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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

_____________________________

FORM 10-Q

_____________________________

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2025

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 1-11356

_______________________________

Radian Group Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_______________________________

Delaware |  | 23-2691170
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

550 East Swedesford Road, Suite 350, Wayne, PA 19087

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

(215) 231-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share | RDN | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS:

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practica ble date: 135,489,059 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding on November 4, 2025.

|  | Page
Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms for Selected References |  | 3
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements—Safe Harbor Provisions |  | 7
PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |
Item 1 | Financial Statements (Unaudited) |  | 10
Item 2 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 44
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 65
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures |  | 65
PART II—OTHER INFORMATION |  |
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings |  | 65
Item 1A | Risk Factors |  | 66
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 68
Item 5 | Other Information |  | 68
Item 6 | Exhibits |  | 69
Signatures |  | 70

2

Glossary of Abbreviat ions and Acronyms for Selected References

The following list defines various abbreviations and acronyms used throughout this report, including the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

A number of cross-references to additional information included throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (“2024 Form 10-K”) are also utilized throughout this report, to assist readers seeking additional information related to a particular subject.

Term | Definition
2012 QSR Agreements | Collectively, the quota share reinsurance agreements entered into with a third-party reinsurance provider in the second and fourth quarters of 2012 to cede on a combined basis a portion of NIW originated between the fourth quarter of 2011 and the fourth quarter of 2014
2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance agreement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers in the first quarter of 2016 and subsequently amended in the fourth quarter of 2017 to cede a portion of Single Premium NIW originated between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2017
2018 Single Premium QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance agreement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers in October 2017 to cede a portion of Single Premium NIW originated between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019
2020 Single Premium QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance agreement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers in January 2020 to cede a portion of Single Premium NIW originated between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021
2022 QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede, starting July 1, 2022, a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between January 1, 2022, and June 30, 2023
2023 QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede, starting July 1, 2023, a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between July 1, 2023, and June 30, 2024
2023 XOL Agreement | Excess-of-loss reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to provide reinsurance on a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between October 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022
2024 QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede, starting July 1, 2024, a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between July 1, 2024, and June 30, 2025
2025 QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede, starting July 1, 2025, a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between July 1, 2025, and June 30, 2026
2026 QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede, starting July 1, 2026, a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between July 1, 2026, and June 30, 2027
2027 QSR Agreement | Quota share reinsurance arrangement entered into with a panel of third-party reinsurance providers to cede, starting July 1, 2027, a portion of NIW, which includes both Recurring Premium Policies and Single Premium Policies, originated between July 1, 2027, and June 30, 2028
ABS | Asset-backed securities
All Other | Previously, the category consisting of Radian’s immaterial operating segments and certain other business activities, including our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses that were classified as held for sale and discontinued operations in the third quarter of 2025 for all prior and future periods. All Other also had included: (i) income (losses) from assets held by Radian Group and (ii) related general corporate operating expenses, all of which were reallocated

3

Term | Definition
| to our Mortgage Insurance reportable segment in the third quarter of 2025 for all prior and future periods.
ASU | Accounting Standards Update, issued by the FASB to communicate changes to GAAP
Available Assets | As defined in the PMIERs, assets primarily including the most liquid assets of a mortgage insurer, and reduced by, among other items, premiums received but not yet earned and reinsurance funds withheld
Claim Denial | Our legal right, under certain conditions, to deny a claim
Claim Severity | The total claim amount paid divided by the original coverage amount
CLO | Collateralized loan obligations
CMBS | Commercial mortgage-backed securities
Cures | Loans that were in default as of the beginning of a period and are no longer in default primarily because payments were received such that the loan is no longer 60 or more days past due
Default to Claim Rate | The percentage of defaulted loans that are assumed to result in a claim submission
Eagle Re Issuer(s) | A group of unaffiliated special purpose insurers (VIEs) domiciled in Bermuda, comprising a series of Eagle Re entities related to reinsurance coverage issued starting in 2018
Exchange Act | Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
Fannie Mae | Federal National Mortgage Association
FASB | Financial Accounting Standards Board
FHA | Federal Housing Administration
FHFA | Federal Housing Finance Agency
FHLB | Federal Home Loan Bank of Pittsburgh
FICO | Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) credit scores, for Radian’s portfolio statistics, represent the borrower’s credit score at origination and, in circumstances where there are multiple borrowers, the lowest of the borrowers’ FICO scores is utilized
Freddie Mac | Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
GAAP | Generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., as amended from time to time
GSE(s) | Government-Sponsored Enterprises (Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac)
IBNR | Losses incurred but not reported
IIF | Insurance in force is the aggregate unpaid principal balances of the underlying loans, as reported by mortgage servicers or estimated by us
Inigo | Inigo Limited, a limited liability company incorporated in England and Wales, which, together with its subsidiaries, is a global specialty insurance and reinsurance company, underwriting through Lloyd’s Syndicate 1301, serving some of the world’s largest commercial and industrial enterprises. In September 2025, Radian Group entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Inigo.
LAE | Loss adjustment expenses, which include the cost of investigating and adjusting losses and paying claims
LTV | Loan-to-value ratio, calculated as the ratio of the original loan amount to the original value of the property, expressed as a percentage
Master Repurchase Agreements | Collectively, the agreements entered into by Radian’s Mortgage Conduit business with certain banks to finance the acquisition of mortgage loans and related mortgage loan assets
Minimum Required Asset(s) | A risk-based minimum required asset amount, as defined in the PMIERs, calculated based on net RIF (RIF, net of credits permitted for reinsurance) and a variety of measures related to expected credit performance and other factors

4

Term | Definition
Monthly and Other Recurring Premiums (or Recurring Premium Policies) | Insurance premiums or policies, respectively, where premiums are paid on a monthly or other installment basis, in contrast to Single Premium Policies
Monthly Premium Policies | Insurance policies where premiums are paid on a monthly installment basis
Mortgage Conduit | Radian’s mortgage conduit business, operated primarily through Radian Mortgage Capital, which purchases eligible mortgage loans on the secondary market from residential mortgage lenders with the intent to either sell directly to mortgage investors or distribute into the capital markets through private label securitizations, with the option to hold servicing rights for the loans sold. In the third quarter of 2025, Radian announced the planned divestiture of this and certain other immaterial businesses, resulting in the reclassification of its results to held for sale and discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Mortgage Insurance | Radian’s mortgage insurance business, operated primarily through Radian Guaranty, which provides credit-related insurance coverage for the benefit of mortgage lending institutions and mortgage credit investors, principally through private mortgage insurance on residential first-lien mortgage loans
NIW | New insurance written, representing the aggregate original principal amount of the mortgages underlying the Primary Mortgage Insurance
Parent Guarantees | Separate parent guaranty agreements, entered into by Radian Group in connection with its Mortgage Conduit business, to guaranty the obligations of certain of its subsidiaries in connection with the Master Repurchase Agreements
Persistency Rate | The percentage of IIF that remains in force over a period of time
PMIERs | Private Mortgage Insurer Eligibility Requirements issued by the GSEs under oversight of the FHFA and updated by them from time to time to set forth requirements an approved insurer must meet and maintain to provide mortgage guaranty insurance on loans acquired by the GSEs
PMIERs Cushion | Under PMIERs, Radian Guaranty’s excess of Available Assets over Minimum Required Assets
Pool Mortgage Insurance | Insurance that provides a lender or investor protection against default on a group or “pool” of mortgages, rather than on an individual mortgage loan basis, generally subject to an aggregate exposure limit, or “stop loss” (usually between 1% and 10%), and/or deductible applied to the initial aggregate loan balance of the entire pool, pursuant to the terms of the applicable insurance agreement
Primary Mortgage Insurance | Insurance that provides a lender or investor protection against default on an individual mortgage loan basis, at a specified coverage percentage for each loan, pursuant to the terms of the applicable master policy, which are updated periodically and filed in each of the jurisdictions in which we conduct business
QSR Program | The 2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement, the 2018 Single Premium QSR Agreement, the 2020 Single Premium QSR Agreement, the 2012 QSR Agreements, the 2022 QSR Agreement, the 2023 QSR Agreement, the 2024 QSR Agreement, the 2025 QSR Agreement, the 2026 QSR Agreement and the 2027 QSR Agreement, collectively
Radian | Radian Group Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries
Radian Group | Radian Group Inc., our insurance holding company
Radian Guaranty | Radian Guaranty Inc., a Pennsylvania domiciled insurance subsidiary of Radian Group and our approved insurer under the PMIERs, through which we provide mortgage insurance products and services
Radian Mortgage Capital | Radian Mortgage Capital LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an indirect subsidiary of Radian Group, through which we acquire and sell residential mortgage loans
Radian Title Insurance | Radian Title Insurance Inc., an Ohio domiciled insurance company and an indirect subsidiary of Radian Group, through which we offer title insurance and settlement services

5

Term | Definition
Radian US | Radian US Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation and wholly owned subsidiary of Radian Group
RBC States | Risk-based capital states, which are those states that currently impose a statutory or regulatory risk-based capital requirement
Real Estate Services | Radian’s real estate services business, operated primarily through Radian Real Estate Management LLC, which provides residential real estate management, valuation and due diligence services to single family rental investors, the GSEs and mortgage lenders, servicers and investors. In the third quarter of 2025, Radian announced the planned divestiture of this and certain other immaterial businesses, resulting in the reclassification of its results to held for sale and discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Rescission(s) | Our legal right, under certain conditions, to unilaterally rescind coverage on our mortgage insurance policies if we determine that a loan did not qualify for insurance
RIF | Risk in force; for Primary Mortgage Insurance, RIF is equal to IIF multiplied by the insurance coverage percentage, whereas for Pool Mortgage Insurance, it represents the remaining exposure under the agreements
Risk-to-capital | Under certain state regulations, a maximum ratio of net RIF calculated relative to the level of statutory capital
RMBS | Residential mortgage-backed securities
RSU(s) | Restricted stock unit
SAP | Statutory accounting principles and practices, including those required or permitted, if applicable, by the insurance departments of the respective states of domicile of our insurance subsidiaries
SEC | United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act | Securities Act of 1933, as amended
Senior Notes due 2027 | Our 4.875% unsecured senior notes due March 2027 ($450 million original principal amount)
Senior Notes due 2029 | Our 6.200% unsecured senior notes due May 2029 ($625 million original principal amount)
Single Premium NIW | NIW on Single Premium Policies
Single Premium Policy / Policies | Insurance policies where premiums are paid in a single payment, which includes policies written on an individual basis (as each loan is originated) and on an aggregated basis (in which each individual loan in a group of loans is insured in a single transaction, typically shortly after the loans have been originated)
Statutory RBC Requirement | Risk-based capital requirement imposed by the RBC States, requiring a minimum surplus level and, in certain states, a minimum ratio of statutory capital relative to the level of risk
Title | Radian’s title insurance and settlement services business, operated primarily through Radian Title Insurance and Radian Settlement Services Inc., which serves as a national title insurance underwriter and agency delivering closing and settlement services for purchase, refinance, home equity and default real estate transactions to mortgage lenders and investors, real estate agents, the GSEs and consumers. In the third quarter of 2025, Radian announced the planned divestiture of this and certain other immaterial businesses, resulting in the reclassification of its results to held for sale and discontinued operations for all periods presented.
VIE | Variable interest entity
XOL Program | The credit risk protection obtained by Radian Guaranty in the form of excess-of-loss reinsurance, which indemnifies the ceding company against loss in excess of a specific agreed level, up to a specified limit. The program includes reinsurance agreements with the Eagle Re Issuers in connection with various issuances of mortgage insurance-linked notes, as well as more traditional XOL reinsurance agreements with third-party reinsurers.

6

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
—Safe Harbor Provisions

All statements in this report that address events, developments or results that we expect or anticipate may occur in the future are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act, Section 21E of the Exchange Act and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In most cases, forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as “anticipate,” “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “would,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “goal,” “pursue,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “seek,” “strategy,” “future,” “likely” or the negative or other variations on these words and other similar expressions. These statements, which may include, without limitation, projections regarding our future performance and financial condition, statements regarding the expected completion, financing and timing of the proposed acquisition of Inigo and its impact on Radian, and statements regarding the planned divestitures of our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses, are made on the basis of management’s current views and assumptions with respect to future events. These statements speak only as of the date they were made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. We operate in a changing environment where new risks emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks that may affect us. The forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, and the forward-looking statements, as well as our prospects as a whole, are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation:

■
the health of the U.S. housing market generally and changes in economic conditions that impact the size of the insurable mortgage market, the credit performance of our insured mortgage portfolio, the returns on our investments in residential mortgage loans and other mortgage assets acquired through our Mortgage Conduit business and other investments held in our investment portfolio, as well as our business prospects, including: changes resulting from inflationary pressures, the interest rate environment and the risk of recession and higher unemployment rates; other macroeconomic stresses and uncertainties, including potential impacts related to the recent regulatory and legislative actions and responses thereto, as well as other political and geopolitical events, civil disturbances and endemics/pandemics or extreme weather events and other natural disasters that may adversely affect regional economic conditions and housing markets;
■
the primary and secondary impacts of government actions and executive orders, including regulatory and legislative actions, tariffs and trade policies, reductions in the federal workforce and most recently the government shutdown, as well as legal challenges and other responses to those actions, and related uncertainty, volatility and potential disruptions in the U.S. and global financial markets;
■
changes in the way customers, investors, ratings agencies, regulators or legislators perceive our performance, financial strength and future prospects;
■
Radian Guaranty’s ability to remain eligible under the PMIERs to insure loans purchased by the GSEs;
■
our ability to maintain an adequate level of capital in our subsidiaries, including for our insurance subsidiaries to satisfy current and future regulatory requirements;
■
changes in the charters or business practices of, or rules or regulations imposed by or applicable to, the GSEs or loans purchased by the GSEs, or changes in the requirements for Radian Guaranty to remain an approved insurer to the GSEs, such as changes in the PMIERs or the GSEs’ interpretation and application of the PMIERs or other applicable requirements;
■
changes in the current housing finance system in the United States, including the roles and areas of primary focus of the FHA, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (“VA”), the GSEs and private mortgage insurers in this system;
■
our ability to successfully execute and implement our capital plans, including our risk distribution strategy through the capital markets, traditional reinsurance markets or other strategies, and to maintain sufficient holding company liquidity to meet our ongoing liquidity needs;
■
our ability to successfully execute and implement our business plans and strategies, including plans and strategies that may require GSE and/or regulatory approvals and licenses, including regulatory approvals necessary to complete the Inigo acquisition, that are subject to complex compliance requirements that we may be unable to satisfy, or that may expose us to new risks, including those that could impact our capital and liquidity positions;

