 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,168 |  |  |

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($ in millions) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Percentage of primary RIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Refinances | 24 | % |  |  |  | 26 | % |  |  |  | 26 | % |  |
Loan Type: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed | 95.9 | % |  |  |  | 95.2 | % |  |  |  | 94.9 | % |  |
Adjustable rate mortgages |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less than five years | 1.4 | % |  |  |  | 1.7 | % |  |  |  | 1.9 | % |  |
Five years and longer | 2.7 | % |  |  |  | 3.1 | % |  |  |  | 3.2 | % |  |
Total primary RIF by LTV |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
95.01% and above | $ | 3,301 |  |  | 7.4 | % |  | $ | 3,547 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | $ | 3,678 |  |  | 8.6 | %
90.01% to 95.00% | 22,094 |  |  | 49.8 |  |  | 20,521 |  |  | 47.5 |  |  | 19,745 |  |  | 46.5 |
85.01% to 90.00% | 15,194 |  |  | 34.3 |  |  | 15,307 |  |  | 35.4 |  |  | 15,210 |  |  | 35.8 |
85.00% and below | 3,775 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 3,864 |  |  | 8.9 |  |  | 3,854 |  |  | 9.1 |
Total Primary | $ | 44,364 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 43,239 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 42,487 |  |  | 100.0 | %

($ in millions) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Total primary RIF by policy year |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2005 and prior | $ | 3,005 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  | $ | 3,540 |  |  | 8.2 | % |  | $ | 3,716 |  |  | 8.8 | %
2006 | 1,747 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 2,001 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 2,077 |  |  | 4.9 |
2007 | 4,033 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  | 4,592 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 4,734 |  |  | 11.1 |
2008 | 2,923 |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | 3,394 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 3,522 |  |  | 8.3 |
2009 | 805 |  |  | 1.8 |  |  | 1,081 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 1,170 |  |  | 2.8 |
2010 | 671 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 925 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 995 |  |  | 2.3 |
2011 | 1,387 |  |  | 3.1 |  |  | 1,809 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 1,929 |  |  | 4.5 |
2012 | 5,316 |  |  | 12.0 |  |  | 6,534 |  |  | 15.1 |  |  | 6,895 |  |  | 16.2 |
2013 | 8,534 |  |  | 19.2 |  |  | 10,265 |  |  | 23.8 |  |  | 10,640 |  |  | 25.1 |
2014 | 7,977 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | 9,098 |  |  | 21.0 |  |  | 6,809 |  |  | 16.0 |
2015 | 7,966 |  |  | 18.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total Primary | $ | 44,364 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 43,239 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 42,487 |  |  | 100.0 | %

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Net Premiums Written and Earned. Net premiums written increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period of 2014, primarily due to an increase in Single Premium Policies written in the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Net premiums earned increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period of 2014, primarily as a result of the impact of the acceleration of the recognition of premiums earned on Single Premium Policies that were cancelled during 2015 due to: (i) increased refinance activity in 2015; and (ii) prepayments that servicers had not previously reported to Radian. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods of 2014, the increase in premiums earned on Single Premium Policies relating to this acceleration, net of the impact of premiums ceded under the QSR Transactions, was approximately $4.9 million and $37.7 million, respectively. Also impacting premiums earned in both periods of 2015 compared to 2014 was an increase in premiums due to decreased reinsurance cessions related to the runoff of captive reinsurance and a decline in balances ceded under the QSR Transactions. In addition, our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 include accruals of $0.7 million and $6.5 million, respectively, for an expected payment of a profit commission amount from the reinsurer, based on experience to date for the Second QSR Transaction, because we expect to exercise our option to recapture half of the ceded risk on December 31, 2015. Net premiums earned in both periods of 2015 also reflects our increased level of IIF, which resulted in increases of $1.5 million and $24.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, as compared to the same periods of 2014.
Our expected rate of return on our Single Premium Policies is lower than on our Monthly Premium Policies. Assuming all other factors remain constant, if loans prepay earlier than expected, then our profitability on Single Premium Policies will be higher than anticipated. If loans are repaid later than expected, however, our profitability on Single Premium Policies will be lower than anticipated. Prepayment speeds, which are impacted by changes in interest rates, among other factors, impact the expected profitability of our Monthly Premium Policies in the opposite direction. For our Monthly Premium Policies, earlier than anticipated prepayments reduce profitability. As a result, the ultimate profitability of our business is affected by the impact of mortgage prepayment speeds on the mix of business we write. Because prepayment speeds are difficult to project, our strategy has been to write a mix of Single Premium Policies and Monthly Premium Policies, which we believe balances the overall impact on our results if actual prepayment speeds are significantly different from expectations. See Overview—Operating Environment and Business Strategy for more information.
Refinancing transactions frequently are conducted using Single Premium Policies. The increased utilization of reduced-rate products on Single Premium Policies, together with the elevated level of refinancing activity we experienced in the first nine months of 2015, contributed to an increase in our total mix of Single Premium Policies to 32% of our NIW for the first nine months of 2015, compared to 26% for the first nine months of 2014. More recently, however, the percentage of total Single Premium Policies originated has been declining. Single Premium Policies written in the third quarter of 2015 decreased to 27% from 32% in the second quarter of 2015. This recent decline is consistent with the reduced level of refinancing activity and our deliberate actions related to pricing. We believe that, assuming our current pricing, our current production level of Single Premium Policies can be absorbed into our portfolio while maintaining our overall risk and return target ranges.
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Throughout this report, unless otherwise noted, RIF includes the amount ceded through reinsurance. The following table provides additional information about our QSR Transactions and our captive transactions.

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
($ in thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Initial QSR Transaction |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ceded premiums written | $ | 3,437 |  |  | $ | 4,668 |  |  | $ | 11,326 |  |  | $ | 15,018 |
% of premiums written | 1.4 | % |  | 1.8 | % |  | 1.5 | % |  | 2.1 | %
Ceded premiums earned | $ | 5,067 |  |  | $ | 6,578 |  |  | $ | 17,510 |  |  | $ | 20,188 |
% of total premiums | 2.1 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | 2.4 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Ceding commissions written | $ | 745 |  |  | $ | 1,166 |  |  | $ | 2,453 |  |  | $ | 3,754 |
RIF included in Initial QSR Transaction (1) | $ | 889,298 |  |  | $ | 1,170,496 |  |  |  |  |
Second QSR Transaction |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ceded premiums written | $ | 5,030 |  |  | $ | 9,082 |  |  | $ | 11,953 |  |  | $ | 24,447 |
% of premiums written | 2.0 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 1.6 | % |  | 3.4 | %
Ceded premiums earned | $ | 7,134 |  |  | $ | 7,699 |  |  | $ | 18,942 |  |  | $ | 21,481 |
% of total premiums | 3.0 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  | 2.6 | % |  | 3.2 | %
Ceding commissions written | $ | 1,998 |  |  | $ | 3,179 |  |  | $ | 6,437 |  |  | $ | 8,557 |
RIF included in Second QSR Transaction (1) | $ | 1,364,615 |  |  | $ | 1,546,311 |  |  |  |  |
First-Lien Captives |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums earned ceded to captives | $ | 2,434 |  |  | $ | 3,096 |  |  | $ | 7,719 |  |  | $ | 9,918 |
% of total premiums | 1.0 | % |  | 1.3 | % |  | 1.1 | % |  | 1.5 | %
IIF subject to captives (2) | 2.2 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  |  |  |
RIF subject to captives (3) | 2.1 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  |  |  |

__________________

(1) | RIF ceded under QSR Transactions and included in primary RIF.

(2) | IIF on captives as a percentage of total IIF.

(3) | RIF on captives as a percentage of total RIF.

Net Investment Income. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, net investment income increased compared to the same periods in 2014. This was primarily due to increases in investment portfolio balances at Radian Guaranty, which were attributed to proceeds from the sale of our financial guaranty business. As we invest the proceeds from the sale of our financial guaranty business, determine the appropriate holding company liquidity levels and use a portion of our liquidity to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements, we expect to continue to extend the duration of investments in our portfolio and further increase our investment yields. All periods include an allocation of net investment income from investments held at Radian Group.
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Provision for Losses. Our mortgage insurance provision for losses increased for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods of 2014. The following table details the financial impact of the significant components of our provision for losses for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
New defaults | $ | 60.3 |  |  | $ | 72.4 |  |  | $ | 137.3 |  |  | $ | 181.0 |
Existing defaults, Second-liens, LAE and other (1) | 3.8 |  |  | (23.5 | ) |  | 4.3 |  |  | (17.8 | )
Provision for losses | $ | 64.1 |  |  | $ | 48.9 |  |  | $ | 141.6 |  |  | $ | 163.2 |

_____________________

(1) | Represents the provision for losses attributable to loans that were in default as of the beginning of each period indicated, including: (a) the change in reserves for loans that were in default status (including pending claims) as of both the beginning and end of each period indicated; (b) the net impact to provision for losses from loans that were in default as of the beginning of each period indicated but were either cured, prepaid, or resulted in a paid claim or a Rescission or Claim Denial during the period indicated; (c) the impact to our IBNR reserve during the period related to changes in actual and estimated Reinstatements of previous Rescissions and Claim Denials, including those subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement; (d) Second-lien loss reserves and PDR; and (e) LAE and other loss reserves.