7

■
risks associated with the Inigo acquisition, including the parties’ ability to complete the Inigo acquisition, on the anticipated timeline or at all; risks related to the uncertainty of expected financial performance and results of Inigo and its businesses following completion of the Inigo acquisition and the ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Inigo acquisition, when expected or at all; and risks associated with the Company’s ability to successfully execute on its strategic shift to become a global multi-line specialty insurer;
■
risks associated with our decision to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses, including: the ability to complete any or all of the divestiture transactions, on the anticipated timeline or at all, including risks and uncertainties related to securing necessary regulatory and third-party approvals and consents; and any disruption of current plans and operations caused by the announcement of the decision to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses;
■
risks related to the quality of third-party mortgage underwriting and mortgage loan servicing, including the timeliness and accuracy of servicer reporting;
■
a decrease in the Persistency Rate of our mortgage insurance on Monthly Premium Policies;
■
competition in the private mortgage insurance industry generally, including competition from current and potential new mortgage insurers, the FHA and the VA and from other forms of credit enhancement, such as any potential GSE-sponsored alternatives to traditional mortgage insurance;
■
U.S. political conditions and legislative and regulatory activity (or inactivity), including adoption of (or failure to adopt) new laws, regulations and executive orders, changes in existing laws, regulations and executive orders, or the way they are interpreted or applied, and adoption of laws, regulations or executive orders that conflict among jurisdictions in which we operate, any of which could be further impacted by the current government shutdown;
■
legal and regulatory claims, assertions, actions, reviews, audits, inquiries or investigations that could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, injunctions, restitutions or other relief that could require significant expenditures, new or increased reserves or have other effects on our business;
■
the possibility that we may fail to estimate accurately, especially in the event of an extended economic downturn or a period of extreme market volatility and economic uncertainty, the likelihood, magnitude and timing of losses in establishing loss reserves for our Mortgage Insurance business or that we may fail to accurately calculate or project our Available Assets and Minimum Required Assets under the PMIERs, which could be impacted by, among other things, the size and mix of our IIF, changes to the PMIERs, the level of defaults in our portfolio, the reported status of defaults in our portfolio (including whether they are subject to mortgage forbearance, a repayment plan or a loan modification trial period), the level of cash flow generated by our insurance operations and our risk distribution strategies;
■
risks associated with investments to diversify and grow our business, or to pursue new lines of business or develop new products and services, and additional financial risks related to these investments, including required changes in our investment, financing and hedging strategies, risks associated with our use of financial leverage, which could expose us to liquidity risks resulting from changes in the fair values of assets, and the risk that we may fail to achieve forecasted results, which could result in lower or negative earnings contribution;
■
the effectiveness and security of our information technology systems and digital products and services, including the risk that these systems, products or services fail to operate as expected or planned or expose us to cybersecurity or third-party risks, including due to malware, unauthorized access, cyberattack, ransomware or other similar events;
■
the amount of dividends, if any, that our insurance subsidiaries may distribute to us, which under applicable regulatory requirements is based primarily on the financial performance of our insurance subsidiaries, and therefore, may be impacted by general economic, competitive and other factors, many of which are beyond our control and, in the case of Radian Guaranty, will require prior approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department for a period of at least three years and no more than five years in connection with the funding for the Inigo acquisition;
■
the ability of our operating subsidiaries to distribute amounts to us under our internal tax- and expense-sharing arrangements, which, for our insurance subsidiaries, are subject to regulatory review and could be terminated at the discretion of such regulators;
■
volatility in our financial results caused by changes in the fair value of our assets and liabilities carried at fair value;
■
changes in GAAP or SAP rules and guidance, or their interpretation;
■
the amount and timing of potential payments or adjustments associated with federal or other tax examinations; and

8

■
our ability to attract, develop and retain key employees.

For more information regarding these risks and uncertainties as well as certain additional risks that we face, you should refer to “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this report and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” included in our 2024 Form 10-K, and to subsequent reports and registration statements filed from time to time with the SEC. We caution you not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are current only as of the date on which we issued this report. We do not intend to, and we disclaim any duty or obligation to, update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information or future events or for any other reason.

9

PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)

INDEX TO ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | Page
Quarterly Financial Statements |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 11
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | 12
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 13
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited) | 14
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 15
Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements |
Note 1 - Description of Business | 17
Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies | 18
Note 3 - Discontinued Operations | 20
Note 4 - Net Income Per Share | 21
Note 5 - Segment Reporting | 22
Note 6 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments | 24
Note 7 - Investments | 27
Note 8 - Reinsurance | 31
Note 9 - Other Assets and Liabilities | 34
Note 10 - Income Taxes | 35
Note 11 - Losses and LAE | 35
Note 12 - Borrowings and Financing Activities | 37
Note 13 - Commitments and Contingencies | 38
Note 14 - Capital Stock | 38
Note 15 - Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 41
Note 16 - Statutory Information | 42

10

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per-share amounts) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments (Notes 6 and 7) |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale—at fair value (amortized cost of $5,360,398 and $5,498,422) |  | $ | 5,074,425 |  |  | $ | 5,062,405 |
Trading—at fair value (amortized cost of $78,021 and $89,479) |  |  | 74,595 |  |  |  | 82,652 |
Equity securities—at fair value (cost of $82,667 and $144,579) |  |  | 75,540 |  |  |  | 138,189 |
Other long-term invested assets—at fair value |  |  | 8,830 |  |  |  | 7,942 |
Short-term investments—at fair value (includes $118,649 and $125,723 of reinvested cash collateral held under securities lending agreements) |  |  | 618,644 |  |  |  | 410,643 |
Total investments |  |  | 5,852,034 |  |  |  | 5,701,831 |
Cash |  |  | 15,258 |  |  |  | 19,220 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 30 |
Accrued investment income |  |  | 43,031 |  |  |  | 44,308 |
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | 128,765 |  |  |  | 120,990 |
Reinsurance recoverables (includes $1,430 and $444 for paid losses) |  |  | 44,837 |  |  |  | 34,559 |
Deferred policy acquisition costs |  |  | 16,711 |  |  |  | 17,746 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 18,663 |  |  |  | 23,369 |
Prepaid federal income taxes (Note 10) |  |  | 1,012,629 |  |  |  | 921,080 |
Other assets (Note 9) |  |  | 350,350 |  |  |  | 358,962 |
Assets held for sale (Note 3) |  |  | 722,514 |  |  |  | 1,447,440 |
Total assets |  | $ | 8,204,803 |  |  | $ | 8,689,535 |
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve for losses and LAE (Note 11) |  | $ | 387,650 |  |  | $ | 354,431 |
Unearned premiums |  |  | 166,165 |  |  |  | 188,337 |
Senior notes (Note 12) |  |  | 1,067,251 |  |  |  | 1,065,337 |
Other borrowings (Note 12) |  |  | 60,401 |  |  |  | 45,865 |
Net deferred tax liability |  |  | 910,256 |  |  |  | 772,232 |
Other liabilities (Note 9) |  |  | 410,232 |  |  |  | 399,282 |
Liabilities held for sale (Note 3) |  |  | 550,399 |  |  |  | 1,240,193 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 3,552,354 |  |  |  | 4,065,677 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13) |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock ($0.001 par value; 485,000 shares authorized; 2025: 156,876 and 135,473 shares issued and outstanding, respectively; 2024: 168,350 and 147,569 shares issued and outstanding, respectively) |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 168 |
Treasury stock, at cost (2025: 21,403 shares; 2024: 20,782 shares) |  |  | (989,352 | ) |  |  | (968,246 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 855,320 |  |  |  | 1,246,826 |
Retained earnings |  |  | 5,012,742 |  |  |  | 4,695,348 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (Note 15) |  |  | (226,418 | ) |  |  | (350,238 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 4,652,449 |  |  |  | 4,623,858 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 8,204,803 |  |  | $ | 8,689,535 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

11

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands, except per-share amounts) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net premiums earned (Note 8) |  | $ | 237,103 |  |  | $ | 235,144 |  |  | $ | 704,673 |  |  | $ | 703,961 |
Net investment income (Note 7) |  |  | 63,399 |  |  |  | 69,349 |  |  |  | 186,081 |  |  |  | 202,603 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments (includes net realized gains (losses) on investments of $808, $2,401, $(2,686) and $(4,299)) (Note 7) |  |  | 1,285 |  |  |  | 6,721 |  |  |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 2,403 |
Other income |  |  | 1,399 |  |  |  | 2,166 |  |  |  | 4,683 |  |  |  | 4,663 |
Total revenues |  |  | 303,186 |  |  |  | 313,380 |  |  |  | 896,572 |  |  |  | 913,630 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses |  |  | 17,886 |  |  |  | 6,346 |  |  |  | 45,180 |  |  |  | (2,309 | )
Policy acquisition costs |  |  | 7,166 |  |  |  | 6,724 |  |  |  | 20,759 |  |  |  | 20,040 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 62,256 |  |  |  | 64,112 |  |  |  | 189,342 |  |  |  | 189,220 |
Interest expense (Note 12) |  |  | 17,184 |  |  |  | 21,892 |  |  |  | 51,101 |  |  |  | 71,456 |
Total expenses |  |  | 104,492 |  |  |  | 99,074 |  |  |  | 306,382 |  |  |  | 278,407 |
Pretax income from continuing operations |  |  | 198,694 |  |  |  | 214,306 |  |  |  | 590,190 |  |  |  | 635,223 |
Income tax provision |  |  | 45,892 |  |  |  | 47,751 |  |  |  | 130,813 |  |  |  | 138,663 |
Net income from continuing operations |  |  | 152,802 |  |  |  | 166,555 |  |  |  | 459,377 |  |  |  | 496,560 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (11,359 | ) |  |  | (14,663 | ) |  |  | (31,580 | ) |  |  | (40,411 | )
Net income |  | $ | 141,443 |  |  | $ | 151,892 |  |  | $ | 427,797 |  |  | $ | 456,149 |
Net income per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | $ | 3.28 |  |  | $ | 3.24 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (0.08 | ) |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  |  | (0.23 | ) |  |  | (0.26 | )
Basic net income per share |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 3.05 |  |  | $ | 2.98 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 3.25 |  |  | $ | 3.21 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (0.08 | ) |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  |  | (0.22 | ) |  |  | (0.26 | )
Diluted net income per share |  | $ | 1.03 |  |  | $ | 0.99 |  |  | $ | 3.03 |  |  | $ | 2.95 |
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding—basic |  |  | 137,003 |  |  |  | 151,846 |  |  |  | 140,265 |  |  |  | 153,199 |
Weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 137,926 |  |  |  | 153,073 |  |  |  | 141,410 |  |  |  | 154,607 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

12

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income |  | $ | 141,443 |  |  | $ | 151,892 |  |  | $ | 427,797 |  |  | $ | 456,149 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax (Note 15) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments arising during the period for which an allowance for expected losses has not been recognized |  |  | 45,658 |  |  |  | 144,501 |  |  |  | 119,250 |  |  |  | 92,738 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains (losses) on investments included in net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gains (losses) on disposals and non-credit related impairment losses |  |  | (686 | ) |  |  | 448 |  |  |  | (4,166 | ) |  |  | (4,889 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments |  |  | 46,344 |  |  |  | 144,053 |  |  |  | 123,416 |  |  |  | 97,627 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) from investments recorded as assets held for sale |  | 179 |  |  |  | 158 |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | 192 |
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss), net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | (68 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  |  | 46,523 |  |  |  | 144,211 |  |  |  | 123,820 |  |  |  | 97,751 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 187,966 |  |  | $ | 296,103 |  |  | $ | 551,617 |  |  | $ | 553,900 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

13

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 157 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 173 |
Issuance of common stock under incentive and benefit plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 2 |
Shares repurchased under share repurchase program (Note 14) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (13 | ) |  |  | (4 | )
Balance, end of period |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 171 |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 171 |
Treasury stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  |  | (988,764 | ) |  |  | (967,218 | ) |  |  | (968,246 | ) |  |  | (945,870 | )
Repurchases of common stock under incentive plans |  |  | (588 | ) |  |  | (499 | ) |  |  | (21,106 | ) |  |  | (21,847 | )
Balance, end of period |  |  | (989,352 | ) |  |  | (967,717 | ) |  |  | (989,352 | ) |  |  | (967,717 | )
Additional paid-in capital |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  |  | 847,399 |  |  |  | 1,356,341 |  |  |  | 1,246,826 |  |  |  | 1,430,594 |
Issuance of common stock under incentive and benefit plans |  |  | 1,774 |  |  |  | 1,205 |  |  |  | 3,612 |  |  |  | 3,592 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 6,135 |  |  |  | 6,985 |  |  |  | 38,837 |  |  |  | 31,025 |
Shares repurchased under share repurchase program, net of excise tax (Note 14) |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | (49,485 | ) |  |  | (433,955 | ) |  |  | (150,165 | )
Balance, end of period |  |  | 855,320 |  |  |  | 1,315,046 |  |  |  | 855,320 |  |  |  | 1,315,046 |
Retained earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  |  | 4,906,830 |  |  |  | 4,470,335 |  |  |  | 4,695,348 |  |  |  | 4,243,759 |
Net income |  |  | 141,443 |  |  |  | 151,892 |  |  |  | 427,797 |  |  |  | 456,149 |
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared |  |  | (35,531 | ) |  |  | (37,774 | ) |  |  | (110,403 | ) |  |  | (115,455 | )
Balance, end of period |  |  | 5,012,742 |  |  |  | 4,584,453 |  |  |  | 5,012,742 |  |  |  | 4,584,453 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  |  | (272,941 | ) |  |  | (377,311 | ) |  |  | (350,238 | ) |  |  | (330,851 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax (1) |  |  | 46,523 |  |  |  | 144,211 |  |  |  | 123,775 |  |  |  | 97,819 |
Other adjustments to other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | (68 | )
Balance, end of period |  |  | (226,418 | ) |  |  | (233,100 | ) |  |  | (226,418 | ) |  |  | (233,100 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 4,652,449 |  |  | $ | 4,698,853 |  |  | $ | 4,652,449 |  |  | $ | 4,698,853 |

(1)
Includes net unrealized gains (losses) from investments rec orded as assets held for sale.

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

14

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 427,797 |  |  | $ | 456,149 |
Less: Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (31,580 | ) |  |  | (40,411 | )
Net income from continuing operations |  |  | 459,377 |  |  |  | 496,560 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (gains) losses on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | (1,135 | ) |  |  | (2,403 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,275 |
Depreciation, other amortization and other impairments, net |  |  | 43,678 |  |  |  | 46,595 |
Deferred income tax provision |  |  | 126,861 |  |  |  | 134,704 |
Change in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued investment income |  |  | 1,277 |  |  |  | (91 | )
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | (7,775 | ) |  |  | (12,756 | )
Reinsurance recoverable |  |  | (10,278 | ) |  |  | (6,957 | )
Deferred policy acquisition costs |  |  | 1,035 |  |  |  | 288 |
Prepaid federal income tax |  |  | (91,549 | ) |  |  | (120,016 | )
Other assets |  |  | 16,195 |  |  |  | 20,684 |
Unearned premiums |  |  | (22,172 | ) |  |  | (27,389 | )
Reserve for losses and LAE |  |  | 33,219 |  |  |  | (7,969 | )
Reinsurance funds withheld |  |  | 9,396 |  |  |  | 8,246 |
Other liabilities |  |  | (11,918 | ) |  |  | (25,244 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, continuing operations |  |  | 546,211 |  |  |  | 508,527 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities, discontinued operations |  |  | (833,343 | ) |  |  | (902,684 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  |  | (287,132 | ) |  |  | (394,157 | )
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of: |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities |  |  | 274,713 |  |  |  | 391,612 |
Equity securities |  |  | 39,394 |  |  |  | 28,503 |
Proceeds from redemptions of: |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities |  |  | 611,833 |  |  |  | 640,196 |
Trading securities |  |  | 10,998 |  |  |  | 16,929 |
Purchases of: |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale securities |  |  | (716,299 | ) |  |  | (1,016,926 | )
Equity securities |  |  | (15,345 | ) |  |  | (21,976 | )
Sales, redemptions and (purchases) of: |  |  |  |  |  |
Short-term investments, net |  |  | (203,637 | ) |  |  | 275,139 |
Other assets and other invested assets, net |  |  | (111 | ) |  |  | 1,274 |
Additions to property and equipment |  |  | (3,336 | ) |  |  | (1,391 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, continuing operations |  |  | (1,790 | ) |  |  | 313,360 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities, discontinued operations |  |  | 206,395 |  |  |  | (20,931 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  |  | 204,605 |  |  |  | 292,429 |

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

15

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) (continued)

Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends and dividend equivalents paid |  |  | (110,742 | ) |  |  | (115,227 | )
Issuance of common stock |  |  | 1,027 |  |  |  | 928 |
Repurchases of common stock, including excise taxes paid |  |  | (431,909 | ) |  |  | (149,043 | )
Issuance of senior notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 616,745 |
Redemption of senior notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | (977,079 | )
Proceeds (repayments) of FHLB advances, net (with terms three months or less) |  |  | 2,041 |  |  |  | (11,500 | )
Proceeds from FHLB advances (with terms greater than three months) |  |  | 34,179 |  |  |  | — |
Repayments of FHLB advances (with terms greater than three months) |  |  | (21,684 | ) |  |  | (29,413 | )
Proceeds from credit facility borrowings |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | — |
Repayments of credit facility borrowings |  |  | (50,000 | ) |  |  | — |
Credit facility commitment fees paid |  |  | (409 | ) |  |  | (573 | )
Proceeds (repayments) related to cash collateral for loaned securities, net |  |  | (7,074 | ) |  |  | (32,459 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities, continuing operations |  |  | (534,571 | ) |  |  | (697,621 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities, discontinued operations |  |  | 591,672 |  |  |  | 809,359 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 57,101 |  |  |  | 111,738 |
Increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash |  |  | (25,426 | ) |  |  | 10,010 |
Cash and restricted cash, beginning of period (1) |  |  | 41,472 |  |  |  | 20,065 |
Cash and restricted cash, end of period (1) |  | $ | 16,046 |  |  | $ | 30,075 |
Supplemental noncash information, discontinued operations |  |  |  |  |  |
Transfer from residential mortgage loans held for sale to securitized residential mortgage loans held for investment |  | $ | 767,948 |  |  | $ | 350,875 |
Retention of mortgage servicing and other related rights from residential mortgage loan sales |  |  | 4,835 |  |  |  | 2,189 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities |  |  | 1,186 |  |  |  | 1,242 |

(1)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, includes $22 million and $1 million as of the beginning and end of period, respectively, of cash and restricted cash related to discontinued operations that are included in assets held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, includes $9 million and $5 million as of the beginning and end of period, respectively, of cash and restricted cash related to discontinued operations that are included in assets held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 3 for additional details.

See Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

16

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Description of Business

As a leading U.S. private mortgage insurer, Radian provides solutions that expand access to affordable, responsible and sustainable homeownership and help borrowers achieve their dream of owning a home. We have one reportable business segment, Mortgage Insurance.

In addition, we currently provide other solutions and services through our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses. In the third quarter of 2025, we announced our plans to divest these businesses and reclassified them as discontinued operations. See “Discontinued Operations” below and Note 3 for additional information on the businesses to be divested.

Also in the third quarter of 2025, we announced that Radian Group had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Inigo, a Lloyd’s specialty insurer, as part of the Company’s transformative strategy to become a global multi-line specialty insurer. See “Inigo Acquisition” below for additional information on this pending acquisition.

Mortgage Insurance

We provide credit-related insurance coverage, principally through private mortgage insurance on residential first-lien mortgage loans to mortgage lending institutions and mortgage credit investors. We provide our mortgage insurance products and services through our wholly owned subsidiary, Radian Guaranty.

Private mortgage insurance plays an important role in the U.S. housing finance system because it promotes affordable home ownership and helps protect mortgage lenders and mortgage investors, as well as other beneficiaries such as the GSEs, by mitigating default-related losses on residential mortgage loans. Generally, these loans are made to home buyers who make down payments of less than 20% of the purchase price for their home or, in the case of refinancings, have less than 20% equity in their home. Private mortgage insurance also facilitates the sale of these low down payment loans in the secondary mortgage market, almost all of which are currently sold to the GSEs.

Our total direct primary mortgage IIF and RIF were $280.6 billion and $74.0 billion, respectively, as of September 30, 2025, compared to $275.1 billion and $72.1 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2024.

As our primary mortgage insurance subsidiary, Radian Guaranty is subject to various capital, financial and operational requirements imposed by the GSEs and state insurance regulators. These include the PMIERs financial requirements imposed by the GSEs, as well as risk-to-capital and other risk-based capital measures and surplus requirements imposed by state insurance regulators. Failure to comply with any PMIERs or state regulatory requirements may limit the amount of insurance that Radian Guaranty may write or may prohibit it from writing insurance altogether. The GSEs and state insurance regulators possess significant discretion regarding all aspects of Radian Guaranty’s business. See Note 16 for additional information on PMIERs and other regulatory information.

Discontinued Operations

Following a comprehensive strategic review, which led to our decision to acquire Inigo, we announced the planned divestiture of our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses in September of 2025. This divestiture plan was approved by Radian Group’s board of directors in the third quarter of 2025 and is expected to be completed no later than the third quarter of 2026. Radian has engaged financial advisors to assist with the divestiture of these businesses. As the Company pursues the divestitures, we plan to continue to operate these businesses in the ordinary course.

As a result of the Company’s decision to sell these businesses and our assessment of applicable accounting guidance, we have classified these businesses as held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets and have reflected their results as discontinued operations in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, effective beginning with the quarter ending September 30, 2025. All prior periods have been revised for these changes to conform to the current period presentation.

See Note 2 for information on the accounting policies related to this presentation and Note 3 for additional details related to these businesses.

17

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Inigo Acquisition

In September 2025, Radian entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Inigo for a purchase price of approximately $1.7 billion in a primarily all-cash transaction, subject to adjustment based on the tangible net asset value of Inigo. The obligations of the parties to consummate the transaction are subject to the satisfaction of certain customary closing conditions, including obtaining regulatory and other required approvals. The transaction is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026 and to be funded from Radian’s available liquidity sources, including $600 million provided by Radian Guaranty through a ten-year intercompany loan to Radian Group. See Note 16 for additional information on this intercompany note.

Risks and Uncertainties

In assessing the Company’s current financial condition and developing forecasts of future operations, management has made significant judgments and estimates with respect to potential factors impacting our financial and liquidity position. These judgments and estimates are subject to risks and uncertainties that could affect amounts reported in our financial statements in future periods and that could cause actual results to be materially different from our estimates.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP and include the accounts of Radian Group and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions, and intercompany profits and losses, have been eliminated. As further described in Note 3, certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation to reflect the reclassification of certain businesses as held for sale and discontinued operations. We have condensed or omitted certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP pursuant to the instructions set forth in Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the SEC.

We generally refer to our holding company alone, without its consolidated subsidiaries, as “Radian Group.” We refer to Radian Group together with its consolidated subsidiaries as “Radian,” the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” unless the context requires otherwise. Unless otherwise defined in this report, certain terms and acronyms used throughout this report are defined in the Glossary of Abbreviations and Acronyms included as part of this report.

The financial information presented for interim periods is unaudited; however, such information reflects all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for the fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for the interim periods presented. Such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from our audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP.

To fully understand the basis of presentation, these interim financial statements and related notes contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2024 Form 10-K. The results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any other period.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of our contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. While the amounts included in our condensed consolidated financial statements include our best estimates and assumptions, actual results may vary materially.

Held For Sale Classification

We report a business as held for sale when management has committed to a formal plan to sell the assets, the business is available for immediate sale and is being actively marketed at a price that is reasonable in relation to its fair value, an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated, the sale is probable and expected to be completed within one year, and it is deemed unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be

18

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

made or that the plan will be withdrawn. A business classified as held for sale is reflected at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. If the carrying amount of the business exceeds its estimated fair value, a loss is recognized. Assets and liabilities related to a business classified as held for sale are segregated in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in the period in which the business is classified as held for sale and any prior periods presented. After a business is classified as held for sale, depreciation and amortization expense is not recognized on its assets.

Discontinued Operations

We report the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations if the business is classified as held for sale and represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on our financial results. In the period in which the business meets the criteria of a discontinued operation, its results are reported in income or loss from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for current and prior periods, and include any required adjustment of the carrying amount to its fair value less cost to sell. In addition, tax is allocated between continuing operations and discontinued operations. The amount of tax allocated to discontinued operations is the difference between the tax originally allocated to continuing operations and the tax allocated to the reclassified amount of income from continuing operations in each period.

All amounts included in these notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements relate to continuing operations unless otherwise noted. Cash flows from discontinued operations are reported separately in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 3 for additional details about our discontinued operations and our held for sale assets and liabilities.

Other Significant Accounting Policies

See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for information regarding other significant accounting policies. There have been no significant changes in our significant accounting policies from those discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K, other than those described above in “Held For Sale Classification” and “Discontinued Operations.”

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, an update which enhances income tax disclosures. This guidance requires disaggregated information about an entity’s effective tax rate reconciliation as well as information on income taxes paid. This update is applicable to all public entities and is effective for fiscal years starting after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is permitted. We have determined that the impacts of adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This update requires enhanced disclosures of certain costs and expenses in the notes to the financial statements. This update is applicable to all public entities and is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied prospectively; however, retrospective application is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact the new accounting guidance will have on our disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other-Internal-Use Software: Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use software, which introduces a principles-based approach for determining when costs can be capitalized. Entities are required to start capitalizing software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project, it is probable the project will be completed, and the software will be used to perform the function intended (referred to as the “probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). This update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of an annual reporting period. Adoption is permitted prospectively, retrospectively, or using a modified approach that is based on the status of the project and whether software costs were capitalized before the date of adoption. We are currently evaluating the impact the new accounting guidance will have on our consolidated financial statements.

19

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

3. Discontinued Operations

As further discussed in Note 1, in September 2025, Radian Group entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Inigo. As a result of the comprehensive strategic review that led to Radian’s decision to acquire Inigo, Radian Group’s board of directors also approved a plan to divest its Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses, which is expected to be completed no later than the third quarter of 2026.

In accordance with the accounting policies described in Note 2, we have reclassified the assets and liabilities associated with these businesses as held for sale and reflected their results as discontinued operations in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, effective beginning with the quarter ended September 30, 2025. We have reflected these changes for all prior periods presented in our condensed consolidated financial statements to conform to the current presentation. No general corporate overhead or interest expense was allocated to discontinued operations. The Company expects to dispose of these businesses at their current carrying value and thus no gain or loss was recognized during the quarter ended September 30, 2025.

The assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations have been segregated in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The following table summarizes the major components o f the Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services assets and liabilities held for sale on the condensed consolidated balance sheets for the periods presented.

Assets and liabilities held for sale |
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Assets held for sale |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  |  |  |  |  |
Available for sale—at fair value |  | $ | 41,821 |  |  | $ | 12,515 |
Residential mortgage loans held for sale—at fair value (1) |  |  | 551,897 |  |  |  | 519,885 |
Short-term investments—at fair value |  |  | 73,166 |  |  |  | 111,005 |
Total investments |  |  | 666,884 |  |  |  | 643,405 |
Cash |  |  | 777 |  |  |  | 19,603 |
Restricted cash |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,619 |
Accrued investment income |  |  | 5,842 |  |  |  | 4,745 |
Accounts and notes receivable |  |  | 10,638 |  |  |  | 7,103 |
Reinsurance recoverables |  |  | 1,908 |  |  |  | 1,874 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 2,780 |  |  |  | 4,268 |
Other assets |  |  | 33,685 |  |  |  | 42,516 |
Consolidated VIE assets (2) |  |  |  |  |  |
Securitized residential mortgage loans held for investment—at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | 717,227 |
Other VIE assets |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,080 |
Total assets held for sale |  | $ | 722,514 |  |  | $ | 1,447,440 |
Liabilities held for sale |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Reserve for losses and LAE |  | $ | 5,910 |  |  | $ | 5,895 |
Other borrowings (1) |  |  | 510,342 |  |  |  | 492,429 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 34,147 |  |  |  | 32,274 |
Consolidated VIE liabilities (2) |  |  |  |  |  |
Securitized nonrecourse debt—at fair value |  |  | — |  |  |  | 703,526 |
Other VIE liabilities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,069 |
Total liabilities held for sale |  | $ | 550,399 |  |  | $ | 1,240,193 |

(1)
Radian Mortgage Capital has entered into the Master Repurchase Agreements, which are collateralized borrowing facilities used to finance the acquisition of residential mortgage loans and related mortgage loan assets. As of September 30, 2025, Radian Group has entered into four separate Parent Guarantees to guaranty the obligations under the Master Repurchase Agreements. Currently the combined maximum borrowing amount under the Master Repurchase Agreements is $1.2 billion, of which $510 million was outstanding as of September 30, 2025. See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information.

20

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(2)
During the third quarter of 2025, the Company sold all its retained interests in the VIEs related to Radian Mortgage Capital’s previously issued mortgage loan securitizations. Following those sales, the Company no longer has an economic interest in the securitizations and is therefore no longer considered the primary beneficiary of those VIEs. As a result, the assets, liabilities, operations and cash flows of the VIEs were deconsolidated in the third quarter of 2025, at an immaterial loss.

The income (los s) from discontinued operations, net of tax, consisted of the following components for the periods indicated.

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |
|  | Three months ended September 30, |  |  | Nine months ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net premiums earned |  | $ | 4,624 |  |  | $ | 3,989 |  |  | $ | 11,253 |  |  | $ | 8,760 |
Services revenue |  |  | 12,352 |  |  |  | 11,922 |  |  |  | 35,177 |  |  |  | 37,257 |
Net investment income |  |  | 10,744 |  |  |  | 9,047 |  |  |  | 29,405 |  |  |  | 18,780 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | 2,191 |  |  |  | (4,547 | ) |  |  | (3,234 | ) |  |  | (4,226 | )
Income (loss) on consolidated VIEs |  |  | (2,129 | ) |  |  | 465 |  |  |  | (1,516 | ) |  |  | 465 |
Other income (loss) |  |  | (332 | ) |  |  | (399 | ) |  |  | (903 | ) |  |  | (243 | )
Total revenues |  |  | 27,450 |  |  |  | 20,477 |  |  |  | 70,182 |  |  |  | 60,793 |
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses |  |  | 129 |  |  |  | 543 |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 419 |
Cost of services |  |  | 8,729 |  |  |  | 9,416 |  |  |  | 25,814 |  |  |  | 27,969 |
Other operating expenses |  |  | 23,732 |  |  |  | 21,933 |  |  |  | 62,996 |  |  |  | 71,419 |
Interest expense |  |  | 8,105 |  |  |  | 7,499 |  |  |  | 22,561 |  |  |  | 14,045 |
Total expenses |  |  | 40,695 |  |  |  | 39,391 |  |  |  | 111,470 |  |  |  | 113,852 |
Pretax income (loss) from discontinued operations |  |  | (13,245 | ) |  |  | (18,914 | ) |  |  | (41,288 | ) |  |  | (53,059 | )
Income tax provision (benefit) |  |  | (1,886 | ) |  |  | (4,251 | ) |  |  | (9,708 | ) |  |  | (12,648 | )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  | $ | (11,359 | ) |  | $ | (14,663 | ) |  | $ | (31,580 | ) |  | $ | (40,411 | )

4. Net Income Per Share

Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, while diluted net income per share is computed by dividing net income by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted average number of dilutive potential common shares. Dilutive potential common shares relate to our share-based compensation arrangements.

21

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The calculation of basic and diluted net income per share is as follows.

Net income per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands, except per-share amounts) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income from continuing operations |  | $ | 152,802 |  |  | $ | 166,555 |  |  | $ | 459,377 |  |  | $ | 496,560 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (11,359 | ) |  |  | (14,663 | ) |  |  | (31,580 | ) |  |  | (40,411 | )
Net income—basic and diluted |  | $ | 141,443 |  |  | $ | 151,892 |  |  | $ | 427,797 |  |  | $ | 456,149 |
Average common shares outstanding—basic |  |  | 137,003 |  |  |  | 151,846 |  |  |  | 140,265 |  |  |  | 153,199 |
Dilutive effect of share-based compensation arrangements (1) |  |  | 923 |  |  |  | 1,227 |  |  |  | 1,145 |  |  |  | 1,408 |
Adjusted average common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 137,926 |  |  |  | 153,073 |  |  |  | 141,410 |  |  |  | 154,607 |
Net income per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | $ | 3.28 |  |  | $ | 3.24 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (0.08 | ) |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  |  | (0.23 | ) |  |  | (0.26 | )
Basic net income per share |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  | $ | 1.00 |  |  | $ | 3.05 |  |  | $ | 2.98 |
Diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income from continuing operations |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 3.25 |  |  | $ | 3.21 |
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (0.08 | ) |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  |  | (0.22 | ) |  |  | (0.26 | )
Diluted net income per share |  | $ | 1.03 |  |  | $ | 0.99 |  |  | $ | 3.03 |  |  | $ | 2.95 |

(1)
The following number of shares of our common stock equivalents issued under our share-based compensation arrangements are not included in the calculation of diluted net income per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Shares of common stock equivalents |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | 5 |

5. Segment Reporting

We currently have one reportable segment, Mortgage Insurance, which primarily derives its revenue by providing private mortgage insurance on residential first-lien mortgage loans to mortgage lending institutions and mortgage credit investors.