Our mortgage insurance provision for losses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 increased by $15.2 million, as compared to the same period in 2014. Our provision for losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 decreased by $21.6 million as compared to the same period in 2014. Reserves established for new default notices were the primary driver of our total incurred loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014. New primary defaults, net of defaults that defaulted but were cured within the same period, decreased by 15% for the three months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014. New primary defaults, net of defaults that defaulted but were cured within the same period, decreased by 19% for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same period in 2014. We experienced slightly negative development on existing defaults for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. We experienced favorable development for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, primarily due to favorable development in our estimate of future losses on default notices reported in prior years, as a result of higher Cures and lower Claim Severity rates than were previously estimated, as well as the impact of the BofA Settlement Agreement. We have seen a steady decline in new claims submitted by quarter during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 as compared to the same periods of 2014.
Our primary default rate at September 30, 2015 was 4.1% compared to 5.2% at December 31, 2014. Our primary defaulted inventory comprised 35,875 loans at September 30, 2015, compared to 45,319 loans at December 31, 2014, representing a 20.8% decrease. The reduction in our primary defaulted inventory is the result of the total number of defaulted loans: (1) that have cured; (2) for which claim payments have been made; or (3) that have resulted in net Rescissions and Claim Denials, collectively exceeding the total number of new defaults on insured loans.
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The following table shows the number of primary loans that we have insured, the number of loans in default and the percentage of loans in default as of the dates indicated:

| September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Default Statistics—Primary Insurance: |  |  |  |  |
Total Primary Insurance |  |  |  |  |
Prime |  |  |  |  |
Number of insured loans | 812,657 |  |  | 797,436 |  |  | 783,414 |
Number of loans in default | 22,328 |  |  | 28,246 |  |  | 28,963 |
Percentage of loans in default | 2.75 | % |  | 3.54 | % |  | 3.70 | %
Alt-A |  |  |  |  |
Number of insured loans | 34,166 |  |  | 38,953 |  |  | 40,319 |
Number of loans in default | 6,318 |  |  | 8,136 |  |  | 8,629 |
Percentage of loans in default | 18.49 | % |  | 20.89 | % |  | 21.40 | %
A minus and below |  |  |  |  |
Number of insured loans | 33,018 |  |  | 36,688 |  |  | 37,843 |
Number of loans in default | 7,229 |  |  | 8,937 |  |  | 9,251 |
Percentage of loans in default | 21.89 | % |  | 24.36 | % |  | 24.45 | %
Total Primary |  |  |  |  |
Number of insured loans | 879,841 |  |  | 873,077 |  |  | 861,576 |
Number of loans in default (1) | 35,875 |  |  | 45,319 |  |  | 46,843 |
Percentage of loans in default | 4.08 | % |  | 5.19 | % |  | 5.44 | %

______________________

(1) | Excludes 2,993, 4,467 and 4,824 loans that are in default at September 30, 2015, December 31, 2014 and September 30, 2014, respectively, that are subject to the Freddie Mac Agreement, and for which we no longer have claims exposure.

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The following table shows a rollforward of our primary loans in default:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Beginning default inventory | 37,676 |  |  | 48,904 |  |  | 45,319 |  |  | 60,909 |
Plus: New defaults (1) | 10,698 |  |  | 12,339 |  |  | 30,957 |  |  | 35,906 |
Less: Cures (1) | 9,676 |  |  | 10,777 |  |  | 30,856 |  |  | 35,352 |
Less: Claims paid (2) (3) | 2,983 |  |  | 3,067 |  |  | 10,806 |  |  | 13,814 |
Less: Rescissions (4) | 18 |  |  | 70 |  |  | 92 |  |  | 190 |
Less: Claim (Reinstatements) Denials (5) | 55 |  |  | 188 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 237 |
Less: Net (Reinstatements), Rescissions or Claim Denials related to the BofA Settlement Agreement (6) | (233 | ) |  | 298 |  |  | (1,341 | ) |  | 379 |
Ending default inventory | 35,875 |  |  | 46,843 |  |  | 35,875 |  |  | 46,843 |

__________________

(1) | Amounts reflected are compiled monthly based on reports received from loan servicers. The number of new defaults and Cures presented includes the following monthly defaults that defaulted but were cured within the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Intra-period new defaults | 4,181 |  |  | 4,663 |  |  | 20,160 |  |  | 22,594 |

(2) | Includes those charged to a deductible or captive.

(3) | Includes 876 and 3,666 claim payments related to the BofA Settlement Agreement for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.

(4) | Net of any previous Rescissions that were reinstated during the period. Such reinstated Rescissions may ultimately result in a paid claim.

(5) | Net of any Claim Denials that were reinstated during the period. Such previously denied but reinstated claims are generally reviewed for possible Rescission prior to any claim payment.

(6) | Includes Rescissions, Claim Denials and Reinstatements on the population of loans subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement. Net (Reinstatements), Rescissions or Claim Denials related to the BofA Settlement Agreement prior to the February 1, 2015 Implementation Date represent such activities on loans that subsequently became subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement.

Our aggregate weighted average Default to Claim Rate assumption (net of Claim Denials and Rescissions) used in estimating our primary reserve for losses declined to 49% (45% excluding pending claims) at September 30, 2015, compared to 52% at December 31, 2014. The change in our Default to Claim Rate resulted primarily from a decrease in the proportion of pending claims, which have higher Default to Claim Rates, and a decrease in the assumed Default to Claim Rate for new defaults, as described below. We develop our Default to Claim Rate estimates on defaulted loans based on models that use a variety of loan characteristics to determine the likelihood that a default will reach claim status. Our Default to Claim Rate estimates on defaulted loans are mainly developed based on the Stage of Default and Time in Default of the underlying defaulted loans, as measured by the progress toward foreclosure sale and the number of months in default. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, we reduced our gross Default to Claim Rate assumption for new primary defaults from 16% to 14% due to continued improvement in actual claim development trends. As of September 30, 2015, our gross Default to Claim Rates on our primary portfolio ranged from 14% for new defaults, up to approximately 65% for certain defaults not in Foreclosure Stage, and 81% for Foreclosure Stage Defaults.
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The following tables show additional information about our primary loans in default as of the dates indicated:

| September 30, 2015
| Total |  | Foreclosure Stage Defaulted Loans |  | Cure % During the 3rd Quarter |  | Reserve for Losses |  | % of Reserve
($ in thousands) | # |  | % |  | # |  | % |  | $ |  | %
Missed payments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three payments or less | 9,933 |  |  | 27.7 | % |  | 187 |  |  | 31.9 | % |  | $ | 109,354 |  |  | 12.1 | %
Four to eleven payments | 8,099 |  |  | 22.6 |  |  | 501 |  |  | 17.6 |  |  | 139,142 |  |  | 15.4 |
Twelve payments or more | 14,799 |  |  | 41.2 |  |  | 3,313 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 496,994 |  |  | 55.1 |
Pending claims | 3,044 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 157,366 |  |  | 17.4 |
Total | 35,875 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 4,001 |  |  |  |  | 902,856 |  |  | 100.0 | %
IBNR and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 107,179 |  |  |
LAE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 41,464 |  |  |
Total primary reserve |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,051,499 |  |  |

September 30, 2015
Key Reserve Assumptions
Gross Default to Claim Rate % |  | Net Default to Claim Rate % |  | Severity %
52% |  | 49% |  | 102%

| December 31, 2014
| Total |  | Foreclosure Stage Defaulted Loans |  | Cure % During the 4th Quarter |  | Reserve for Losses |  | % of Reserve
($ in thousands) | # |  | % |  | # |  | % |  | $ |  | %
Missed payments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three payments or less | 11,192 |  |  | 24.7 | % |  | 174 |  |  | 30.6 | % |  | $ | 142,503 |  |  | 11.9 | %
Four to eleven payments | 10,413 |  |  | 23.0 |  |  | 695 |  |  | 15.8 |  |  | 195,440 |  |  | 16.3 |
Twelve payments or more | 18,071 |  |  | 39.9 |  |  | 3,984 |  |  | 3.9 |  |  | 593,466 |  |  | 49.5 |
Pending claims | 5,643 |  |  | 12.4 |  |  | N/A |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 266,826 |  |  | 22.3 |
Total | 45,319 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | 4,853 |  |  |  |  | 1,198,235 |  |  | 100.0 | %
IBNR and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 223,114 |  |  |
LAE |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 56,164 |  |  |
Total primary reserve |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,477,513 |  |  |

December 31, 2014
Key Reserve Assumptions
Gross Default to Claim Rate % |  | Net Default to Claim Rate % |  | Severity %
57% |  | 52% |  | 104%

______________________
N/A – Not applicable
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We decreased our severity estimates during the third quarter of 2015, primarily due to lower observed severity rates. The reduction in severity rates was mainly driven by lower claimable expenses on recent defaults associated with shorter transition periods from default to claim. Previously, when foreclosure backlogs significantly increased transition time from default to claim, we experienced increased severity through increased claimable expenses. We considered the sensitivity of our loss reserve estimates at September 30, 2015 by assessing the potential changes resulting from a parallel shift in Claim Severity and Default to Claim Rate for primary loans. For example, assuming all other factors remain constant, for every one percentage point change in primary Claim Severity (which we estimate to be 102% of our risk exposure at September 30, 2015), we estimated that our total loss reserve would change by approximately $9 million at September 30, 2015. For every one percentage point change in our primary net Default to Claim Rate (which we estimate to be 49% at September 30, 2015, including our assumptions related to Rescissions and Claim Denials), we estimated a change of approximately $18 million in our primary loss reserve at September 30, 2015.
Our net Default to Claim Rate and loss reserve estimate incorporate our future expectations with respect to future Claim Denials and Rescissions. These expectations are based on our recent experience with respect to the number of claims that have been denied due to the policyholder’s failure to submit sufficient documentation to perfect a claim within the time period permitted under our Master Policies and also our recent experience with respect to the number of insurance certificates that have been rescinded due to fraud, underwriter negligence or other factors. See Note 9 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
On September 16, 2014, Radian Guaranty entered into the BofA Settlement Agreement in order to resolve various actual and potential claims or disputes related to the parties’ respective rights and duties as to mortgage insurance coverage on the Subject Loans. The consent of the GSEs required to implement the BofA Settlement Agreement was received in December 2014, and implementation of the agreement for Subject Loans owned by the GSEs or held in portfolio by the Insureds commenced on February 1, 2015.
Approximately 12% of the Subject Loans are neither held in portfolio by the Insureds nor owned by the GSEs, and required the consent of certain other investors for these loans to be included in the BofA Settlement Agreement. During the three months ended September 30, 2015, most of such other investors provided consent, and therefore, the associated implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement has commenced with respect to these loans. Our previous reserve assumptions assumed that these consents would be obtained. See Note 9 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information about the BofA Settlement Agreement.
The implementation of the BofA Settlement Agreement resulted in Reinstatements exceeding Rescissions and Claim Denials for First-lien claims during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015. Reinstatements, net of Rescissions and Claim Denials, for primary loans (excluding loans subject to the Freddie Mac Agreement) totaled $2.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2015 and $57.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. Rescissions and Claim Denials, net of Reinstatements totaled $53.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014 and $93.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2014.
The following table illustrates the impact of estimated future Rescissions and Claim Denials (net of estimated Reinstatements) on our loss reserve estimates as of the dates indicated:

(In millions) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  | September 30, 2014
Decrease to our loss reserve due to estimated future Rescissions and Claim Denials | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 125 |  |  | $ | 134 |

The impact to our reserve due to estimated future Rescissions and Claim Denials incorporates our expectations regarding the number of policies that we expect to be reinstated as a result of our claims rebuttal process. The level of Rescissions and Claim Denials has been declining in recent periods as our defaulted Legacy Portfolio continues to decline, and we expect this trend to continue.
Our reported Rescission and Claim Denial activity in any given period is subject to challenge by our lender and servicer customers through our claims rebuttal process. In addition, we at times engage in discussions with our lender and servicer customers regarding our Loss Mitigation Activities. Unless a liability associated with such activities or discussions becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated, we consider our claim payments and our Rescissions, Claim Denials and Claim Curtailments to be resolved for financial reporting purposes. In accordance with the accounting standard regarding contingencies, we accrue for an estimated loss when we determine that the loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated.
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We expect that a portion of previous Rescissions will be reinstated and previous Claim Denials will be resubmitted with the required documentation and ultimately paid; therefore, we have incorporated this expectation into our IBNR reserve estimate. Our IBNR reserve estimate was $50.4 million and $163.6 million at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively. We began to implement the BofA Settlement Agreement in the first quarter of 2015, which resulted in a significant decrease in our IBNR reserve estimate at September 30, 2015 as compared to December 31, 2014, due to the reinstatement and payment during the period of certain previous Rescissions and Claim Denials on Subject Loans in accordance with the terms of the agreement.
As of September 30, 2015, the IBNR reserve estimate of $50.4 million included approximately $29.1 million for loans subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement. This amount compares to approximately $133.0 million in IBNR reserves for loans subject to the BofA Settlement Agreement as of December 31, 2014. The remaining IBNR reserve at September 30, 2015 included an estimate of future Reinstatements of previous Claim Denials, Rescissions and Claim Curtailments of $11.8 million, $0.3 million, and $1.8 million, respectively. These reserves relate to approximately $50.6 million of claims that were denied within the preceding 12 months, approximately $52.1 million of policies rescinded within the preceding 24 months, and approximately $25.7 million of Claim Curtailments within the preceding 24 months.
The following table shows information regarding our reserve for losses as of the dates indicated:

(In thousands) | September 30, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014
Reserve for losses by category: |  |  |
Prime | $ | 519,572 |  |  | $ | 700,174 |
Alt-A | 234,772 |  |  | 292,293 |
A minus and below | 137,441 |  |  | 179,103 |
IBNR and other | 107,179 |  |  | 223,114 |
LAE | 41,464 |  |  | 56,164 |
Reinsurance recoverable (1) | 11,071 |  |  | 26,665 |
Total primary reserve | 1,051,499 |  |  | 1,477,513 |
Pool | 43,234 |  |  | 75,785 |
IBNR and other | 949 |  |  | 1,775 |
LAE | 1,983 |  |  | 3,542 |
Total pool reserve | 46,166 |  |  | 81,102 |
Total First-lien reserve | 1,097,665 |  |  | 1,558,615 |
Second-lien and other (2) | 905 |  |  | 1,417 |
Total reserve for losses | $ | 1,098,570 |  |  | $ | 1,560,032 |

__________________

(1) | Primarily represents ceded losses on captive transactions and the QSR Transactions.

(2) | Does not include Second-lien PDR.

Our primary reserve per default (calculated as primary reserve excluding IBNR and other reserves divided by the number of primary defaults) was $26,237 and $27,683 at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, respectively.
Total mortgage insurance claims paid of $169.1 million and $588.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, have decreased from claims paid of $173.9 million and $721.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, primarily due to the overall decline in defaulted loans and ongoing reduction in pending claims. However, claims paid in the first nine months of 2015 are elevated because they include $236.6 million of claim payments associated with the BofA Settlement Agreement. We currently expect total claims paid to be approximately $700 million for the full year of 2015, including the claims related to the BofA Settlement Agreement. Total claims paid of approximately $400 to $450 million are expected for the full year of 2016.
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In addition, as part of our claims review process, we assess whether defaulted loans were serviced appropriately in accordance with our insurance policies and servicing guidelines. To the extent a servicer has failed to satisfy its servicing obligations, our policies provide that we may curtail the claim payment for such default, and in some circumstances, cancel coverage or deny the claim. Claim Curtailments due to servicer noncompliance with our insurance policies and servicing guidelines impact the severity of our claim payments. Claim Curtailments due to servicer noncompliance with our insurance policies and servicing guidelines were approximately $2.7 million and $14.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively, compared to approximately $8.8 million and $36.8 million, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively.
The following table shows claims paid by product and average claim paid by product for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Net claims paid (1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prime | $ | 65,396 |  |  | $ | 104,440 |  |  | $ | 225,071 |  |  | $ | 459,221 |
Alt-A | 18,966 |  |  | 26,882 |  |  | 62,225 |  |  | 110,843 |
A minus and below | 14,028 |  |  | 19,658 |  |  | 44,134 |  |  | 79,926 |
Total primary claims paid | 98,390 |  |  | 150,980 |  |  | 331,430 |  |  | 649,990 |
Pool | 8,721 |  |  | 8,880 |  |  | 28,393 |  |  | 56,105 |
Second-lien and other | (16 | ) |  | 490 |  |  | (180 | ) |  | 1,728 |
Subtotal | 107,095 |  |  | 160,350 |  |  | 359,643 |  |  | 707,823 |
Impact of captive terminations | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,000 | ) |  | (1,156 | )
Impact of settlements | 61,994 |  |  | 13,500 |  |  | 240,557 |  |  | 14,375 |
Total net claims paid | $ | 169,089 |  |  | $ | 173,850 |  |  | $ | 588,200 |  |  | $ | 721,042 |
Average net claim paid (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prime | $ | 46.2 |  |  | $ | 49.2 |  |  | $ | 46.3 |  |  | $ | 46.0 |
Alt-A | 60.2 |  |  | 56.7 |  |  | 57.8 |  |  | 55.9 |
A minus and below | 42.5 |  |  | 40.3 |  |  | 39.6 |  |  | 38.1 |
Total average net primary claim paid | 47.8 |  |  | 49.0 |  |  | 47.0 |  |  | 46.2 |
Pool | 51.3 |  |  | 48.0 |  |  | 59.0 |  |  | 58.7 |
Second-lien and other | (1.6 | ) |  | 18.9 |  |  | (5.3 | ) |  | 18.8 |
Total average net claim paid | $ | 47.8 |  |  | $ | 48.7 |  |  | $ | 47.5 |  |  | $ | 46.8 |
Average direct primary claim paid (2) (3) | $ | 48.5 |  |  | $ | 50.0 |  |  | $ | 47.9 |  |  | $ | 47.6 |
Average total direct claim paid (2) (3) | $ | 48.5 |  |  | $ | 49.6 |  |  | $ | 48.4 |  |  | $ | 48.1 |

__________________

(1) | Net of reinsurance recoveries.

(2) | Calculated without giving effect to the impact of the termination of captive transactions and settlements.

(3) | Before reinsurance recoveries.