In addition to this reportable segment, we previously reported in an All Other category activities that consisted of: (i) income (losses) from assets held by Radian Group, our holding company; (ii) general corporate operating expenses not attributable or allocated to our reportable segment; and (iii) the results from certain other immaterial activities and operating segments, including our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses. As further described in Note 3, in the quarter ended September 30, 2025, Radian Group’s board of directors approved a plan to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses. As a result, we have reclassified the results related to these businesses to discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Certain corporate expenses that were previously allocated to these businesses, as well as other general corporate expenses and income (losses) from assets held by Radian Group, were not reclassified to discontinued operations, and therefore have been reallocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment. While we historically have not managed assets by operating segments, the assets related to our non-reportable segments are now segregated as assets held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, with all remaining assets related to our Mortgage Insurance segment.

See Note 1 for additional details about our Mortgage Insurance business.

22

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Adjusted Pretax Operating Income (Loss)

Our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (Radian’s chief operating decision maker), uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of our businesses.

The table below presents details on our Mortgage Insurance segment’s operating results, including a disaggregation of significant segment expenses as monitored by Radian’s chief operating decision maker.

Mortgage Insurance segment operating results |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
($ in thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 301,901 |  |  | $ | 306,659 |  |  | $ | 895,437 |  |  | $ | 911,227 |
Less: expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses |  |  | 17,886 |  |  |  | 6,346 |  |  |  | 45,180 |  |  |  | (2,309 | )
Policy acquisition costs |  |  | 7,166 |  |  |  | 6,724 |  |  |  | 20,759 |  |  |  | 20,040 |
Other operating expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and share-based employee expenses |  |  | 40,357 |  |  |  | 36,937 |  |  |  | 136,004 |  |  |  | 126,530 |
Other non-personnel operating expenses |  |  | 18,108 |  |  |  | 19,768 |  |  |  | 57,603 |  |  |  | 58,795 |
Depreciation expense |  |  | 2,664 |  |  |  | 3,872 |  |  |  | 8,021 |  |  |  | 11,960 |
Ceding Commissions |  |  | (7,556 | ) |  |  | (6,276 | ) |  |  | (21,353 | ) |  |  | (17,877 | )
Total other operating expenses |  |  | 53,573 |  |  |  | 54,301 |  |  |  | 180,275 |  |  |  | 179,408 |
Interest expense |  |  | 17,184 |  |  |  | 21,892 |  |  |  | 51,101 |  |  |  | 67,182 |
Adjusted pretax operating income |  | $ | 206,092 |  |  | $ | 217,396 |  |  | $ | 598,122 |  |  | $ | 646,906 |
Key segment ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss Ratio (1) |  |  | 7.5 | % |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | 6.4 | % |  |  | (0.3 | )%
Expense Ratio (2) |  |  | 25.6 | % |  |  | 26.0 | % |  |  | 28.5 | % |  |  | 28.3 | %

(1)
Calculated as provision for losses expressed as a percentage of net premiums earned.
(2)
Calculated as operating expenses (which consist of policy acquisition costs and other operating expenses) expressed as a percentage of net premiums earned.

The calculation of adjusted pretax operating income, as detailed below, excludes income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented herein.

Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) is defined as pretax income (loss) from continuing operations excluding the effects of: (i) net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments and (ii) impairment of other long-lived assets and other non-operating items, if any, such as gains (losses) from the sale of lines of business, acquisition-related income (expenses) and gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, among others. See Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for detailed information regarding these items excluded from adjusted pretax operating income (loss), including the reasons for their treatment.

Although adjusted pretax operating income (loss) excludes certain items that have occurred in the past and are expected to occur in the future, the excluded items represent those that are: (i) not viewed as part of the operating performance of our primary activities or (ii) not expected to result in an economic impact equal to the amount reflected in pretax income (loss) from continuing operations.

23

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The reconciliation of adjusted pretax operating income to pretax income from continuing operations is as follows.

Reconciliation of adjusted pretax operating income to pretax income from continuing operations |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Adjusted pretax operating income |  | $ | 206,092 |  |  | $ | 217,396 |  |  | $ | 598,122 |  |  | $ | 646,906 |
Reconciling items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | 1,285 |  |  |  | 6,721 |  |  |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 2,403 |
Impairment of other long-lived assets and other non-operating items (1) |  |  | (8,683 | ) |  |  | (9,811 | ) |  |  | (9,067 | ) |  |  | (14,086 | )
Pretax income from continuing operations |  | $ | 198,694 |  |  | $ | 214,306 |  |  | $ | 590,190 |  |  | $ | 635,223 |

(1)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily relates to acquisition-related expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily relates to impairment of internal-use software.

6. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For discussion of our valuation methodologies for assets and liabilities measured at fair value and the fair value hierarchy, see Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following tables include a list of assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value by hierarchy level as of the dates indicated.

24

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value by hierarchy level |
|  | September 30, 2025 |
(In thousands) |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Total |
Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 122,201 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 122,201 |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 172,646 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 172,646 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,489,211 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,489,211 |
RMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 968,792 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 968,792 |
CMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 281,048 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 281,048 |
CLO |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440,175 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440,175 |
Other ABS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 554,016 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 554,016 |
Mortgage insurance-linked notes (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,336 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 46,336 |
Total fixed maturities available for sale |  |  | 122,201 |  |  |  | 4,952,224 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,074,425 |
Fixed maturities trading securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,817 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,817 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,874 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,874 |
RMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,632 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,632 |
CMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,272 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,272 |
Total fixed maturities trading securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74,595 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 74,595 |
Equity securities |  |  | 63,170 |  |  |  | 5,824 |  |  |  | 6,546 |  |  |  | 75,540 |
Other invested assets (2) (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,878 |  |  |  | 5,878 |
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market instruments |  |  | 303,474 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 303,474 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,824 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 32,824 |
Other ABS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,431 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,431 |
Other investments (4) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 279,915 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 279,915 |
Total short-term investments |  |  | 303,474 |  |  |  | 315,170 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 618,644 |
Total investments at fair value (3) |  |  | 488,845 |  |  |  | 5,347,813 |  |  |  | 12,424 |  |  |  | 5,849,082 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loaned securities (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 96,207 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 96,207 |
Equity securities |  |  | 38,186 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 38,186 |
Total assets at fair value (3) |  | $ | 527,031 |  |  | $ | 5,444,020 |  |  | $ | 12,424 |  |  | $ | 5,983,475 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,623 |  |  | $ | 1,623 |

(1)
Includes mortgage insurance-linked notes purchased by Radian Group in connection with the XOL Program. See Note 8 for more information.
(2)
Consists primarily of interests in private debt and equity investments.
(3)
Does not include other invested assets of $3 million that are primarily invested in limited partnership investments valued using the net asset value as a practical expedient.
(4)
Comprises short-term certificates of deposit and commercial paper.
(5)
Securities loaned to third-party borrowers under securities lending agreements are classified as other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 7 for more information on our securities lending agreements.

25

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value by hierarchy level |
|  | December 31, 2024 |
(In thousands) |  | Level I |  |  | Level II |  |  | Level III |  |  | Total |
Investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 113,695 |  |  | $ | 6,545 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 120,240 |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 147,891 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 147,891 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,473,994 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,473,994 |
RMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,011,619 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,011,619 |
CMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,276 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,276 |
CLO |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,462 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 411,462 |
Other ABS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 438,767 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 438,767 |
Mortgage insurance-linked notes (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,156 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 47,156 |
Total fixed maturities available for sale |  |  | 113,695 |  |  |  | 4,948,710 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,062,405 |
Fixed maturities trading securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,844 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50,844 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,941 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 23,941 |
RMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,029 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 3,029 |
CMBS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,838 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,838 |
Total fixed maturities trading securities |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82,652 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 82,652 |
Equity securities |  |  | 128,368 |  |  |  | 3,275 |  |  |  | 6,546 |  |  |  | 138,189 |
Other invested assets (2) (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,908 |  |  |  | 5,908 |
Short-term investments |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market instruments |  |  | 307,827 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 307,827 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,738 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,738 |
Other ABS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,761 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 14,761 |
Other investments (4) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61,317 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 61,317 |
Total short-term investments |  |  | 307,827 |  |  |  | 102,816 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 410,643 |
Total investments at fair value (3) |  |  | 549,890 |  |  |  | 5,137,453 |  |  |  | 12,454 |  |  |  | 5,699,797 |
Other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loaned securities (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 130,256 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 130,256 |
Other ABS |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |
Equity securities |  |  | 8,805 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,805 |
Total assets at fair value (3) |  | $ | 558,695 |  |  | $ | 5,267,769 |  |  | $ | 12,454 |  |  | $ | 5,838,918 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative liabilities |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |
Total liabilities at fair value |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,249 |  |  | $ | 1,249 |

(1)
Includes mortgage insurance-linked notes purchased by Radian Group in connection with the XOL Program. See Note 8 for more information.
(2)
Consists primarily of interests in private debt and equity investments.
(3)
Does not include other invested assets of $2 million that are primarily invested in limited partnership investments valued using the net asset value as a practical expedient.
(4)
Comprises short-term certificates of deposit and commercial paper.
(5)
Securities loaned to third-party borrowers under securities lending agreements are classified as other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 7 for more information on our securities lending agreements.

26

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Other Fair Value Disclosure

The carrying value and estimated fair value of other selected assets and liabilities not carried at fair value on our condensed consolidated balance sheets are as follows as of the dates indicated.

Financial instruments not carried at fair value |
|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
(In thousands) |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |  |  | Carrying Amount |  |  | Estimated Fair Value |
Company-owned life insurance |  | $ | 115,600 |  |  | $ | 115,600 |  |  | $ | 110,968 |  |  | $ | 110,968 |
Senior notes |  |  | 1,067,251 |  |  |  | 1,104,437 |  |  |  | 1,065,337 |  |  |  | 1,088,306 |
Other borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FHLB advances |  | $ | 60,401 |  |  | $ | 60,448 |  |  | $ | 45,865 |  |  | $ | 45,888 |

The fair value of our company-owned life insurance is estimated based on the cash surrender value less applicable surrender charges. These assets are categorized in Level II of the fair value hierarchy and are included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 for further information on our company-owned life insurance.

The fair value of our senior notes is estimated based on quoted market prices. The fair value of our FHLB advances is estimated based on current market rates and contractual cash flows, including any fees that may be required to be paid to the FHLB. These liabilities are all categorized in Level II of the fair value hierarchy. See Note 12 for further information about our senior notes and other borrowings.

7. Investments

Available for Sale Securities

Our available for sale securities within our investment portfolio consist of the following as of the dates indicated.

Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, 2025 |
(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  |  | Fair Value |
Fixed maturities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 149,659 |  |  | $ | 163 |  |  | $ | (27,621 | ) |  |  | $ | 122,201 |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 185,638 |  |  |  | 1,558 |  |  |  | (14,550 | ) |  |  |  | 172,646 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | 2,764,029 |  |  |  | 26,859 |  |  |  | (205,510 | ) |  |  |  | 2,585,378 |
RMBS |  |  | 1,027,209 |  |  |  | 10,591 |  |  |  | (69,008 | ) |  |  |  | 968,792 |
CMBS |  |  | 295,853 |  |  |  | 184 |  |  |  | (14,989 | ) |  |  |  | 281,048 |
CLO |  |  | 439,257 |  |  |  | 1,213 |  |  |  | (295 | ) |  |  |  | 440,175 |
Other ABS |  |  | 550,586 |  |  |  | 5,819 |  |  |  | (2,389 | ) |  |  |  | 554,016 |
Mortgage insurance-linked notes (1) |  |  | 45,384 |  |  |  | 952 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 46,336 |
Total securities available for sale, including loaned securities |  |  | 5,457,615 |  |  | $ | 47,339 |  |  | $ | (334,362 | ) | (2) |  |  | 5,170,592 |
Less: loaned securities (3) |  |  | 97,217 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 96,167 |
Total fixed maturities available for sale |  | $ | 5,360,398 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,074,425 |

27

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Available for sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2024 |
(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  |  |  | Fair Value |
Fixed maturities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 151,955 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (31,714 | ) |  |  | $ | 120,241 |
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 166,114 |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | (18,263 | ) |  |  |  | 147,891 |
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | 2,876,060 |  |  |  | 5,261 |  |  |  | (277,535 | ) |  |  |  | 2,603,786 |
RMBS |  |  | 1,104,708 |  |  |  | 6,965 |  |  |  | (100,055 | ) |  |  |  | 1,011,618 |
CMBS |  |  | 437,314 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | (26,090 | ) |  |  |  | 411,275 |
CLO |  |  | 411,328 |  |  |  | 983 |  |  |  | (849 | ) |  |  |  | 411,462 |
Other ABS |  |  | 442,578 |  |  |  | 1,555 |  |  |  | (5,305 | ) |  |  |  | 438,828 |
Mortgage insurance-linked notes (1) |  |  | 45,447 |  |  |  | 1,709 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 47,156 |
Total securities available for sale, including loaned securities |  |  | 5,635,504 |  |  | $ | 16,564 |  |  | $ | (459,811 | ) | (2) |  |  | 5,192,257 |
Less: loaned securities (3) |  |  | 137,082 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 129,852 |
Total fixed maturities available for sale |  | $ | 5,498,422 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,062,405 |

(1)
Includes mortgage insurance-linked notes purchased by Radian Group in connection with the XOL Program. See Note 8 for more information.
(2)
See “Gross Unrealized Losses and Related Fair Value of Available for Sale Securities” below for additional details.
(3)
Included in other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See “Loaned Securities” below for a discussion of our securities lending agreements.

Gross Unrealized Losses and Related Fair Value of Available for Sale Securities

For securities deemed “available for sale” that are in an unrealized loss position and for which an allowance for credit loss has not been established, the following tables show the gross unrealized losses and fair value, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, as of the dates indicated. Included in the amounts as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are loaned securities that are classified as other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, as further described below under “Loaned Securities.”

28

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Unrealized losses on fixed maturities available for sale by category and length of time |
|  | September 30, 2025 |
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
(In thousands) Description of Securities |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 4,695 |  |  | $ | (466 | ) |  | $ | 100,672 |  |  | $ | (27,155 | ) |  | $ | 105,367 |  |  | $ | (27,621 | )
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 19,551 |  |  |  | (468 | ) |  |  | 92,290 |  |  |  | (14,082 | ) |  |  | 111,841 |  |  |  | (14,550 | )
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | 175,092 |  |  |  | (2,980 | ) |  |  | 1,338,704 |  |  |  | (202,530 | ) |  |  | 1,513,796 |  |  |  | (205,510 | )
RMBS |  |  | 78,589 |  |  |  | (859 | ) |  |  | 556,563 |  |  |  | (68,149 | ) |  |  | 635,152 |  |  |  | (69,008 | )
CMBS |  |  | 3,843 |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | 269,460 |  |  |  | (14,978 | ) |  |  | 273,303 |  |  |  | (14,989 | )
CLO |  |  | 40,727 |  |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | 23,565 |  |  |  | (233 | ) |  |  | 64,292 |  |  |  | (295 | )
Other ABS |  |  | 57,956 |  |  |  | (726 | ) |  |  | 35,215 |  |  |  | (1,663 | ) |  |  | 93,171 |  |  |  | (2,389 | )
Total |  | $ | 380,453 |  |  | $ | (5,572 | ) |  | $ | 2,416,469 |  |  | $ | (328,790 | ) |  | $ | 2,796,922 |  |  | $ | (334,362 | )
|  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  |  | 12 Months or Greater |  |  | Total |
(In thousands) Description of Securities |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |  |  | Fair Value |  |  | Unrealized Losses |
U.S. government and agency securities |  | $ | 5,770 |  |  | $ | (574 | ) |  | $ | 107,886 |  |  | $ | (31,141 | ) |  | $ | 113,656 |  |  | $ | (31,715 | )
State and municipal obligations |  |  | 45,539 |  |  |  | (2,399 | ) |  |  | 78,523 |  |  |  | (15,864 | ) |  |  | 124,062 |  |  |  | (18,263 | )
Corporate bonds and notes |  |  | 748,877 |  |  |  | (18,113 | ) |  |  | 1,552,535 |  |  |  | (259,422 | ) |  |  | 2,301,412 |  |  |  | (277,535 | )
RMBS |  |  | 296,899 |  |  |  | (6,467 | ) |  |  | 559,513 |  |  |  | (93,587 | ) |  |  | 856,412 |  |  |  | (100,054 | )
CMBS |  |  | 15,179 |  |  |  | (139 | ) |  |  | 387,559 |  |  |  | (25,951 | ) |  |  | 402,738 |  |  |  | (26,090 | )
CLO |  |  | 44,350 |  |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | 43,542 |  |  |  | (784 | ) |  |  | 87,892 |  |  |  | (849 | )
Other ABS |  |  | 180,824 |  |  |  | (3,081 | ) |  |  | 45,192 |  |  |  | (2,224 | ) |  |  | 226,016 |  |  |  | (5,305 | )
Total |  | $ | 1,337,438 |  |  | $ | (30,838 | ) |  | $ | 2,774,750 |  |  | $ | (428,973 | ) |  | $ | 4,112,188 |  |  | $ | (459,811 | )

There were 727 and 1,054 securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. We determined that these unrealized losses were due to non-credit factors and that, as of September 30, 2025, we did not expect to realize a loss for our investments in an unrealized loss position given our intent and ability to hold these investment securities until recovery of their amortized cost basis. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for information regarding our accounting policy for impairments of investments.

Contractual Maturities

The contractual maturities of fixed-maturities available for sale are as follows.

Contractual maturities of fixed maturities available for sale |
|  | September 30, 2025 |
(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  |  | Fair Value |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 133,848 |  |  | $ | 132,547 |
Due after one year through five years (1) |  |  | 1,020,087 |  |  |  | 1,000,206 |
Due after five years through 10 years (1) |  |  | 1,018,332 |  |  |  | 1,000,293 |
Due after 10 years (1) |  |  | 927,060 |  |  |  | 747,179 |
Asset-backed and mortgage-backed securities (2) |  |  | 2,358,288 |  |  |  | 2,290,367 |
Total |  |  | 5,457,615 |  |  |  | 5,170,592 |
Less: loaned securities |  |  | 97,217 |  |  |  | 96,167 |
Total fixed maturities available for sale |  | $ | 5,360,398 |  |  | $ | 5,074,425 |

(1)
Actual maturities may differ as a result of calls before scheduled maturity.
(2)
Includes RMBS, CMBS, CLO, Other ABS and mortgage insurance-linked notes, which are not due at a single maturity date.

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Net Investment Income

Net investment inco me consists of the following.

Net investment income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Investment income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities |  | $ | 57,614 |  |  | $ | 59,238 |  |  | $ | 171,617 |  |  | $ | 174,106 |
Equity securities |  |  | 2,446 |  |  |  | 3,047 |  |  |  | 7,225 |  |  |  | 8,653 |
Short-term investments |  |  | 4,503 |  |  |  | 8,564 |  |  |  | 10,853 |  |  |  | 23,898 |
Other (1) |  |  | 1,810 |  |  |  | 1,525 |  |  |  | 5,244 |  |  |  | 4,626 |
Gross investment income |  |  | 66,373 |  |  |  | 72,374 |  |  |  | 194,939 |  |  |  | 211,283 |
Investment expenses (1) |  |  | (2,974 | ) |  |  | (3,025 | ) |  |  | (8,858 | ) |  |  | (8,680 | )
Net investment income |  | $ | 63,399 |  |  | $ | 69,349 |  |  | $ | 186,081 |  |  | $ | 202,603 |

(1)
Includes the impact from our securities lending activities. Investment expenses also include other investment management expenses.

Net Gains (Losses) on Investments and Other Financial Instruments

Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments consists of the following.

Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net realized gains (losses) on investments sold or redeemed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities available for sale |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross realized gains |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 2,021 |  |  | $ | 526 |  |  | $ | 2,652 |
Gross realized losses |  |  | (933 | ) |  |  | (1,324 | ) |  |  | (5,801 | ) |  |  | (8,472 | )
Fixed maturities available for sale, net |  |  | (869 | ) |  |  | 697 |  |  |  | (5,275 | ) |  |  | (5,820 | )
Fixed maturities trading securities |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (496 | ) |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  | (686 | )
Equity securities |  |  | 1,683 |  |  |  | 2,156 |  |  |  | 2,581 |  |  |  | 2,162 |
Other investments |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 45 |
Net realized gains (losses) on investments sold or redeemed |  |  | 808 |  |  |  | 2,401 |  |  |  | (2,686 | ) |  |  | (4,299 | )
Change in unrealized gains (losses) on investments sold or redeemed |  |  | (847 | ) |  |  | (2,025 | ) |  |  | (1,282 | ) |  |  | (690 | )
Impairment losses due to intent to sell |  |  | — |  |  |  | (131 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (369 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments still held |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed maturities trading securities |  |  | 1,048 |  |  |  | 3,926 |  |  |  | 3,267 |  |  |  | 988 |
Equity securities |  |  | (1,570 | ) |  |  | 2,585 |  |  |  | (2,275 | ) |  |  | 4,739 |
Other investments |  |  | 816 |  |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 793 |  |  |  | 58 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments still held |  |  | 294 |  |  |  | 6,559 |  |  |  | 1,785 |  |  |  | 5,785 |
Total net gains (losses) on investments |  |  | 255 |  |  |  | 6,804 |  |  |  | (2,183 | ) |  |  | 427 |
Net gains (losses) on other financial instruments |  |  | 1,030 |  |  |  | (83 | ) |  |  | 3,318 |  |  |  | 1,976 |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  | $ | 1,285 |  |  | $ | 6,721 |  |  | $ | 1,135 |  |  | $ | 2,403 |

Loaned Securities

We participate in a securities lending program whereby we loan certain securities in our investment portfolio to third-party borrowers for short periods of time. Under this program, we had loaned $134 million and $139 million of our investment

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securities to third parties as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, including fixed-maturities, equity securities and short-term investments. Although we report such securities at fair value within other assets on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, rather than within investments, the detailed information we provide in this Note 7 includes these securities.

All of our securities lending agreements are classified as overnight and revolving. Securities collateral on deposit with us from third-party borrowers totaling $21 million and $18 million as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, may not be transferred or re-pledged unless the third-party borrower is in default, and is therefore not reflected in our condensed consolidated financial statements.

See Note 6 herein for additional detail on the loaned securities and see Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information about our accounting policies with respect to our securities lending agreements and the collateral requirements thereunder.

Other

Our investments include securities totaling $10 million and $8 million at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, that are on deposit and serving as collateral with various state regulatory authorities. Our fixed-maturities available for sale also include securities serving as collateral for our FHLB advances. See Note 12 for additional information about our FHLB advances.

8. Reinsurance

We use reinsurance as part of our risk distribution strategy, including to manage our capital position and risk profile. The reinsurance arrangements for our Mortgage Insurance business include premiums ceded under the QSR Program and the XOL Program. The initial and ongoing credit that we receive under the PMIERs financial requirements for these risk distribution transactions is subject to the periodic review of the GSEs.

The effect of all of our reinsurance programs on our net premiums written and earned is as follows.

Net premiums written and earned |
|  | Net Premiums Written |  |  | Net Premiums Earned |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Direct |  | $ | 260,359 |  |  | $ | 255,422 |  |  | $ | 767,877 |  |  | $ | 758,245 |  |  | $ | 266,093 |  |  | $ | 263,509 |  |  | $ | 790,048 |  |  | $ | 785,634 |
Ceded (1) |  |  | (24,624 | ) |  |  | (21,774 | ) |  |  | (70,297 | ) |  |  | (60,075 | ) |  |  | (28,990 | ) |  |  | (28,365 | ) |  |  | (85,375 | ) |  |  | (81,673 | )
Total net premiums |  | $ | 235,735 |  |  | $ | 233,648 |  |  | $ | 697,580 |  |  | $ | 698,170 |  |  | $ | 237,103 |  |  | $ | 235,144 |  |  | $ | 704,673 |  |  | $ | 703,961 |

(1)
Net of profit commission, which is impacted by the level of ceded losses recoverable, if any, on reinsurance transactions. See Note 11 for additional information on our reserve for losses and reinsurance recoverable.

Other reinsurance impacts |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Ceding commissions earned (1) |  | $ | 7,824 |  |  | $ | 6,672 |  |  | $ | 22,230 |  |  | $ | 19,130 |
Ceded losses |  |  | 3,810 |  |  |  | 3,161 |  |  |  | 12,037 |  |  |  | 8,360 |

(1)
Ceding commissions earned are included as an offset to expenses primarily in other operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. Deferred ceding commissions are included in other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

QSR Program

Radian Guaranty entered into each of the agreements under our QSR Program with panels of third-party reinsurance providers to cede a contractual quota share percentage of certain of our NIW (as set forth in the table below), subject to certain conditions.

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Radian Guaranty receives a ceding commission for ceded premiums earned pursuant to these transactions and is also entitled to receive a profit commission either quarterly or annually, depending on the terms of the particular agreement, provided that the loss ratio on the loans covered under the agreements generally remains below the applicable prescribed thresholds. Losses on the ceded risk up to these thresholds reduce Radian Guaranty’s profit commission on a dollar-for-dollar basis.

Radian Guaranty is no longer ceding NIW under any of the QSR Program agreements prior to the 2025 QSR Agreement. Radian Guaranty has the option to discontinue ceding new policies under the 2025 QSR Agreement, as well as the 2026 and 2027 QSR Agreements once they are effective, at the end of any calendar quarter.

The following table sets forth additional details regarding the QSR Program, with RIF ceded as of the dates indicated.

QSR Program (1) |
|  |  |  | Optional |  |  |  | Ceding |  | Profit |  | RIF Ceded |
($ in millions) |  | NIW Policy Dates (2)(3) |  | termination date (3) |  | Quota Share % |  | Commission % |  | Commission % |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
2025 QSR Agreement |  | Jul 1, 2025- Jun 30, 2026 |  | Jul 1, 2029 |  | 30% |  | 20% |  | Up to 63% |  | $ | 1,217 |  |  | $ | — |
2024 QSR Agreement |  | Jul 1, 2024- Jun 30, 2025 |  | Jul 1, 2028 |  | 25% |  | 20% |  | Up to 59% |  | $ | 2,953 |  |  | $ | 1,621 |
2023 QSR Agreement |  | Jul 1, 2023- Jun 30, 2024 |  | Jul 1, 2027 |  | 22.5% |  | 20% |  | Up to 55% |  | $ | 2,280 |  |  | $ | 2,518 |
2022 QSR Agreement |  | Jan 1, 2022- Jun 30, 2023 |  | Jul 1, 2026 |  | 20% |  | 20% |  | Up to 59% |  | $ | 3,703 |  |  | $ | 4,059 |
2020 Single Premium QSR Agreement |  | Jan 1, 2020- Dec 31, 2021 |  | Jan 1, 2024 |  | 65% |  | 25% |  | Up to 56% |  | $ | 1,380 |  |  | $ | 1,525 |
2018 Single Premium QSR Agreement |  | Jan 1, 2018- Dec 31, 2019 |  | Jan 1, 2022 |  | 65% |  | 25% |  | Up to 56% |  | $ | 608 |  |  | $ | 661 |
2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement |  | Jan 1, 2012- Dec 31, 2017 |  | Jan 1, 2020 |  | 18% - 57% |  | 25% |  | Up to 55% |  | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | 873 |

(1)
Excludes the 2012 QSR Agreements, for which RIF ceded is no longer material, a nd the 2026 and 2027 QSR Agreements that were entered into in July 2025, b ut are effective for future NIW vintages from July 1, 2026, to June 30, 2027, and July 1, 2027, to June 30, 2028, respectively, with cessions of 30% and 15%, respectively.
(2)
The effective date for each agreement is the same as the beginning NIW policy date, except for the following: the 2016 Single Premium QSR Agreement, which has an effective date of January 1, 2016, and the 2022 QSR Agreement, which has an effective date of July 1, 2022.
(3)
Radian Guaranty has the option, based on certain conditions and subject to a termination fee, to terminate any of the agreements at the end of any calendar quarter on or after the applicable optional termination date. If Radian Guaranty exercises this option in the future, it would result in Radian Guaranty reassuming the related RIF in exchange for a net payment to the reinsurers calculated in accordance with the terms of the applicable agreement. Radian Guaranty also may terminate any of the agreements prior to the scheduled termination date under certain circumstances, including if one or both of the GSEs no longer grant full PMIERs credit for the reinsurance. The scheduled termination date is 10 years after the ending NIW policy date.

XOL Program

Mortgage Insurance-linked Notes

Radian Guaranty has entered into fully collateralized reinsurance arrangements with the Eagle Re Issuers, as described below. For the respective coverage periods, Radian Guaranty retains the first-loss layer of aggregate losses, as well as any losses in excess of the outstanding reinsurance coverage amounts. The Eagle Re Issuers provide second layer coverage up to the outstanding coverage amounts. For each of these reinsurance arrangements, the Eagle Re Issuers financed their coverage by issuing mortgage insurance-linked notes to eligible capital markets investors in unregistered private offerings.

The aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage for these arrangements decreases over the maturity period of the mortgage insurance-linked notes (either a 10-year or 12.5-year period depending on the transaction) as the principal balances of the underlying covered mortgages decrease and as any claims are paid by the applicable Eagle Re Issuer or the mortgage insurance is canceled. Radian Guaranty has rights to terminate the reinsurance agreements upon the occurrence of certain events, including an optional call feature that provides Radian Guaranty the right to terminate the transaction on or after the optional call date (5 or 7 years after the issuance of the mortgage insurance-linked notes depending on the transaction).

Under each of the reinsurance agreements, the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount will begin amortizing after an initial period in which a target level of credit enhancement is obtained and will stop amortizing if certain thresholds, or triggers,

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are reached, including a delinquency trigger event based on an elevated level of delinquencies as defined in the related mortgage insurance-linked notes transaction agreements.

The Eagle Re Issuers are not subsidiaries or affiliates of Radian Guaranty. Based on the accounting guidance that addresses VIEs, we have not consolidated any of the assets and liabilities of the Eagle Re Issuers in our financial statements, because Radian does not have: (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly affect the Eagle Re Issuers’ economic performances or (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the Eagle Re Issuers that potentially could be significant to the Eagle Re Issuers. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for more information on our accounting treatment of VIEs.

The reinsurance premium due to the Eagle Re Issuers is calculated by multiplying the outstanding reinsurance coverage amount at the beginning of a period by a coupon rate, which is the sum of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), plus a contractual risk margin, and then subtracting actual investment income collected on the assets in the reinsurance trust during the preceding month. As a result, the amount of monthly reinsurance premiums ceded to the Eagle Re Issuers will fluctuate due to changes in one-month SOFR and changes in money market rates that affect investment income collected on the assets in the reinsurance trusts.