Other Operating Expenses. Our other operating expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2015 include the expense related to grants of new equity-settled long-term incentive awards, primarily due to the acceleration of such expense for retirement-eligible employees, as well as a reduction in ceding commissions related to the QSR Transactions, as compared to the same period in 2014. Other operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the same period in 2014, reflect a reduction in the impact of changes in the estimated fair value of cash-settled equity-based long-term incentive awards that were valued, in large part, relative to the price of Radian Group common stock. Although these awards have produced significant volatility in the past due to their valuation relative to Radian Group’s common stock price, substantially all of these awards vested in June 2015. Therefore, this expense volatility is not expected in the future. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015, there was also a decrease in ceding commissions related to the QSR Transactions as compared to the same period in 2014.
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Other operating expenses include $2.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and $1.6 million and $10.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, as a result of the reallocation of financial guaranty segment expenses that were not allocated to discontinued operations.
Interest Expense. These amounts reflect the allocated portion of interest on Radian Group’s long-term debt, excluding the Senior Notes due 2019. The allocated interest decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same periods in 2014. These decreases primarily resulted from our June 2015 purchases of an aggregate principal amount of $389.1 million of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. Interest expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 also decreased compared to the same period in 2014 as a result of the optional redemption in June 2014 of all of our outstanding 5.375% unsecured senior notes due June 2015. These reductions were partially offset by increases for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, compared to the same periods in 2014, as a result of our June 2015 issuance of $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.250% Senior Notes due 2020. Interest expense allocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment also includes $9.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015, and $11.6 million and $42.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014, respectively, as a result of the reallocation of financial guaranty segment interest expense that was not allocated to discontinued operations.
Results of Operations—Services
Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2015 Compared to Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2014
The following table summarizes our Services segment’s results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014:

|  |  |  |  | $ Change |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable) |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in millions) | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 vs. 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 2014 |  | 2015 vs. 2014
Adjusted pretax operating (loss) income (1) | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | 4.6 |  |  | $ | (4.9 | ) |  | $ | (0.4 | ) |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | (3.7 | )
Services revenue | 43.1 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | 0.9 |  |  | 119.2 |  |  | 42.2 |  |  | 77.0 |
Direct cost of services | 25.9 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | (2.0 | ) |  | 70.6 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | (46.7 | )
Gross profit on services | 17.2 |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  | 48.6 |  |  | 18.3 |  |  | 30.3 |
Other operating expenses | 13.1 |  |  | 9.5 |  |  | (3.6 | ) |  | 35.8 |  |  | 11.0 |  |  | (24.8 | )
Interest expense | 4.4 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | (8.9 | )

________________________

(1) | Our senior management uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of each of the Company’s business segments.

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The Services segment’s results primarily comprise the operations of Clayton from the June 30, 2014 date of acquisition. The Services segment is a fee-for-service business, with revenue primarily derived from: (i) loan review and due diligence services; (ii) surveillance services, including RMBS surveillance, loan servicer oversight, loan-level servicing compliance reviews and operational reviews of mortgage servicers and originators; (iii) valuation and component services providing outsourcing and technology solutions for the single family rental and residential real estate markets; (iv) REO asset management services; and (v) EuroRisk mortgage services in the United Kingdom and Europe. The top 10 customers of the Services segment generated approximately 50% of the services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015. The largest single customer generated approximately 11% of the services revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2015.
Direct cost of services primarily consists of employee compensation and related payroll benefits, and, to a lesser extent, other direct costs of providing services such as travel and related expenses incurred in providing client services and costs paid to outside vendors. Direct cost of services is primarily affected by the level of services being provided and, therefore, is correlated to the level of services revenue. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, our services revenues were $43.1 million and $119.2 million, respectively, and our gross profit on services represented approximately 40% and 41%, respectively, of our services revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2014, the first quarter subsequent to our acquisition of Clayton, our services revenue was $42.2 million and our gross profit on services represented approximately 43% of our services revenue. The reduction in our services gross profit percentage for the three months ended September 30, 2015, as compared to the same period of 2014, was primarily due to a shift in the mix of services and specific client assignments during the quarter.
Other operating expenses primarily consist of compensation costs not classified as direct cost of services because they are related to employees, such as sales and corporate employees, who are not directly involved in providing client services. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and the three months ended September 30, 2014, compensation-related costs represented approximately 58% of the segment’s other operating expenses. Other operating expenses also include other selling, general and administrative expenses, depreciation, and allocations of corporate general and administrative expenses. Other operating expenses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 include an allocation of corporate operating expenses of $1.6 million and $3.9 million, respectively, compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2014.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, interest expense represents all of the interest expense related to our Senior Notes due 2019, the proceeds of which were used to fund our acquisition of Clayton.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
There have been no material changes in the off-balance sheet arrangements specified in our 2014 Form 10-K.
Contractual Obligations and Commitments
There have been no material changes outside the ordinary course of business in our contractual obligations and commitments specified in our 2014 Form 10-K, except as follows:

• | In June 2015, Radian Group issued $350 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2020 and received net proceeds of approximately $343.5 million. See Note 10 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

• | In June 2015 Radian Group entered into privately negotiated agreements with certain of the holders of a portion of its outstanding Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 to purchase an aggregate principal amount of $389.1 million of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 for a combination of cash and shares of Radian Group common stock. Radian Group funded the purchases with $126.8 million in cash (plus accrued and unpaid interest due on the purchased notes) and by issuing to the sellers approximately 28.4 million shares of Radian Group common stock. Following this action, approximately $60.9 million of the principal amount of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 remained outstanding as of September 30, 2015. See Note 10 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

• | In October 2015, we paid $12.9 million in cash to repurchase $8.5 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 in a privately negotiated transaction. In addition, we expect to pay approximately $15.5 million in November 2015 to settle a holder’s conversion of $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019.

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• | On November 3, 2015, the Company entered into a 15-year operating lease agreement for approximately 150,000 square feet for our corporate headquarters in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This agreement commences on September 1, 2017, with payments beginning in December 2018, and replaces our existing lease for our corporate headquarters when it expires in August 2017. See Note 18 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Radian Group—Short-Term Liquidity Needs
Radian Group serves as the holding company for our insurance and other subsidiaries and does not have any significant operations of its own. At September 30, 2015, Radian Group had immediately available, either directly or through an unregulated subsidiary, unrestricted cash and liquid investments of approximately $745 million. After reflecting fourth quarter cash outflows for: (i) amounts we expect to pay to settle a holder’s conversion of $10.0 million in principal amount of our Convertible Senior Debt due 2019; (ii) a negotiated repurchase of $8.5 million in principal amount of our Convertible Senior Debt due 2017; and (iii) Clayton’s acquisition of ValuAmerica, Inc., Radian Group has immediately available, either directly or through an unregulated subsidiary, unrestricted cash and liquid investments of approximately $710 million. These amounts exclude certain additional cash and liquid investments that have been advanced from our subsidiaries for corporate expenses and interest payments.
During the second quarter of 2015, Radian Group successfully completed a series of transactions to strengthen its capital position, including to reduce its overall cost of capital and to improve the maturity profile of its debt. This series of transactions had four components:

• | the issuance of $350 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes due 2020 for net proceeds of approximately $343.5 million;

• | the purchases of approximately $389.1 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Senior Notes due 2017, for a combination of approximately $126.8 million in cash and 28.4 million shares of Radian Group common stock;

• | the termination of a corresponding portion of the capped call transactions related to the purchased Convertible Senior Notes due 2017, as a result of which we received consideration of 2.3 million shares of Radian Group common stock and $12.0 million in cash; and

• | the entry into an ASR program to repurchase an aggregate of $202 million of Radian Group common stock.

Share repurchases of Radian Group common stock pursuant to the ASR program included: (i) repurchases of 9.2 million initial shares during the three-month period ended June 30, 2015; and (ii) delivery from the counterparty of 1.8 million additional shares upon the final settlement of the ASR program in August 2015. All share repurchases pursuant to the ASR program were funded in the second quarter of 2015 from the proceeds of the Senior Notes due 2020.
These transactions in the aggregate resulted in a combined net increase in holding company liquidity of $25.0 million in the first nine months of 2015. See Notes 10 and 16 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the individual transactions.
In addition, on April 1, 2015, upon completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance, our holding company liquidity increased by approximately $45 million due to the release of funds held in a separate escrow account.
Radian Group’s principal liquidity demands for the next 12 months are expected to include: (i) additional capital support for our mortgage insurance subsidiaries to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements; (ii) the payment of corporate expenses; (iii) interest payments on our outstanding long-term debt; (iv) conversion settlements, repurchases or redemptions of portions of our long-term debt; (v) potential investments to support our strategy of growing our businesses; and (vi) the payment of dividends on our common stock.
Long-Term Debt. In October 2015, we paid $12.9 million in cash to repurchase $8.5 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 in a privately negotiated transaction. In addition, we expect to pay approximately $15.5 million in November 2015 to settle a holder’s conversion of $10.0 million aggregate principal amount of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019.
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On a quarterly basis, we evaluate whether the conversion threshold requirements for our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 and our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 have been met. As of September 30, 2015, the holders of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 and of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 are able to exercise their conversion rights during the three-month period ending December 31, 2015. We may elect, in our sole discretion, to settle any Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 in the form of cash. In the case of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017, the principal amount must be settled in cash, with the conversion premium to be settled in cash or stock at our discretion. We cannot predict whether holders of our Convertible Senior Notes will choose to exercise their conversion rights prior to maturity.
At any time after March 7, 2016, we may redeem at our option all or part of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2019, as long as the daily last reported sale price of our common stock is at least 130% of the then-current conversion price for at least 20 out of the immediately preceding 30 consecutive trading days before the delivery of a redemption notice. This threshold is currently equal to $13.78 per share and is subject to adjustments made pursuant to the terms of the indenture for the notes. The conversion rate initially is 94.3396 shares of our common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (corresponding to an initial conversion price of approximately $10.60 per share of common stock), subject to adjustment in certain events. If we elect to redeem the Convertible Senior Notes due 2019 at any point in the future, we plan to provide the required redemption notice 60 calendar days prior to the redemption date. Additionally, no less than 45 scheduled trading days prior to any such redemption notice, we plan to publicly announce our intention to issue such notice, and whether we intend to settle any conversions occurring on or after the date of such redemption notice and prior to the related redemption date in cash, stock, or a specified combination of cash and stock. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2014 Form 10-K for further information.
Corporate Expenses and Interest Expense. Radian Group has expense-sharing arrangements in place with its principal operating subsidiaries that require those subsidiaries to pay their allocated share of certain holding-company-level expenses, including interest payments on most of our outstanding long-term debt. Payments of such corporate expenses for the next 12 months, excluding interest payments on our long-term debt, are expected to be approximately $56.2 million, all of which is expected to be reimbursed by our subsidiaries under our existing expense-sharing arrangements. For the same period, payments of interest on our long-term debt are expected to be approximately $62.9 million, a significant portion of which is expected to be reimbursed by our subsidiaries under our existing expense-sharing arrangements. These expense-sharing arrangements, as amended, have been approved by applicable state insurance departments, but such approval may be modified or revoked at any time.
Capital Support for Subsidiaries. On April 17, 2015, the FHFA issued the final PMIERs, setting forth revised requirements for private mortgage insurers, including Radian Guaranty, to remain eligible insurers of loans purchased by the GSEs. On June 30, 2015, the GSEs updated the PMIERs Financial Requirements to increase the amount of Available Assets that must be held by a private mortgage insurer for loans originated on or after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA. Once the PMIERs become effective for existing eligible mortgage insurers on December 31, 2015, the PMIERs Financial Requirements will replace the capital adequacy standards under the current GSE eligibility requirements. See Note 1 in Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
Radian Guaranty is positioned to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements by utilizing a portion of our holding company liquidity. Based on our estimates and assumptions, Radian Guaranty would require approximately $320 million of additional Available Assets to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements at the December 31, 2015 effective date. Among other items, this estimate is based on the assumption that we receive, as expected, approval from the GSEs for the amendments to our existing reinsurance arrangements and receive the PMIERs benefit of approximately $80 million for these arrangements.
The amount that Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers may require to comply with the final PMIERs (as updated on June 30, 2015) may depend upon, among other things: (1) our ability to receive, as expected, GSE approval for the amendments to our existing reinsurance arrangements, as discussed above; (2) the product mix of our NIW and factors affecting the performance of our mortgage insurance business, including our level of defaults, prepayments, the losses we incur on new or existing defaults and the credit characteristics of our mortgage insurance; (3) whether we elect to leverage the use of external reinsurance, which would reduce Radian Guaranty’s Minimum Required Assets; and (4) the level of capital we expect to maintain at our mortgage insurance subsidiaries in excess of the amount required to satisfy the PMIERs Financial Requirements. We are actively considering alternatives to optimize the use of our holding company liquidity to support Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. These alternatives could take the form of direct contributions of cash and securities or the potential use of surplus notes.
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Radian Guaranty’s Risk-to-capital was 16.5 to 1 as of September 30, 2015. See Note 13 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information. Given our current financial projections for Radian Guaranty, which are subject to risks and uncertainties, we expect Radian Guaranty’s Risk-to-capital to generally decrease over time. Radian Guaranty is not expected to need additional capital to satisfy current applicable state insurance regulatory requirements. Our combined Risk-to-capital, which represents the consolidated Risk-to-capital measure for all of our Mortgage Insurance subsidiaries, was 17.9 to 1 as of September 30, 2015.
Radian Group may also be required to provide capital support for Radian Guaranty and our other mortgage insurance subsidiaries if additional capital is required pursuant to future changes to insurance laws and regulations. The NAIC is in the process of reviewing the minimum capital and surplus requirements for mortgage insurers and considering changes to the Model Act. While the outcome of this process is not known, it is possible that among other changes, the NAIC will recommend and adopt more stringent capital requirements than currently exist under the Model Act, which could increase the capital requirements for Radian Guaranty in states that adopt the new Model Act. While we expect that the capital requirements may increase as a result of changes to the Model Act, we do not believe the changes to the Model Act will result in financial requirements that require greater capital than will be required under the final PMIERs Financial Requirements.
Dividends. Our quarterly common stock dividend is currently $0.0025 per share and, based on our current outstanding shares of common stock, we would require approximately $2.1 million in the aggregate to pay our quarterly dividends for the next 12 months. Radian Group’s ability to pay dividends is subject to limitations under Delaware law that are applicable to corporations that are incorporated in Delaware. Delaware corporation law provides that dividends are only payable out of a corporation’s capital surplus or (subject to certain limitations) recent net profits. As of September 30, 2015, our capital surplus was $2.4 billion, representing our dividend limitation under Delaware law.
IRS Matter. In addition to the items discussed above, in the event a compromised settlement agreement is reached in Radian Group’s ongoing dispute with the IRS, Radian Group may be required to make a payment to the U.S. Treasury to resolve our dispute with the IRS related to the Deficiency Amount from the examination of our 2000 through 2007 consolidated federal income tax returns. On September 1, 2015, we received a notice that the case had been scheduled for trial commencing on February 1, 2016. However, the parties have jointly filed, and the U.S. Tax Court has approved, motions for continuance in this matter to postpone the trial date. We can provide no assurance regarding the outcome of this IRS litigation, which may take several years to resolve, or whether a compromised settlement with the IRS will ultimately be reached. As such, there remains significant uncertainty with regard to the amount and timing of any potential payments. See Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Radian Group—Long-Term Liquidity Needs, below, for additional information regarding the IRS matter.
Sources of Liquidity. In addition to existing available cash and marketable securities, payments made to Radian Group under expense-sharing arrangements with our subsidiaries, as discussed above, represent Radian Group’s principal source of cash to fund short-term liquidity needs. In addition, Radian Group expects to receive a modest amount of dividends from Clayton, to the extent available. If Radian Group’s current sources of liquidity are insufficient for Radian Group to fund its obligations during the next 12 months, or if we otherwise decide to increase our liquidity position, Radian Group may seek additional capital by incurring additional debt, by issuing additional equity, or by selling assets, which we may not be able to do on favorable terms, if at all.
We regularly evaluate opportunities, based on market conditions, to finance our operations by accessing the capital markets or other types of indebtedness with institutional lenders, and consider various measures to improve our capital and liquidity positions, as well as to strengthen our balance sheet and improve our debt maturity profile. In the past, we have repurchased and exchanged, prior to maturity, some of our outstanding debt, and in the future, we may, from time to time, seek to redeem, repurchase or exchange for other securities, some or all of our outstanding debt, prior to maturity, in the open market, through other public or private transactions, including pursuant to one or more tender offers, or through any combination of the foregoing, as circumstances may allow. We may incur additional indebtedness to refinance all or a portion of our long-term debt or for other purposes, but we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, if at all. The timing or amount of any potential transactions will depend on a number of factors, including market opportunities and our views regarding our capital and liquidity positions and potential future needs.
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Radian Group—Long-Term Liquidity Needs
In addition to our short-term liquidity needs discussed above, our most significant needs for liquidity beyond the next 12 months are:

(1) | the repayment of our outstanding long-term debt, including:

• | $195.5 million principal amount of outstanding debt due in June 2017;

• | $60.9 million principal amount of convertible debt due in November 2017, which must be settled in cash, plus, any related conversion premium which may, at our option, be settled in cash, common shares or a combination thereof (of which, $8.5 million aggregate principal amount was settled in October 2015, as discussed above);

• | $400 million principal amount of convertible debt due in March 2019 for which the principal amount and any conversion premium may, at our option, be settled in cash, common shares or a combination thereof (of which, $10.0 million aggregate principal amount is expected to settle in November 2015, as discussed above);

• | $300 million principal amount of outstanding debt due in June 2019; and

• | $350 million principal amount of outstanding debt due in June 2020;

(2) | potential additional capital contributions to our subsidiaries, including potential additional contributions related to compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements; and

(3) | potential payments to the U.S. Treasury resulting from our ongoing dispute with the IRS relating to the examination of our 2000 through 2007 consolidated federal income tax returns by the IRS, as discussed below.