In the event an Eagle Re Issuer is unable to meet its future obligations to us, if any, Radian Guaranty would nonetheless be liable to make claims payments to our policyholders. In the event that all of the assets in the reinsurance trust (consisting of U.S. government money market funds, cash or U.S. Treasury securities) become worthless and the Eagle Re Issuer is unable to make its payments to us, our maximum potential loss would be the amount of mortgage insurance claim payments for losses on the insured policies, net of the aggregate reinsurance payments already received, up to the full aggregate excess-of-loss reinsurance coverage amount.

The following table presents the total VIE assets and liabilities of the Eagle Re Issuers as of the dates indicated.

Total VIE assets and liabilities of Eagle Re Issuers (1) |
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Eagle Re 2023-1 Ltd. |  | $ | 278,192 |  |  | $ | 326,855 |
Eagle Re 2021-2 Ltd. |  |  | 176,484 |  |  |  | 247,442 |
Eagle Re 2021-1 Ltd. |  |  | 96,838 |  |  |  | 154,884 |
Total |  | $ | 551,514 |  |  | $ | 729,181 |

(1)
Assets held by the Eagle Re Issuers are required to be invested in U.S. government money market funds, cash or U.S. Treasury securities. Liabilities of the Eagle Re Issuers consist of their mortgage insurance-linked notes, as described above. Assets and liabilities are equal to each other for each of the Eagle Re Issuers.

Traditional Reinsurance

For the coverage period under our traditional XOL reinsurance agreement, Radian Guaranty retains the first-loss layer of aggregate losses, as well as any losses in excess of the outstanding reinsurance coverage amounts. The reinsurers provide second layer coverage up to the outstanding coverage amounts. Radian Guaranty is then responsible for any losses in excess of the reinsurance coverage amount.

The 2023 XOL Agreement, which was executed in October 2023, is scheduled to terminate September 30, 2033. Radian Guaranty has the option to terminate the agreement under certain circumstances, including the option to terminate the agreement as of September 30, 2028, or at the end of any calendar quarter thereafter. Termination would result in Radian Guaranty reassuming the related RIF. In the event Radian Guaranty does not exercise its right to terminate the agreement on September 30, 2028, the monthly premium rate will increase from the original monthly premium.

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The following table sets forth additional details regarding the XOL Program, with RIF, remaining coverage and first layer retention as of the dates indicated.

XOL Program
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024
(In millions) |  | Issued |  | NIW Policy Dates |  | Initial RIF |  | Initial Coverage |  | Initial First Layer Retention |  | RIF |  | Remaining Coverage |  | First Layer Retention |  | RIF |  | Remaining Coverage |  | First Layer Retention
Mortgage Insurance-linked Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eagle Re 2023-1 Ltd. |  | October 2023 |  | Apr 1, 2022- Dec 31, 2022 |  | $8,782 |  | $353 |  | $287 |  | $7,236 |  | $278 |  | $283 |  | $7,906 |  | $327 |  | $286
Eagle Re 2021-2 Ltd. |  | November 2021 |  | Jan 1, 2021- Jul 31, 2021 |  | $10,758 |  | $484 |  | $242 |  | $5,359 |  | $176 |  | $240 |  | $6,271 |  | $247 |  | $241
Eagle Re 2021-1 Ltd. |  | April 2021 |  | Aug 1, 2020- Dec 31, 2020 |  | $11,061 |  | $498 |  | $221 |  | $4,198 |  | $97 |  | $220 |  | $4,966 |  | $155 |  | $221
Traditional Reinsurance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 XOL Agreement |  | October 2023 |  | Oct 1, 2021- Mar 31, 2022 |  | $8,002 |  | $246 |  | $240 |  | $6,090 |  | $134 |  | $239 |  | $6,815 |  | $167 |  | $240

(1)
Radian Group purchased $45 million of Eagle Re 2021-1 Ltd. outstanding principal amounts of the respective mortgage insurance-linked notes issued in connection with that reinsurance transaction. On our condensed consolidated balance sheets, these notes are included either in fixed-maturities available for sale or, if included in our securities lending program, in other assets. Se e Notes 6 and 7 for additional information.

Other Collateral

Although we use reinsurance as one of our risk management tools, reinsurance does not relieve us of our obligations to our policyholders. In the event the reinsurers are unable to meet their obligations to us, our insurance subsidiaries would be liable for any defaulted amounts. However, consistent with the PMIERs reinsurer counterparty collateral requirements, the third-party reinsurers to Radian Guaranty have established trusts to help secure our potential cash recoveries. In addition to the total VIE assets of the Eagle Re Issuers discussed above, the amount held in reinsurance trusts was $304 million as of September 30, 2025, compared to $283 million as of December 31, 2024.

In addition, under our QSR Program, Radian Guaranty holds amounts related to ceded premiums written to collateralize the reinsurers’ obligations, which are reported as reinsurance funds withheld in other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Certain loss recoveries and profit commissions paid to Radian Guaranty related to the QSR Program are expected to be realized from this account. See Note 9 for additional detail on our reinsurance funds withheld balances.

9. Other Assets and Liabilities

The following table shows the components of other assets as of the dates indicated.

Other assets |
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Loaned securities (Notes 6 and 7) |  | $ | 134,393 |  |  | $ | 139,121 |
Company-owned life insurance (1) |  |  | 115,600 |  |  |  | 110,968 |
Prepaid reinsurance premiums (2) |  |  | 57,394 |  |  |  | 72,472 |
Other |  |  | 42,963 |  |  |  | 36,401 |
Total other assets |  | $ | 350,350 |  |  | $ | 358,962 |

(1)
We are the beneficiary of insurance policies on the lives of certain of our current and past officers and employees. The balances reported in other assets reflect the amounts that could be realized upon surrender of the insurance policies as of each respective date.
(2)
Relates to our QSR Program.

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The following table shows the components of other liabilities as of the dates indicated.

Other liabilities |
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Reinsurance funds withheld (1) |  | $ | 131,379 |  |  | $ | 121,983 |
Amount payable under securities lending agreements (2) |  |  | 118,648 |  |  |  | 125,723 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 36,475 |  |  |  | 41,198 |
Current federal income taxes |  |  | 26,184 |  |  |  | 23,290 |
Lease liability |  |  | 26,171 |  |  |  | 29,761 |
Other |  |  | 71,375 |  |  |  | 57,327 |
Total other liabilities |  | $ | 410,232 |  |  | $ | 399,282 |

(1)
Represents ceded premiums written held by Radian Guaranty to collateralize our reinsurers’ obligations related to our QSR Program. See Note 8 for additional information.
(2)
Represents the obligation to return cash collateral under our securities lending agreements. See Note 7 for additional information.

10. Income Taxes

We use the estimated effective tax rate method to calculate income taxes in interim periods. Certain items, including those deemed to be unusual, infrequent or that cannot be reliably estimated, are excluded from the estimated annual tax rate. In these cases, the actual tax expense or benefit is reported in the same period as the related item.

As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, our current federal income tax liability primarily relates to applying the accounting standard for uncertainty in income taxes and is included as a component of other liabilities on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 9 for detail on the components of our other liabilities.

As a mortgage guaranty insurer, we are eligible for a tax deduction, subject to certain limitations, under Internal Revenue Code Section 832(e) for amounts required by state law or regulation to be set aside in statutory contingency reserves. The deduction is allowed only to the extent that, in conjunction with quarterly federal tax payment due dates, we purchase non-interest bearing U.S. Mortgage Guaranty Tax and Loss Bonds issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury in an amount equal to the tax benefit derived from deducting any portion of our statutory contingency reserves. As of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, we held $1.0 billion and $921 million, respectively, of these bonds, which are included as prepaid federal income taxes on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. The corresponding deduction of our statutory contingency reserves resulted in the recognition of a net deferred tax liability.

On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “Act”) was enacted, which introduced permanent changes to the U.S. tax code. Among other items, and most relevant to Radian, the Act reinstates and makes permanent 100% bonus depreciation and restores the immediate expensing for domestic research and experimentation costs. This new legislation will not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

For information on income taxes related to discontinued operations, see Notes 2 and 3. For additional information on our income taxes, including our accounting policies, see Notes 2 and 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.

11. Losses and LAE

Our reserve for losses and LAE consists of the following as of the dates indicated.

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Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Reserve for losses and LAE |
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Primary case |  | $ | 366,893 |  |  | $ | 336,553 |
Primary IBNR and LAE |  |  | 15,081 |  |  |  | 13,399 |
Pool and other |  |  | 5,676 |  |  |  | 4,479 |
Total reserve for losses and LAE |  | $ | 387,650 |  |  | $ | 354,431 |

For the periods indicated, the following table presents information relating to our mortgage insurance reserve for losses, including our IBNR reserve and LAE.

Rollforward of reserve for losses |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 354,431 |  |  | $ | 364,923 |
Less: Reinsurance recoverables (1) |  |  | 34,144 |  |  |  | 25,074 |
Balance at beginning of period, net of reinsurance recoverables |  |  | 320,287 |  |  |  | 339,849 |
Add: Losses and LAE incurred in respect of default notices reported and unreported in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current year (2) |  |  | 159,968 |  |  |  | 151,497 |
Prior years |  |  | (114,788 | ) |  |  | (153,806 | )
Total incurred |  |  | 45,180 |  |  |  | (2,309 | )
Deduct: Paid claims and LAE related to: |  |  |  |  |  |
Current year (2) |  |  | 666 |  |  |  | 359 |
Prior years |  |  | 20,558 |  |  |  | 11,937 |
Total paid |  |  | 21,224 |  |  |  | 12,296 |
Balance at end of period, net of reinsurance recoverables |  |  | 344,243 |  |  |  | 325,244 |
Add: Reinsurance recoverables (1) |  |  | 43,407 |  |  |  | 31,710 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 387,650 |  |  | $ | 356,954 |

(1)
Related to ceded losses recoverable, if any, on reinsurance transactions. See Note 8 for additional information.
(2)
Related to underlying defaulted loans with a most recent default notice dated in the year indicated. For example, if a loan had defaulted in a prior year, but then subsequently cured and later re-defaulted in the current year, that default would be considered a current year default.

Reserve Activity

Incurred Losses

Total incurred losses are driven by: (i) case reserves established for new default notices, which are primarily impacted by both the number of new primary default notices received in the period and our related gross Default to Claim Rate and Claim Severity assumptions applied to those new defaults and (ii) reserve developments on prior period defaults, which are primarily impacted by changes to our prior Default to Claim Rate and Claim Severity assumptions applied to these loans.

New primary default notices totaled 37,350 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to 36,568 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, representing an increase of 2%.

Our gross Default to Claim Rate assumption applied to new defaults was 7.5% and 8.0% as of September 30, 2025, and September 30, 2024, respectively, based on our review of trends in Cures and claims paid for our default inventory and taking into consideration the risks and uncertainties associated with the current economic environment.

Our provision for losses during both the first nine months of 2025 and 2024 was positively impacted by favorable reserve development on prior year defaults, primarily as a result of more favorable trends in Cures than originally estimated. These Cures have been due primarily to favorable outcomes resulting from positive trends in home price appreciation, which has also

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Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

contributed to a higher rate of claims that result in no ultimate loss to us and that are withdrawn by servicers as a result. These favorable observed trends for prior year default notices resulted in reductions in our Default to Claim Rate and other reserve assumptions in both of the first nine months of 2025 and 2024, including our Claim Severity assumptions in 2024.

Claims Paid

Total claims paid were slightly higher for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same period in 2024, consistent with the natural seasoning of our insured portfolio.

For additional information about our Reserve for Losses and LAE, including our accounting policies, see Notes 2 and 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.

12. Borrowings and Financing Activities

As of the dates indicated, the carrying value of our debt is as follows.

Borrowings |
($ in thousands) |  | Interest rate |  |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Senior notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Notes due 2027 |  |  | 4.875 | % |  | $ | 448,292 |  |  | $ | 447,461 |
Senior Notes due 2029 |  |  | 6.200 | % |  |  | 618,959 |  |  |  | 617,876 |
Total senior notes |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,067,251 |  |  | $ | 1,065,337 |
($ in thousands) |  | Average interest rate (1) |  |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Other Borrowings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FHLB advances due 2025 |  |  | 4.490 | % |  | $ | 47,244 |  |  | $ | 36,143 |
FHLB advances due 2026 |  |  | 4.414 | % |  |  | 5,270 |  |  |  | 1,835 |
FHLB advances due 2027 |  |  | 2.562 | % |  |  | 7,887 |  |  |  | 7,887 |
Total other borrowings |  |  |  |  | $ | 60,401 |  |  | $ | 45,865 |

(1)
As of September 30, 2025. See “FHLB Advances” below for more information.

Interest expense consists of the following.

Interest expense |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Senior notes |  | $ | 15,819 |  |  | $ | 20,945 |  |  | $ | 47,429 |  |  | $ | 64,229 |
FHLB advances |  |  | 1,107 |  |  |  | 538 |  |  |  | 2,409 |  |  |  | 2,027 |
Revolving credit facility |  |  | 258 |  |  |  | 409 |  |  |  | 1,263 |  |  |  | 925 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,275 |
Total interest expense |  | $ | 17,184 |  |  | $ | 21,892 |  |  | $ | 51,101 |  |  | $ | 71,456 |

FHLB Advances

The principal balance of the FHLB advances is required to be collateralized by eligible assets with a fair value that must be maintained generally within a minimum range of 103% to 114% of the amount borrowed, depending on the type of assets pledged. Our investments include securities totaling $65 million and $49 million at September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, which serve as collateral for our FHLB advances to satisfy this requirement.

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Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Revolving Credit Facility

At September 30, 2025, Radian Group had in place a $275 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of bank lender s. During the second quarter of 2025, we borrowed and repaid in full $50 million under this facility. As of September 30, 2025, there were no amounts outstanding under this facility.

On November 4, 2025, Radian Group entered into an amended and restated credit facility with a syndicate of bank lenders, led by Royal Bank of Canada and Citizens Bank, to, among other things, increase the committed borrowing capacity to $500 million. The amended and restated credit facility has a maturity date of November 4, 2030. The amended and restated credit facility also includes an accordion feature that allows Radian Group, at its option, to increase the total borrowing capacity by $250 million, so long as Radian receives commitments from lenders. Subject to certain limitations, borrowings under the credit facility may be used for working capital, general corporate purposes and growth initiatives.

Debt Covenants and Other Information

As of September 30, 2025, we are in compliance with all of our debt covenants, including for our senior notes. For more information regarding our borrowings and financing activities, including certain terms, covenants and Parent Guarantees provided by Radian Group in connection with particular borrowings, see Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K and Note 3 herein.

13. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

We are routinely involved in a number of legal actions and proceedings, including reviews, audits, inquiries, information-gathering requests and investigations by various regulatory entities, as well as litigation and other disputes arising in the ordinary course of our business. Legal actions and proceedings could result in adverse judgments, settlements, fines, injunctions, restitutions or other relief that could require significant expenditures or have other effects on our business.

Management believes, based on current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, that the outcome of currently pending or threatened actions will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition or results of operations. The outcome of legal actions and proceedings is inherently uncertain, and it is possible that any one or more matters could have an adverse effect on our liquidity, financial condition or results of operations for any particular period.

See Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for further information regarding our commitments and contingencies and our accounting policies for contingencies.

14. Capital Stock

Shares of Common Stock

The following table shows the changes in common stock outstanding for each of the periods indicated.

Common stock outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Common stock outstanding at beginning of period |  |  | 135,395 |  |  |  | 151,148 |  |  |  | 147,569 |  |  |  | 153,179 |
Shares repurchased under share repurchase programs |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,457 | ) |  |  | (13,417 | ) |  |  | (4,801 | )
Issuance of common stock under incentive and benefit plans, net of shares withheld for employee taxes |  |  | 78 |  |  |  | 85 |  |  |  | 1,321 |  |  |  | 1,398 |
Common stock outstanding at end of period |  |  | 135,473 |  |  |  | 149,776 |  |  |  | 135,473 |  |  |  | 149,776 |

38

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Share Repurchase Activity

From time to time, Radian Group’s board of directors approves and authorizes the Company to repurchase Radian Group common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, based on market and business conditions, stock price and other factors. As of September 30, 2025, Radian had two outstanding share repurchase authorizations in effect, as further discussed below. Radian generally executes its share repurchases pursuant to trading plans under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act (“Rule 10b5-1”), which permits the Company to purchase shares when it may otherwise be precluded from doing so.

As part of the overall cash management strategy to ensure adequate funds for the purchase price for the planned acquisition of Inigo, Radian has paused its share repurchases. See Note 1 for additional information on the acquisition of Inigo. The Company may engage in share repurchases again in the future.

Under the first share repurchase authorization, which commenced in January 2023 and is scheduled to expire in June 2026, the Company is authorized to repurchase shares up to $900 million, excluding commissions. During the six months ended June 30, 2025, the Company purchased 13.4 million shares at an average price of $32.06 per share, including commissions, pursuant to this share repurchase authorization. The Company did no t purchase any shares under this authorization in the three months ended September 30, 2025. As of September 30, 2025, purchase authority of up to $113 million remained available under this authorization.

In May 2025, Radian Group’s board of directors authorized a second repurchase authorization to purchase shares up to an additional $750 million, excluding commissions. Under this second authorization, the full amount remained available as of September 30, 2025. Use of this authorization will commence once the first authorization is exhausted or expires. This second authorization is sched uled to expire in December 2027

The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. Unless otherwise noted, all dollar amounts presented in this report related to our share repurchases and our share repurchase authorizations exclude such excise taxes, to the extent applicable.

Dividends and Dividend Equivalents

The following table presents the amount of dividends declared and paid, on a per share basis, for each quarter and annual period as indicated.

Dividends declared and paid |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Quarter ended |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31 |  | $ | 0.255 |  |  | $ | 0.245 |
June 30 |  |  | 0.255 |  |  |  | 0.245 |
September 30 |  |  | 0.255 |  |  |  | 0.245 |
December 31 |  | N/A |  |  |  | 0.245 |
Total annual dividends per share declared and paid |  | $ | 0.765 |  |  | $ | 0.980 |

N/A – Not applicable

Dividend equivalents are accrued on RSUs when dividends are declared on the Company’s common stock and are typically paid upon vesting of the shares. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for information about our dividend equivalents on RSU awards.

Share-Based and Other Compensation Programs

During the second quarter of 2025, certain executive and non-executive officers were granted time-vested and performance-based RSUs to be settled in shares of Radian common stock. The maximum payout of performance-based RSUs at the end of the three-year performance period is 200% of a grantee’s target number of RSUs granted. Performance-based RSUs granted to executive officers are subject to a one-year post-vesting holding period. The table below provide s additional details on vesting and other performance conditions associated with our RSUs.

39

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The time-vested RSU awards granted in the second quarter of 2025 as part of our annual equity grant to certain executive and non-executive officers generally vest in pro rata installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the grant date. In addition, time-vested RSU awards, which are generally subject to one-year cliff vesting, were also granted to non-employee directors.

See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the Company’s share-based and other compensation programs.

Information with regard to RSUs to be settled in stock is as follows.

Rollforward of RSUs |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Performance-Based |  |  | Time-Vested |
|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Outstanding, December 31, 2024 (1) |  |  | 2,639,190 |  |  | $ | 22.57 |  |  |  | 1,589,396 |  |  | $ | 20.75 |
Granted (2) |  |  | 492,170 |  |  |  | 30.96 |  |  |  | 387,072 |  |  |  | 33.17 |
Performance adjustment (3) |  |  | 549,540 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Vested (4) |  |  | (1,158,485 | ) |  |  | 20.19 |  |  |  | (617,517 | ) |  |  | 21.96 |
Forfeited |  |  | (13,133 | ) |  |  | 29.64 |  |  |  | (8,239 | ) |  |  | 27.25 |
Outstanding, September 30, 2025 (1) (5) |  |  | 2,509,282 |  |  | $ | 24.61 |  |  |  | 1,350,712 |  |  | $ | 23.72 |

(1)
Outstanding RSUs represent shares that have not yet been issued because not all conditions necessary to earn the right to benefit from the instruments have been satisfied. For performance-based awards, the final number of RSUs distributed depends on: (i) the cumulative growth in Radian’s book value per share adjusted for certain defined items over the respective three-year performance period and, for the performance-based RSUs granted starting in 2023, a modifier based on a comparison of our total shareholder return to the total shareholder return of certain of our peers and (ii) with the exception of certain retirement-eligible employees, continued service through the vesting date, which could result in changes to the number of vested RSUs.
(2)
For performance-based RSUs, amount represents the number of target shares at grant date.
(3)
For performance-based RSUs, amount represents the difference between the number of shares vested at settlement, which can range from 0 to 200% of target depending on results over the applicable performance periods, and the number of target shares at the grant date.
(4)
For both performance-based and time-vested RSUs, amount represents the number of shares vested during the period, including the impact of performance adjustments for performance-based awards.
(5)
Includes 184,391 performance-based shares and 122,345 time-vested shares granted to employees in our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate businesses, which are presented as discontinued operations.

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Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

15. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The following tables show the rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated.

Rollforward of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2025 |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2025 |
(In thousands) |  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax Effect |  |  | Net of Tax |  |  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax Effect |  |  | Net of Tax |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | (345,495 | ) |  | $ | (72,554 | ) |  | $ | (272,941 | ) |  | $ | (443,340 | ) |  | $ | (93,102 | ) |  | $ | (350,238 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has not been recognized |  |  | 57,795 |  |  |  | 12,137 |  |  |  | 45,658 |  |  |  | 150,949 |  |  |  | 31,699 |  |  |  | 119,250 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains (losses) on investments included in net income (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gains (losses) on disposals and non-credit related impairment losses |  |  | (869 | ) |  |  | (183 | ) |  |  | (686 | ) |  |  | (5,274 | ) |  |  | (1,108 | ) |  |  | (4,166 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments |  |  | 58,664 |  |  |  | 12,320 |  |  |  | 46,344 |  |  |  | 156,223 |  |  |  | 32,807 |  |  |  | 123,416 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) from investments recorded as assets held for sale |  |  | 226 |  |  |  | 47 |  |  |  | 179 |  |  |  | 454 |  |  |  | 95 |  |  |  | 359 |
Other adjustments to comprehensive income (loss), net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 45 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 58,890 |  |  |  | 12,367 |  |  |  | 46,523 |  |  |  | 156,735 |  |  |  | 32,915 |  |  |  | 123,820 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | (286,605 | ) |  | $ | (60,187 | ) |  | $ | (226,418 | ) |  | $ | (286,605 | ) |  | $ | (60,187 | ) |  | $ | (226,418 | )
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |
(In thousands) |  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax Effect |  |  | Net of Tax |  |  | Before Tax |  |  | Tax Effect |  |  | Net of Tax |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | (477,610 | ) |  | $ | (100,299 | ) |  | $ | (377,311 | ) |  | $ | (418,799 | ) |  | $ | (87,948 | ) |  | $ | (330,851 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on investments arising during the period for which an allowance for expected credit losses has not been recognized |  |  | 182,913 |  |  |  | 38,412 |  |  |  | 144,501 |  |  |  | 117,390 |  |  |  | 24,652 |  |  |  | 92,738 |
Less: Reclassification adjustment for net gains (losses) on investments included in net income (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net realized gains (losses) on disposals and non-credit related impairment losses |  |  | 567 |  |  |  | 119 |  |  |  | 448 |  |  |  | (6,188 | ) |  |  | (1,299 | ) |  |  | (4,889 | )
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments |  |  | 182,346 |  |  |  | 38,293 |  |  |  | 144,053 |  |  |  | 123,578 |  |  |  | 25,951 |  |  |  | 97,627 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) from investments recorded as assets held for sale |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 243 |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 192 |
Other adjustments to comprehensive income, net |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | (68 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 182,546 |  |  |  | 38,335 |  |  |  | 144,211 |  |  |  | 123,735 |  |  |  | 25,984 |  |  |  | 97,751 |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | (295,064 | ) |  | $ | (61,964 | ) |  | $ | (233,100 | ) |  | $ | (295,064 | ) |  | $ | (61,964 | ) |  | $ | (233,100 | )

(1)
Included in net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

41

Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

16. Statutory Information

Excluding Radian Title Insurance, whose results are immaterial and are included in discontinued operations, our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory net income (loss) for the periods indicated, and statutory policyholders’ surplus as of the dates indicated, are as follows.

Statutory net income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Radian Guaranty |  | $ | 550,343 |  |  | $ | 588,122 |
Other mortgage insurance subsidiaries |  |  | 843 |  |  |  | (1,295 | )

Statutory policyholders’ surplus |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Radian Guaranty |  | $ | 661,022 |  |  | $ | 722,861 |
Other mortgage insurance subsidiaries |  |  | 16,818 |  |  |  | 16,515 |

Under state insurance regulations, Radian Guaranty is required to maintain minimum surplus levels and, in certain states, a maximum ratio of net RIF relative to statutory capital, or Risk-to-capital. The most common Statutory RBC Requirement is that a mortgage insurer’s Risk-to-capital may not exceed 25 to 1. In certain of the RBC States, a mortgage insure r must maintain a minimum policyholder position, which is calculated based on both risk and surplus levels (“MPP Requirement”). Radian Guaranty was in compliance with all applicable Statutory RBC Requirements and MPP Requirements in each of the RBC States as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. Radian Guaranty’s Risk-to-capital was 10.4:1 and 10.2:1 as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. For purposes of the Risk-to-capital requirements imposed by certain states, statutory capital is defined as the sum of statutory policyholders’ surplus plus statutory contingency reserves. Our other insurance subsidiaries were also in compliance with all statutory and counterparty capital requirements as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

In addition, in order to be eligible to insure loans purchased by the GSEs, mortgage insurers such as Radian Guaranty must meet the GSEs’ eligibility requirements, or PMIERs. At September 30, 2025, Radian Guaranty, an approved mortgage insurer under the PMIERs, was in compliance with the current PMIERs financial requirements.

State insurance regulations include various capital requirements and dividend restrictions based on our insurance subsidiaries’ statutory financial position and results of operations. As of September 30, 2025, the amount of restricted net assets held by our consolidated insurance subsidiaries (which represents our equity investment in those insurance subsidiaries) totaled $4.5 billion of our consolidated net assets.

While all proposed dividends and distributions to stockholders must be filed with the Pennsylvania Insurance Department before payment, if a Pennsylvania domiciled insurer has positive unassigned surplus, such insurer can generally pay dividends or other distributions out of unassigned surplus during any 12-month period in an aggregate amount less than or equal to the greater of: (i) 10% of the preceding year-end statutory policyholders’ surplus or (ii) the preceding year’s statutory net income, in each case without the prior approval of the Pennsylvania Insurance Department.

Radian Guaranty has maintained positive unassigned surplus during 2025, providing it with the ability to pay ordinary dividends throughout the year, subject to the above restrictions under Pennsylvania’s insurance laws. Additionally, statutory accounting principles permit insurance companies with positive unassigned funds, such as Radian Guaranty, to return capital through distributions from paid in surplus, not just distributions as dividends from unassigned surplus. Under Pennsylvania insurance laws, an insurer must receive approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department to account for a distribution as a return of capital. Radian Guaranty sought and received such approval to treat its $200 million distribution to Radian Group in the first quarter of 2025 as a return of capital from paid in surplus. As a result, during the first quarter of 2025, Radian Guaranty’s common stock and paid in surplus balance declined from $500 million to $300 million, while its positive unassigned surplus increased to $408 million.

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Radian Group Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Based on its positive unassigned surplus balance as of March 31, 2025, and June 30, 2025, Radian Guaranty paid ordinary dividends to Radian Group of $200 million in each of the second and third quarters of 2025. Subsequent to the payment of these dividends, as of September 30, 2025, Radian Guaranty had positive unassigned surplus of $361 million. As a result, and based on the general dividend restrictions noted above, including Radian Guaranty’s 2024 statutory net income amount, Radian Guaranty maintains the ability to pay an additional ordinary dividend of $195 million in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Radian Group plans to pay a portion of the cash consideration for the Inigo acquisition, which is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026, with proceeds of a 10-year borrowing to be made by Radian Group from Radian Guaranty, pursuant to a $600 million intercompany note that has been approved by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. Radian Guaranty will be required to comply with certain conditions while this intercompany note is outstanding, including, most notably, obtaining prior approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department for all dividends paid by Radian Guaranty for a period of three years (which we may request to be reduced or the Pennsylvania Insurance Department may, in certain circumstances, extend for up to five years) and maintaining a minimum policyholders’ surplus of $500 million, among other conditions.

For a full description of our compliance with statutory and other regulations for our insurance businesses, including statutory capital requirements and dividend restrictions, see Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K.

43

Ite m 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The disclosures in this quarterly report are complementary to those made in our 2024 Form 10-K and should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this report, as well as our audited financial statements, notes thereto and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our 2024 Form 10-K.

The following analysis of our financial condition and results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, provides information that evaluates our financial condition as of September 30, 2025, compared with December 31, 2024, and our results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024.

Investors should review the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements—Safe Harbor Provisions” and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” herein and in our 2024 Form 10-K for a discussion of those risks and uncertainties that have the potential to adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows or prospects. Our results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the full year or for any other period. See “Overview” below and Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

INDEX TO ITEM 2 | Page
Overview | 44
Key Factors Affecting Our Results | 45
Mortgage Insurance Portfolio Metrics | 45
Results of Operations—Consolidated | 49
Liquidity and Capital Resources | 59
Critical Accounting Estimates | 64

Over view

As a leading U.S. private mortgage insurer, Radian provides solutions that expand access to affordable, responsible and sustainable homeownership and helps borrowers achieve their dream of owning a home. We have one reportable business segment, Mortgage Insurance.

Our Mortgage Insurance segment aggregates, manages and distributes U.S. mortgage credit risk for the benefit of mortgage lending institutions and mortgage credit investors, principally through private mortgage insurance on residential first-lien mortgage loans.

In addition to this reportable segment, we previously reported in an All Other category activities that consisted of: (i) income (losses) from assets held by Radian Group, our holding company; (ii) general corporate operating expenses not attributable or allocated to our reportable segment; and (iii) the results from certain other immaterial activities and operating segments, including our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses. As further described in Notes 1 and 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in the quarter ended September 30, 2025, following a comprehensive strategic review, Radian Group’s board of directors approved a plan to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses. As a result, we have reclassified the results related to these businesses to discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Also in the third quarter of 2025, following the comprehensive strategic review, we announced that Radian Group had entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Inigo, a Lloyd’s specialty insurer, as part of the Company’s planned strategic transformation to a global multi-line specialty insurer. See Note 1 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on this pending acquisition, which is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026.

Consistent with the trends observed in recent periods, the economic and market conditions impacting our results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, remained generally favorable. We are monitoring trends in different credit

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

asset classes, including recent reports of stress in certain asset classes, however the loans in our portfolio and loans in the broader conventional mortgage segment continue to perform well. We continue to experience strong cure activity and low claims levels. See also “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional discussion of the primary factors affecting the operating environment for our businesses. Despite risks and uncertainties, including those set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 10-K and in this report, our outlook on the mortgage insurance business remains positive.

Legislative and Regulatory Developments

We are subject to comprehensive regulation by both federal and state regulatory authorities. For a description of significant state and federal regulations and other requirements of the GSEs that are applicable to our businesses, as well as legislative and regulatory developments affecting the housing finance industry, see “Item 1. Business—Regulation” in our 2024 Form 10-K. There were no significant regulatory developments impacting our businesses from those discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K, other than the following.