On September 4, 2014, we received Notices of Deficiency covering the 2000 through 2007 tax years that assert unpaid taxes and penalties of approximately $157 million. The Deficiency Amount has not been reduced to reflect our NOL carryback ability. As of September 30, 2015, there also would be interest of approximately $122 million related to these matters. Depending on the outcome, additional state income taxes, penalties and interest (estimated in the aggregate to be approximately $31 million as of September 30, 2015) also may become due when a final resolution is reached. The Notices of Deficiency also reflected additional amounts due of approximately $105 million, which are primarily associated with the disallowance of the previously filed carryback of our 2008 NOL to the 2006 and 2007 tax years. We believe that the disallowance of our 2008 NOL carryback is a precautionary position by the IRS and that we will ultimately maintain the benefit of this NOL carryback claim.
Radian Group and RGRI are parties to an Assumption and Indemnification Agreement with regard to a portion of the Deficiency Amount. This indemnification agreement was made in lieu of an immediate capital contribution to RGRI that otherwise would have been required for RGRI to maintain its minimum statutory policyholders’ surplus requirements in light of the remeasurement as of December 31, 2011 of uncertain tax positions related to the portfolio of REMIC residual interests.
On December 3, 2014, we petitioned the U.S. Tax Court to litigate the Deficiency Amount. On September 1, 2015, we received a notice that the case had been scheduled for trial commencing on February 1, 2016. However, the parties have jointly filed, and the U.S. Tax Court has approved, motions for continuance in this matter to postpone the trial date. We can provide no assurance regarding the outcome of this IRS litigation, which may take several years to resolve, or whether a compromised settlement with the IRS will ultimately be reached. It is possible that a payment may be required at some point during the litigation process, and there remains significant uncertainty with regard to the amount and timing of any potential payments under the indemnity agreement described above. See Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding the IRS matter.
As of the balance sheet date, certain of our insurance subsidiaries, including Radian Guaranty, have incurred NOLs that could not be carried-back and utilized on a separate company tax return basis. As a result, we are not currently obligated under our tax-sharing agreement to reimburse these subsidiaries for their separate company NOL Carryforward. However, if in a future period our consolidated NOL is fully utilized before a subsidiary has utilized its share of NOLs on a separate entity basis, then Radian Group may be obligated to fund such subsidiary’s share of our consolidated tax liability to the IRS. Currently, we do not expect to fund material obligations under the provisions described in this paragraph with regard to subsidiary NOLs incurred to date.
We expect to meet the long-term liquidity needs of Radian Group with a combination of: (i) available cash and marketable securities; (ii) private or public issuances of debt or equity securities, which we may not be able to do on favorable terms, if at all; (iii) cash received under expense-sharing arrangements with our subsidiaries; and (iv) dividends from our subsidiaries, including Clayton, to the extent available.
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Mortgage Insurance
As of September 30, 2015, our Mortgage Insurance segment maintained claims paying resources of $4.0 billion, which consist of contingency reserves, statutory policyholders’ surplus, unearned premium reserves and loss reserves.
The principal demands for liquidity in our mortgage insurance business include the payment of claims and potential claim settlement transactions, operating expenses (including those allocated from Radian Group) and taxes. The principal sources of liquidity in our mortgage insurance business currently include insurance premiums, net investment income and capital from Radian Group. We believe that the operating cash flows generated by each of our mortgage insurance subsidiaries will provide these subsidiaries with a substantial portion of the funds necessary to satisfy their claim payments, operating expenses and taxes for the foreseeable future. We believe that we have the ability to fund any operating cash flow shortfall from sales and maturities of marketable securities in our investment portfolio maintained at our operating companies. In the event that we are unable to fund excess claim payments and operating expenses through the sale of these marketable securities and from maturing fixed-income investments, we may be required to incur unanticipated capital losses or delays in connection with the sale of less liquid marketable securities held by our operating companies.
On April 1, 2015, Radian Guaranty completed the sale of 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of Radian Asset Assurance for a purchase price of approximately $810 million, pursuant to the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement. After closing costs and other adjustments, Radian Guaranty received net proceeds of $789 million. See Note 2 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement.
On April 17, 2015, the FHFA issued the final PMIERs, setting forth revised requirements for private mortgage insurers, including Radian Guaranty, to remain eligible insurers of loans purchased by the GSEs. The PMIERs were further updated on June 30, 2015. See Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding the PMIERs.
Freddie Mac Agreement
At September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, Radian Guaranty had $210.9 million and $209.3 million, respectively, in a collateral account pursuant to the Freddie Mac Agreement. This collateral account, which contains investments primarily invested in trading securities, is pledged to cover Loss Mitigation Activity on the loans subject to the Freddie Mac Agreement. Subject to certain conditions in the Freddie Mac Agreement, amounts in the collateral account may be released to Radian Guaranty over time to the extent that Loss Mitigation Activity becomes final in accordance with the terms of that agreement. In accordance with these provisions, Radian withdrew approximately $135.9 million from this account in October 2015 related to Loss Mitigation Activity that had become final as of August 31, 2015. Following this withdrawal, if, as of August 29, 2017, the amount of additional Loss Mitigation Activity that has become final in accordance with the Freddie Mac Agreement is less than approximately $74 million, then any shortfall will be paid on that date to Freddie Mac from the funds remaining in the collateral account, subject to certain adjustments designed to allow for any Loss Mitigation Activity that has not become final or any claims evaluation that has not been completed as of that date. Through September 30, 2015, approximately $1 million of additional Loss Mitigation Activity had become final in accordance with the Freddie Mac Agreement and approximately $11 million of additional submitted claims had been rescinded, denied, curtailed or cancelled, but were not yet considered final in accordance with the Freddie Mac Agreement.
Services
As of September 30, 2015, our Services segment maintained cash and cash equivalents totaling $17.5 million, which included restricted cash of $3.4 million.
The principal demands for liquidity in our Services segment include the payment of employee compensation and other operating expenses (including those allocated from Radian Group), interest payments related to the Senior Notes due 2019, and dividends to Radian Group. The principal sources of liquidity in our Services segment are cash generated by operations and, to the extent necessary, capital contributions from Radian Group.
Liquidity levels may fluctuate depending on the levels and contractual timing of our invoicing and the payment practices of the Services clients, in combination with the timing of Services’ payments for employee compensation and to external vendors. The amount, if any, and timing of the Services segment’s dividend paying capacity will depend primarily on the amount of excess cash flow generated by the segment.
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We believe that the cash flows generated by Services’ operations will provide the funds necessary to satisfy the Services segment’s needs for the foreseeable future. However, the segment’s activities are primarily affected by transaction volume, which is subject to fluctuation due to market conditions and depends on maintaining successful client relationships. Dividend payments to Radian Group would be adversely impacted and funding support may be required for the Services segment if unanticipated events and circumstances were to result in lower earnings or cash flow than expected. In the event the cash flow from operations of the Services segment is not adequate to fund all of its needs, Radian Group may be required to provide additional funds to the Services segment in the form of a capital contribution or an intercompany note.
Reconciliation of Consolidated Net Income to Cash Used in Operations
The following table reconciles consolidated net income to cash flows used in operations for the periods indicated:

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In thousands) | 2015 |  | 2014
Net income | $ | 212,396 |  |  | $ | 531,182 |
Less: Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | 5,385 |  |  | 149,634 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities: |  |  |
Net gains on investments and other financial instruments recognized in earnings | (49,095 | ) |  | (62,006 | )
Loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment | 91,887 |  |  | — |
Net payments related to derivative contracts and VIEs (1) | (3,203 | ) |  | (68 | )
Commutation-related charges | — |  |  | 1,105 |
Deferred income tax provision (benefit) | 129,835 |  |  | (1,327 | )
Amortization and impairment of intangible assets | 9,577 |  |  | 3,294 |
Depreciation and amortization, net | 43,747 |  |  | 42,755 |
Change in: |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable | 20,805 |  |  | (11,420 | )
Deferred policy acquisition costs | (1,428 | ) |  | 2,146 |
Reinsurance recoverables | 16,094 |  |  | 22,940 |
Unearned premiums | 32,434 |  |  | 58,197 |
Reserve for losses and LAE | (461,462 | ) |  | (576,807 | )
Other assets | 3,047 |  |  | 21,193 |
Other liabilities | (45,242 | ) |  | (73,821 | )
Net cash used in operating activities, continuing operations | (5,993 | ) |  | (192,271 | )
Net cash used in operating activities, discontinued operations | (1,759 | ) |  | (29,891 | )
Net cash used in operating activities | $ | (7,752 | ) |  | $ | (222,162 | )

_____________

(1) | Cash item.

Net cash used in operating activities decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 compared to the same period of 2014, primarily as a result of a decrease in total paid claims.
Stockholders’ Equity
Stockholders’ equity was $2.4 billion at September 30, 2015, compared to $2.1 billion at December 31, 2014. The increase in stockholders’ equity resulted primarily from: (i) our net income of $212.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2015; and (ii) the impact of our recently completed debt and equity transactions to strengthen Radian’s capital position, which increased stockholder’s equity by $159.0 million, excluding the $70 million after-tax impact from the loss on induced conversion and debt extinguishment already reflected in net income. See 2015 Developments—Debt and Equity Transactions for additional information.
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Ratings
Radian Group and Radian Guaranty have been assigned the ratings set forth in the chart below. We believe that ratings often are considered by others in assessing our credit strength and the financial strength of our primary mortgage insurance subsidiary.

| Moody’s (1) |  | S&P (2)
Radian Group | B1 |  | B
Radian Guaranty | Ba1 |  | BB

___________________

(1) | Moody’s outlook for Radian Group and Radian Guaranty is currently Positive.

(2) | S&P’s outlook for Radian Group and Radian Guaranty is currently Positive.

Recent Ratings Actions
Changes during current quarter. There were no ratings changes during the current quarter.
Changes during prior quarters. On June 25, 2015, Moody’s upgraded Radian Group’s credit rating for its senior unsecured debt from B2 to B1, with a positive outlook. The upgrade reflects Moody’s view that our recent debt issuance of Senior Notes due 2020, along with the purchases of a portion of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017: (1) meaningfully improves Radian Group’s debt maturity profile; and (2) better aligns debt maturities with the expected timing of dividend capacity from our subsidiaries. In addition, Moody’s noted that the final PMIERs reduced the amount of additional capital required at Radian Guaranty as compared to the amount originally estimated under the proposed PMIERs requirements, further relieving the demand on Radian Group’s liquidity resources. Radian Guaranty’s credit rating was unchanged, reflecting Moody’s observation that although the debt issuance is also positive for Radian Guaranty, its plan to attain compliance with the PMIERs has not yet been implemented.
On April 1, 2015, Moody’s upgraded Radian Group’s credit rating on its senior unsecured notes from B3 to B2 and Radian Guaranty’s insurance financial strength rating from Ba2 to Ba1, with a Stable outlook for Radian Group and a Positive outlook for Radian Guaranty. The upgrades reflect Moody’s view that the sale of Radian Asset Assurance increases the amount of capital readily accessible to Radian Guaranty, and strengthens its capital adequacy relative to its insured mortgage exposures. In addition, completion of the sale of Radian Asset Assurance is an important step towards attaining PMIERs compliance, and helps defend against the potential for erosion of Radian Guaranty’s franchise due to actual or perceived difficulties in becoming compliant.
On March 9, 2015, S&P upgraded Radian Group’s credit rating from B- to B and Radian Guaranty’s insurance financial strength rating from BB- to BB, based on their revised mortgage insurance criteria, with a Positive outlook for both Radian Group and Radian Guaranty. Among the positive factors driving these ratings changes, S&P cited Radian Guaranty’s ability to compete effectively and profitably in the mortgage insurance market and its high liquidity ratio. S&P cited that their positive outlook reflects Radian Group’s potential for continued strengthening in operating performance and capitalization, and its sustained market share. S&P’s assessment also incorporates their view of the intermediate risk inherent in the U.S. mortgage insurance industry associated with the structural aspect of the mortgage and housing markets and U.S. macroeconomic factors.
Critical Accounting Policies
As of the filing date of this report, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting policies from those discussed in our 2014 Form 10-K. See Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted that may impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, earnings, cash flows or disclosures.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Market risk represents the potential for loss due to adverse changes in the value of financial instruments as a result of changes in market conditions. Examples of market risk include changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, credit spreads and equity prices. We perform a sensitivity analysis to determine the effects of market risk exposures on our investment securities. Our sensitivity analysis for interest rates is generally calculated as a parallel shift in yield curve with all other factors remaining constant. This analysis is performed by determining the potential loss in future earnings, fair values or cash flows of market-risk-sensitive instruments resulting from one or more selected hypothetical changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices.
Interest-Rate Risk
The primary market risk in our investment portfolio is interest-rate risk, namely the fair value sensitivity of a fixed-income security to changes in interest rates. We regularly analyze our exposure to interest-rate risk and have determined that the fair value of our interest-rate sensitive investment assets is materially exposed to changes in interest rates.
We estimate the changes in fair value of our fixed-income securities by projecting an instantaneous increase and decrease in interest rates. Excluding investments classified as assets held for sale as a result of the Radian Asset Assurance Stock Purchase Agreement, the carrying value of our investment portfolio at September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014 was $4.4 billion and $3.6 billion, respectively, of which 98% and 95%, respectively, was invested in fixed-income securities at each period. We calculate duration of our fixed-income securities, expressed in years, in order to estimate interest-rate sensitivity of these securities. At September 30, 2015, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would reduce the market value of our fixed-income securities by $157.4 million, while a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates would increase the market value of our fixed-income securities by $165.4 million. At September 30, 2015, the average duration of the fixed-income portfolio was 3.8 years compared to 3.5 years at December 31, 2014, reflecting an increase in the percentage of corporate bonds and notes as well as a decrease in the percentage of short-term securities in the portfolio.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
As of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, we did not hold any foreign currency denominated securities in our investment portfolio. Exchange gains and losses on foreign currency transactions from our foreign operations have not been material due to the limited amount of business performed in those locations. Currency risk is further limited because, in general, both the revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are denominated in the same functional currency, based on the country in which the operations occur.
Equity Market Price
At September 30, 2015, the market value and cost of the equity securities in our investment portfolio were $65.0 million and $62.5 million, respectively. Included in the market value and cost of our equity securities at September 30, 2015 is $64.0 million and $62.0 million, respectively, of securities classified as trading securities. At December 31, 2014, the market value and cost of the equity securities in our investment portfolio were $215.6 million and $143.9 million, respectively. Included in the market value and cost of our equity securities at December 31, 2014 is $72.3 million and $67.0 million, respectively, of securities classified as trading securities. Exposure to changes in equity market prices can be estimated by assessing potential changes in market values on our equity investments resulting from a hypothetical broad-based decline in equity market prices of 10%. With all other factors remaining constant, we estimated that such a decrease would reduce our investment portfolio held in equity investments by $6.5 million as of September 30, 2015.
Our results of operations include compensation expenses associated with cash-settled equity-based long-term incentive awards, primarily all of which were issued in 2011 and 2012 in the form of performance-based restricted stock unit awards that vested at the end of three-year performance periods. The awards granted in 2011 vested and were paid to grantees in June 2014. The awards granted in 2012 vested and were paid to grantees in June 2015. Therefore, although these awards had produced significant volatility due to their valuation relative to Radian Group’s common stock price, now that substantially all of the awards have vested, this expense volatility is not expected in the future.
Historically, the compensation expense related to our cash-settled equity-based long-term incentive awards was based on the estimated fair value of the liability, and was impacted by changes in our stock price, the number of unvested awards outstanding and, to a lesser extent, other factors. The related liability was adjusted quarterly based on changes in our current stock price during the period and other factors that we utilized to estimate the ultimate payout of each award. For the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, changes in the estimated fair value of the liability for these cash-settled equity-based long-term incentive awards were $4.9 million and $6.4 million, respectively, primarily due to changes in our stock price.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2015, pursuant to Rule 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act. Management necessarily applied its judgment in assessing the costs and benefits of such controls and procedures, which by their nature can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management’s control objectives. Management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures will prevent or detect all errors and fraud. A control system, irrespective of how well it is designed and operated, can only provide reasonable assurance and cannot guarantee that it will succeed in its stated objectives.
Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2015, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. Our internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that: (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect our transactions and dispositions of our assets; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP, and that our receipts and expenditures are being made only in accordance with authorizations of our management and our directors; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of our assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period covered by this report that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
We are routinely involved in a number of legal actions, regulatory inquiries, investigations and reviews, audits and other proceedings, the outcomes of which are uncertain. The legal proceedings could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, injunctions, restitutions or other relief that could require significant expenditures or have other effects on our business. In accordance with applicable accounting standards and guidance, we establish accruals for a legal proceeding only when we determine both that it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss is reasonably estimable. We accrue the amount that represents our best estimate of the probable loss; however, if we can only determine a range of estimated losses, we accrue an amount within the range that, in our judgment, reflects the most likely outcome, and if none of the estimates within the range is more likely, we accrue the minimum amount of the range.
In the course of our regular review of pending legal matters, we determine whether it is reasonably possible that a potential loss relating to a legal proceeding may have a material impact on our liquidity, results of operations or financial condition. If we determine such a loss is reasonably possible, we disclose information relating to such potential loss, including an estimate or range of loss or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. On a quarterly basis, we review relevant information with respect to legal loss contingencies and update our accruals, disclosures and estimates of reasonably possible losses or range of losses based on such reviews. We are often unable to estimate the possible loss or range of loss until developments in such matters have provided sufficient information to support an assessment of the range of possible loss, such as quantification of a damage demand from plaintiffs, discovery from other parties and investigation of factual allegations, rulings by the court on motions or appeals, analysis by experts, and the progress of settlement negotiations. In addition, we generally make no disclosures for loss contingencies that are determined to be remote. For matters for which we disclose an estimated loss, the disclosed estimate reflects the reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amount accrued, if any.
Loss estimates are inherently subjective, based on currently available information, and are subject to management’s judgment and various assumptions. Due to the inherently subjective nature of these estimates and the uncertainty and unpredictability surrounding the outcome of legal and other proceedings, actual results may differ materially from any amounts that have been accrued.
As previously disclosed, we are contesting adjustments resulting from the examination by the IRS of our 2000 through 2007 consolidated federal income tax returns. The IRS opposes the recognition of certain tax losses and deductions that were generated through our investment in a portfolio of non-economic REMIC residual interests and proposed adjustments denying the associated tax benefits of these items. We appealed these proposed adjustments to Appeals and made “qualified deposits” with the U.S. Treasury of approximately $85 million in June 2008 relating to the 2000 through 2004 tax years and approximately $4 million in May 2010 relating to the 2005 through 2007 tax years in order to avoid the accrual of incremental above-market-rate interest with respect to the proposed adjustments.
We made several attempts to reach a compromised settlement with Appeals, but in January 2013, we were notified that Appeals had rejected our latest settlement offer and planned to issue formal Notices of Deficiency related to certain losses and deductions resulting from our investment in the portfolio of non-economic REMIC residual interests, as discussed above. On September 4, 2014, we received Notices of Deficiency covering the 2000 through 2007 tax years that assert unpaid taxes and penalties of approximately $157 million. The Deficiency Amount has not been reduced to reflect our NOL carryback ability. As of September 30, 2015, there also would be interest of approximately $122 million related to these matters. Depending on the outcome, additional state income taxes, penalties and interest (estimated in the aggregate to be approximately $31 million as of September 30, 2015) also may become due when a final resolution is reached. The Notices of Deficiency also reflected additional amounts due of approximately $105 million, which are primarily associated with the disallowance of the previously filed carryback of our 2008 NOL to the 2006 and 2007 tax years. We believe that the disallowance of our 2008 NOL carryback is a precautionary position by the IRS and that we will ultimately maintain the benefit of this NOL carryback claim. On December 3, 2014, we petitioned the U.S. Tax Court to litigate the Deficiency Amount. On September 1, 2015, we received a notice that the case had been scheduled for trial commencing on February 1, 2016. However, the parties have jointly filed, and the U.S. Tax Court has approved, motions for continuance in this matter to postpone the trial date. We can provide no assurance regarding the outcome of any such litigation or whether a compromised settlement with the IRS will ultimately be reached.
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In addition to the litigation discussed above, we are involved in litigation that has arisen in the normal course of our business. We are contesting the allegations in each such pending action and management believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of such litigation will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. However, the outcome of litigation and other legal and regulatory matters is inherently uncertain, and it is possible that one or more of the matters currently pending or threatened could have an unanticipated adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for any particular period.
We are subject to regulatory inquiries, investigations and reviews. In June 2015, we and other mortgage insurers received a letter from the Wisconsin OCI requesting information pertaining to customized insurance rates and terms offered to mortgage insurance customers. We submitted a response to the Wisconsin OCI in June 2015, as requested. Although we believe we are in compliance with applicable Wisconsin state law requirements for mortgage guaranty insurance, we cannot predict the outcome of this matter or whether additional inquiries, actions or proceedings may be pursued against us by the Wisconsin OCI or other regulators.
For a description of previously reported legal proceedings, see Part I, Item 3, “Legal Proceedings,” of our 2014 Form 10-K.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors.
There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in our 2014 Form 10-K, except as set forth below.
Radian Guaranty may fail to maintain its eligibility status with the GSEs.
In order to be eligible to insure loans purchased by the GSEs, mortgage insurers must meet the GSEs’ eligibility requirements. If Radian Guaranty is unable to satisfy one or more of these requirements, Freddie Mac and/or Fannie Mae could restrict Radian Guaranty from conducting certain types of business with them or take actions that may include not purchasing loans insured by Radian Guaranty.
The GSEs recently revised their eligibility requirements for private mortgage insurers. On April 17, 2015, the FHFA issued the final PMIERs setting forth the revised requirements for private mortgage insurers, including Radian Guaranty, to remain eligible insurers of loans purchased by the GSEs. On June 30, 2015, the GSEs updated the PMIERs Financial Requirements to increase the amount of Available Assets that must be held by a private mortgage insurer for loans originated on or after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA. When they become effective on December 31, 2015, the PMIERs Financial Requirements will replace the existing capital adequacy standards under the current eligibility guidelines.
The PMIERs Financial Requirements require that a mortgage insurer’s Available Assets meet or exceed its Minimum Required Assets. Under the final PMIERs, Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets are determined on an aggregate basis, taking into account the assets and insured risk of Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers. Therefore, developments that impact the assets and insured risk of Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers individually (such as capital contributions from Radian Group) also will impact the aggregate Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets, and importantly, Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. As a result, references to Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets take into consideration both Radian Guaranty and its affiliated reinsurers.
At September 30, 2015, Radian Group had immediately available, either directly or through an unregulated subsidiary, unrestricted cash and liquid investments of approximately $745 million. After reflecting fourth quarter cash outflows for: (i) amounts we expect to pay to settle a holder’s conversion of $10.0 million in principal amount of our Convertible Senior Debt due 2019; (ii) a negotiated repurchase of $8.5 million in principal amount of our Convertible Senior Debt due 2017; and (iii) Clayton’s acquisition of ValuAmerica, Inc., Radian Group has immediately available, either directly or through an unregulated subsidiary, unrestricted cash and liquid investments of approximately $710 million. Radian Guaranty is positioned to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements by utilizing a portion of our holding company liquidity. Based on our estimates and assumptions, Radian Guaranty would require approximately $320 million of additional Available Assets to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements at the December 31, 2015 effective date. Among other items, this estimate is based on the assumption that we receive, as expected, approval from the GSEs for the amendments to our existing reinsurance arrangements and receive the PMIERs benefit of approximately $80 million for these arrangements.
It is possible that we have not estimated accurately Radian Guaranty’s Minimum Required Assets and Available Assets under the PMIERs Financial Requirements, which serve as a basis for our projections regarding the amount that Radian Guaranty would require to comply with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. Radian Guaranty’s Minimum Required Assets and/or Available Assets (and consequently, the amount of holding company liquidity required to allow Radian Guaranty to comply with the final PMIERs) may be impacted by, among other things: (1) our ability to receive, as expected, approval from the GSEs for the amendments to our existing reinsurance arrangements and receive the PMIERs benefit for these arrangements; (2) the product mix of our NIW and factors affecting the performance of our mortgage insurance business, including our level of defaults, prepayments, the losses we incur on new or existing defaults and the credit characteristics of our mortgage insurance; (3) whether we elect to leverage the use of external reinsurance, which would reduce Radian Guaranty’s Minimum Required Assets; and (4) the level of capital we expect to maintain at our mortgage insurance subsidiaries in excess of the amount required to satisfy the PMIERs Financial Requirements. We are actively considering alternatives to optimize the use of our holding company liquidity to support Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements. These alternatives could take the form of direct contributions of cash and securities or the potential use of surplus notes.
The utilization of holding company cash to support Radian Guaranty’s compliance with the PMIERs Financial Requirements will leave less liquidity to satisfy Radian Group’s future obligations. Depending on the amount of holding company liquidity that is utilized, we may be required (or may decide) to seek additional capital by incurring additional debt, issuing additional equity, or selling assets, which we may not be able to do on favorable terms, if at all.
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Absent a change in our mortgage insurance pricing, the more onerous financial requirements in the PMIERs for NIW compared to existing capital standards will negatively impact our returns on subsidiary capital. Any potential change in our mortgage insurance pricing likely will depend on competition and our evaluation of projected risk-adjusted returns on the business we write, among other factors. An increase in pricing may not be feasible for a number of reasons, including competition from other private mortgage insurers, the FHA or other credit enhancement products.
The PMIERs Financial Requirements include more onerous financial requirements for loans with a higher likelihood of default and/or certain credit characteristics, such as higher LTVs and lower FICO scores, as well as for loans originated after January 1, 2016 that are insured under lender-paid mortgage insurance policies not subject to automatic termination under the HPA. Therefore, if our mix of business includes a higher percentage of loans that are subject to these increased financial requirements, it would increase the Minimum Required Assets and/or the amount of Available Assets that Radian Guaranty is required to hold. As a result, depending on the circumstances, we may choose to limit the type and volume of business we are willing to write based on the increased financial requirements associated with certain loans. This could reduce the amount of NIW we write, which could reduce our revenues.
The PMIERs provide that the factors that are applied to calculate and determine a mortgage insurer’s Minimum Required Assets will be updated every two years or more frequently, as determined by the GSEs, to reflect changes in macroeconomic conditions or loan performance. As a result, there is some ongoing uncertainty regarding the amount of capital that Radian Guaranty may require in the future in order to remain compliant with the PMIERs Financial Requirements.
The PMIERs contain requirements related to the operations of our mortgage insurance business, including extensive and more stringent operational requirements in areas such as claim processing, loss mitigation, document retention, underwriting, quality control, reporting and monitoring, among others. These increased operational requirements may require changes to our business practices that may result in substantial additional costs in order to achieve and maintain compliance with the PMIERs.
In September 2014, Fannie Mae notified us (and other private mortgage insurers operating under remediation plans under existing eligibility requirements) that until the effective date of the final PMIERs, Radian Guaranty must obtain Fannie Mae’s prior written approval before taking certain actions such as paying dividends, entering into various inter-company agreements and commuting or reinsuring risk, among others. These restrictions are incorporated into the final PMIERs such that Radian Guaranty will be required to obtain the consent of both GSEs before taking certain actions, which could prohibit or delay Radian Guaranty from taking certain actions that would be advantageous to Radian Guaranty or its affiliates, including Radian Group.
Although we expect to retain Radian Guaranty’s eligibility status with the GSEs and to comply with the PMIERs once effective, we cannot provide assurance that this will occur. Loss of Radian Guaranty’s eligibility status with the GSEs would likely have an immediate and material adverse impact on the franchise value of our mortgage insurance business and our future prospects, as well as a material negative impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
Issuance of Unregistered Securities
During 2014, no equity securities of the Company were sold that were not registered under the Securities Act. Over the course of two days on June 22, 2015 and June 23, 2015, in connection with, and as partial consideration for, the purchases of an aggregate principal amount of $389.1 million of our Convertible Senior Notes due 2017 for a combination of cash and shares of Radian Group common stock, we issued an aggregate of 28,403,278 shares of Radian Group common stock to certain holders of the Convertible Senior Notes due 2017. The shares were issued to “qualified institutional buyers” within the meaning of Rule 144A promulgated under the Securities Act and were offered and sold in reliance on the exemption from registration afforded by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act and corresponding provisions of state securities laws. See Notes 10 and 16 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the individual transactions.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases of Radian Group common stock by us (and our affiliated purchasers) during the three months ended September 30, 2015, pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1) |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan or Programs
ASR program |  |  |  |  |  |  |
8/1/2015 to 8/31/2015 | 1,826,960 |  |  | (1) |  | 1,826,960 |  |  | $ | — |
ASR program total | 1,826,960 |  |  | (1) |  | 1,826,960 |  |  | — |
Other purchases | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | 1,826,960 |  |  |  |  | 1,826,960 |  |  | $ | — |

______________________

(1) | On June 18, 2015, we announced that our board of directors had authorized an ASR program to repurchase an aggregate of $202 million of Radian Group common stock. Under this program, the total number of shares ultimately delivered to Radian Group, and therefore, the average price per share, was based on the average of the daily volume-weighted average price of Radian Group common stock during the term of the transaction, less a negotiated discount and subject to certain other adjustments pursuant to the terms and conditions of the program. During the three-month period ended June 30, 2015, 9,201,500 initial shares were repurchased under this program. The counterparty delivered to Radian Group 1,826,960 additional shares of Radian Group common stock at final settlement of the ASR program in August 2015. The total of 11,028,460 shares were purchased pursuant to the ASR at a calculated average price per share of $18.32 during the term of the transaction. Radian Group paid the counterparty $202 million during the second quarter of 2015 for the total shares repurchased pursuant to the ASR program, which was funded from the proceeds of the Senior Notes due 2020.

Item 6. Exhibits.
The information required by this item is set forth on the Exhibit Index that follows the signature page of this report.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Radian Group Inc.
November 6, 2015 | /s/ J. F RANKLIN H ALL
| J. Franklin Hall
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer
| /s/ C ATHERINE M. J ACKSON
| Catherine M. Jackson
| Senior Vice President, Controller

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Name
*+10.1 |  | 2014 Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Equity Compensation Plan, dated as of July 9, 2015, between the Registrant and Sanford A. Ibrahim
*+10.2 |  | 2015 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant Letter under the 2014 Equity Compensation Plan, dated as of July 9, 2015, between the Registrant and Sanford A. Ibrahim
*+10.3 |  | Form of 2015 Stock Option Agreement under the 2014 Equity Compensation Plan
*+10.4 |  | Form of 2015 Performance-Based Restricted Stock Unit Grant Letter under the 2014 Equity Compensation Plan
*12 |  | Statement of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
*31 |  | Rule 13a - 14(a) Certifications
**32 |  | Section 1350 Certifications
*101 |  | Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, the following financial information from Radian Group Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2015, is formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2015 and December 31, 2014, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholders’ Equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 and 2014, and (vi) the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

_______________________
* Filed herewith.
** Furnished herewith.
+ Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement.
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