Credit Score Models. In October 2022, the FHFA announced that as part of a multi-year effort, the GSEs intended to replace their use of Classic FICO credit scores with FICO 10T and VantageScore 4.0 credit scores, which are intended to improve accuracy by capturing additional payment histories for borrowers when available, such as rent, utilities and telecom payments. On July 8, 2025, FHFA announced that the GSEs will allow lenders to use a credit score generated by either the Classic FICO model or the VantageScore 4.0 model. As a mortgage insurer, Radian Guaranty uses credit scores in several areas of its operations and adoption of the new credit scores requires planning and analysis to, among other things, understand how these scores calibrate to Radian Guaranty’s credit risk models. The Company is evaluating the impact of this most recent announcement, and while we expect there to be operational impacts, we do not expect it to have a material impact on our results of operations or financial condition.

Mortgage Insurance Income Tax Deduction for Borrowers. The One Big Beautiful Bill Act (the “Act”), which became effective July 4, 2025, makes permanent an income tax deduction for mortgage insurance premiums paid by borrowers, including private mortgage insurance premiums, and makes that deduction effective beginning in 2026. The mortgage insurance tax deduction in the Act reinstates a deduction for taxpayers that had previously been in effect from 2007 through 2021, and which is expected to help support affordable homeownership by reducing costs for eligible low down payment borrowers.

Recent Developments

On November 4, 2025, Radian Group entered into an agreement to amend and restate its unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of bank lenders, led by Royal Bank of Canada and Citizens Bank. The amended and restated facility increases the committed borrowing capacity to $500 million and has a maturity date of November 4, 2030. The credit facility amends and restates Radian’s previously existing $275 million facility, and includes an accordion feature that allows Radian Group, at its option, to increase the total borrowing capacity by $250 million, so long as Radian receives commitments from lenders. Subject to certain limitations, borrowings under the credit facility may be used for working capital, general corporate purposes and growth initiatives.

Key Factors Affe cting Our Results

The key factors affecting our results are discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to these key factors.

Mortgage Ins urance Portfolio Metrics

New Insurance Written

We wrote $15.5 billion and $39.3 billion of primary new mortgage insurance in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, respectively, compared to $13.5 billion and $38.9 billion of NIW in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively, representing an increase of 15% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and an increase of 1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, each as compared to the same period in 2024.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

According to industry estimates, mortgage origination volume for home purchases increased for the three months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, contributing to the increase in NIW in the third quarter of 2025.

The following table provides selected information for the periods indicated related to our mortgage insurance NIW. For direct Single Premium Policies, NIW includes policies written on an individual basis (as each loan is originated) and on an aggregated basis (in which each individual loan in a group of loans is insured in a single transaction, typically after the loans have been originated).

NIW |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
($ in millions) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
NIW |  | $ | 15,497 |  |  | $ | 13,493 |  |  | $ | 39,316 |  |  | $ | 38,872 |
Primary risk written |  | $ | 4,114 |  |  | $ | 3,389 |  |  | $ | 10,340 |  |  | $ | 9,889 |
Average coverage percentage |  |  | 26.5 | % |  |  | 25.1 | % |  |  | 26.3 | % |  |  | 25.4 | %
NIW by loan purpose |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases |  |  | 94.8 | % |  |  | 95.6 | % |  |  | 94.9 | % |  |  | 97.0 | %
Refinances |  |  | 5.2 | % |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | 5.1 | % |  |  | 3.0 | %
NIW by premium type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct Monthly and Other Recurring Premiums |  |  | 96.4 | % |  |  | 95.9 | % |  |  | 96.4 | % |  |  | 96.3 | %
Direct single premiums |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | 3.6 | % |  |  | 3.7 | %
NIW by FICO score (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
>=740 |  |  | 63.5 | % |  |  | 69.5 | % |  |  | 66.3 | % |  |  | 68.8 | %
680-739 |  |  | 31.8 | % |  |  | 24.8 | % |  |  | 28.8 | % |  |  | 25.7 | %
620-679 |  |  | 4.7 | % |  |  | 5.7 | % |  |  | 4.9 | % |  |  | 5.5 | %
<=619 |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | % |  |  | 0.0 | %
NIW by LTV (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
95.01% and above |  |  | 16.3 | % |  |  | 16.5 | % |  |  | 16.3 | % |  |  | 16.2 | %
90.01% to 95.00% |  |  | 46.5 | % |  |  | 37.1 | % |  |  | 44.3 | % |  |  | 38.2 | %
85.01% to 90.00% |  |  | 29.2 | % |  |  | 31.5 | % |  |  | 30.3 | % |  |  | 31.8 | %
85.00% and below |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | 14.9 | % |  |  | 9.1 | % |  |  | 13.8 | %

(1)
At origination.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Insurance and Risk in Force

Year of origination - IIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in billions) |  | IIF as of: |
By vintage |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
2025 |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — | % |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — | %
2024 |  |  | 45.4 |  |  |  | 16.2 | % |  |  | 49.3 |  |  |  | 17.9 | % |  |  | 37.6 |  |  |  | 13.7 | %
2023 |  |  | 40.8 |  |  |  | 14.6 | % |  |  | 45.3 |  |  |  | 16.5 | % |  |  | 47.2 |  |  |  | 17.2 | %
2022 |  |  | 48.9 |  |  |  | 17.4 | % |  |  | 54.2 |  |  |  | 19.7 | % |  |  | 56.0 |  |  |  | 20.4 | %
2021 |  |  | 45.5 |  |  |  | 16.2 | % |  |  | 53.5 |  |  |  | 19.4 | % |  |  | 56.6 |  |  |  | 20.6 | %
2020 |  |  | 28.8 |  |  |  | 10.3 | % |  |  | 34.1 |  |  |  | 12.4 | % |  |  | 36.4 |  |  |  | 13.2 | %
2009 - 2019 |  |  | 27.2 |  |  |  | 9.7 | % |  |  | 32.2 |  |  |  | 11.7 | % |  |  | 34.1 |  |  |  | 12.4 | %
2008 & Prior |  |  | 6.0 |  |  |  | 2.1 | % |  |  | 6.5 |  |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  | 6.8 |  |  |  | 2.5 | %
Total |  | $ | 280.6 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 275.1 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 274.7 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %

The primary driver of the future premiums that we expect to earn over time is our IIF, which increases as a result of our NIW and decreases as a result of policy cancellations and amortization.

Historically, there is a close correlation between interest rates and Persistency Rates. Higher interest rate environments generally decrease refinancings, which decreases the cancellation rate of our insurance and positively affects our Persistency Rates. As shown in the table below, our 12-month Persistency Rate at September 30, 2025, was relatively flat as compared to September 30, 2024.

As of September 30, 2025, approximately half of our IIF had a mortgage note interest rate of 5.0% or less, which remains below the current prevailing mortgage interest rates based on reported industry averages. If mortgage rates were to decrease, however, refinance volumes could increase, which could have a negative impact on our Persistency Rate and the size of our IIF portfolio. See “If the length of time that our mortgage insurance policies remain in force declines, it could result in a decrease in our future revenues” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K for more information.

The following table provides selected information as of and for the periods indicated related to mortgage insurance IIF and RIF. Throughout this report, unless otherwise noted, RIF is presented on a gross basis and includes the amount ceded under reinsurance. RIF and IIF for direct Single Premium Policies include policies written on an individual basis (as each loan is originated) and on an aggregated basis (in which each individual loan in a group of loans is insured in a single transaction, typically after the loans have been originated).

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

IIF and RIF |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in millions) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
Primary IIF |  | $ | 280,559 |  |  | $ | 275,126 |  |  | $ | 274,721 |
Primary RIF |  | $ | 74,039 |  |  | $ | 72,074 |  |  | $ | 71,834 |
Average coverage percentage |  |  | 26.4 | % |  |  | 26.2 | % |  |  | 26.1 | %
Persistency Rate (12 months ended) |  |  | 83.8 | % |  |  | 83.6 | % |  |  | 84.4 | %
Persistency Rate (quarterly, annualized) (1) |  |  | 84.2 | % |  |  | 82.7 | % |  |  | 84.1 | %
Primary RIF by premium type |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Direct Monthly and Other Recurring Premiums |  |  | 90.7 | % |  |  | 90.0 | % |  |  | 89.8 | %
Direct single premiums |  |  | 9.3 | % |  |  | 10.0 | % |  |  | 10.2 | %
Primary RIF by FICO score (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
>=740 |  |  | 60.7 | % |  |  | 60.1 | % |  |  | 59.6 | %
680-739 |  |  | 32.3 | % |  |  | 32.6 | % |  |  | 33.0 | %
620-679 |  |  | 6.8 | % |  |  | 7.0 | % |  |  | 7.1 | %
<=619 |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |  | 0.3 | % |  |  | 0.3 | %
Primary RIF by LTV (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
95.01% and above |  |  | 20.4 | % |  |  | 19.8 | % |  |  | 19.5 | %
90.01% to 95.00% |  |  | 48.3 | % |  |  | 47.9 | % |  |  | 48.0 | %
85.01% to 90.00% |  |  | 26.8 | % |  |  | 27.3 | % |  |  | 27.3 | %
85.00% and below |  |  | 4.5 | % |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 5.2 | %

(1)
The Persistency Rate on a quarterly, annualized basis is calculated based on loan-level detail for the quarter ending as of the date shown. It may be impacted by seasonality or other factors, including the level of refinance activity during the applicable periods, and may not be indicative of full-year trends.
(2)
At origination.

Risk Distribution

We use third-party reinsurance in our Mortgage Insurance business as part of our risk distribution strategy, including to manage our capital position and risk profile.

The impact of these programs on our financial results will vary depending on the level of ceded RIF, as well as the levels of prepayments and incurred losses on the reinsured portfolios, among other factors. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Factors Affecting Our Results—Mortgage Insurance—Risk Distribution” in our 2024 Form 10-K and Note 8 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report for more information about our reinsurance transactions.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following table provides information about the amounts by which Radian Guaranty’s reinsurance programs reduce its Minimum Required Assets.

PMIERs benefit from risk distribution |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
PMIERs impact - reduction in Minimum Required Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
QSR Program |  | $ | 857,350 |  |  | $ | 745,197 |
XOL Program |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage insurance-linked notes program |  |  | 431,957 |  |  |  | 558,939 |
Traditional reinsurance agreement |  |  | 129,267 |  |  |  | 160,742 |
Total XOL Program |  |  | 561,224 |  |  |  | 719,681 |
Total PMIERs impact |  | $ | 1,418,574 |  |  | $ | 1,464,878 |
Percentage of gross Minimum Required Assets |  |  | 25.8 | % |  |  | 27.4 | %

See “Results of Operations—Consolidated—Revenues—Net Premiums Earned” for information about the impact on premiums earned from each of Radian Guaranty’s reinsurance programs.

Results of Operatio ns—Consolidated

Radian Group serves as the holding company for our operating subsidiaries and does not have any operations of its own. Our consolidated operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, primarily reflect the financial results and performance of our Mortgage Insurance business.

As further described in Note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, in the quarter ended September 30, 2025, Radian Group’s board of directors approved a plan to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses. As a result, we have reclassified the results related to these businesses to discontinued operations for all periods presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations and no longer present results within an All Other category. Certain corporate expenses that were previously allocated to these businesses, as well as other general corporate expenses and income (losses) from assets held by Radian Group, were not reclassified to discontinued operations, and therefore have been reallocated to the Mortgage Insurance segment.

All amounts included in this “Results of Operations–-Consolidated” section relate to continuing operations unless otherwise noted.

In addition to the results of our reportable segment, pretax income (loss) from continuing operations is also affected by those factors described in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Factors Affecting Our Results” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

49

Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following table summarizes our consolidated results of operations for the periods indicated.

Summary results of operations - consolidated |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) |
($ in thousands, except per-share amounts) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 |
Revenues |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net premiums earned |  | $ | 237,103 |  |  | $ | 235,144 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 704,673 |  |  | $ | 703,961 |  |  | $ | 712 |
Net investment income |  |  | 63,399 |  |  |  | 69,349 |  |  |  | (5,950 | ) |  |  | 186,081 |  |  |  | 202,603 |  |  |  | (16,522 | )
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | 1,285 |  |  |  | 6,721 |  |  |  | (5,436 | ) |  |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 2,403 |  |  |  | (1,268 | )
Other income |  |  | 1,399 |  |  |  | 2,166 |  |  |  | (767 | ) |  |  | 4,683 |  |  |  | 4,663 |  |  |  | 20 |
Total revenues |  |  | 303,186 |  |  |  | 313,380 |  |  |  | (10,194 | ) |  |  | 896,572 |  |  |  | 913,630 |  |  |  | (17,058 | )
Expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for losses |  |  | 17,886 |  |  |  | 6,346 |  |  |  | (11,540 | ) |  |  | 45,180 |  |  |  | (2,309 | ) |  |  | (47,489 | )
Policy acquisition costs |  |  | 7,166 |  |  |  | 6,724 |  |  |  | (442 | ) |  |  | 20,759 |  |  |  | 20,040 |  |  |  | (719 | )
Other operating expenses |  |  | 62,256 |  |  |  | 64,112 |  |  |  | 1,856 |  |  |  | 189,342 |  |  |  | 189,220 |  |  |  | (122 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 17,184 |  |  |  | 21,892 |  |  |  | 4,708 |  |  |  | 51,101 |  |  |  | 71,456 |  |  |  | 20,355 |
Total expenses |  |  | 104,492 |  |  |  | 99,074 |  |  |  | (5,418 | ) |  |  | 306,382 |  |  |  | 278,407 |  |  |  | (27,975 | )
Pretax income from continuing operations |  |  | 198,694 |  |  |  | 214,306 |  |  |  | (15,612 | ) |  |  | 590,190 |  |  |  | 635,223 |  |  |  | (45,033 | )
Income tax provision |  |  | 45,892 |  |  |  | 47,751 |  |  |  | 1,859 |  |  |  | 130,813 |  |  |  | 138,663 |  |  |  | 7,850 |
Net income from continuing operations |  |  | 152,802 |  |  |  | 166,555 |  |  |  | (13,753 | ) |  |  | 459,377 |  |  |  | 496,560 |  |  |  | (37,183 | )
Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax |  |  | (11,359 | ) |  |  | (14,663 | ) |  |  | 3,304 |  |  |  | (31,580 | ) |  |  | (40,411 | ) |  |  | 8,831 |
Net income |  | $ | 141,443 |  |  | $ | 151,892 |  |  | $ | (10,449 | ) |  | $ | 427,797 |  |  | $ | 456,149 |  |  | $ | (28,352 | )
Diluted net income from continuing operations per share |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |  |  | $ | 3.25 |  |  | $ | 3.21 |  |  | $ | 0.04 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding—diluted |  |  | 137,926 |  |  |  | 153,073 |  |  |  | 15,147 |  |  |  | 141,410 |  |  |  | 154,607 |  |  |  | 13,197 |
Return on equity from continuing operations |  |  | 13.4 | % |  |  | 14.5 | % |  |  | (1.1 | )% |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  | 14.6 | % |  |  | (1.4 | )%
Non-GAAP Financial Measures (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjusted pretax operating income |  | $ | 206,092 |  |  | $ | 217,396 |  |  | $ | (11,304 | ) |  | $ | 598,122 |  |  | $ | 646,906 |  |  | $ | (48,784 | )
Adjusted diluted net operating income per share |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | $ | 0.05 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |  |  | $ | 0.02 |
Adjusted net operating return on equity |  |  | 13.9 | % |  |  | 14.7 | % |  |  | (0.8 | )% |  |  | 13.4 | % |  |  | 14.8 | % |  |  | (1.4 | )%

(1)
See “Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures” below.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Revenues

Net Premiums Earned. The following tables provide additional information about the components of our net premiums earned for the periods indicated, including the effects of our reinsurance programs.

Net premiums earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) |
(In thousands, except as otherwise indicated) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 |
Direct |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums earned, excluding revenue from cancellations |  | $ | 264,272 |  |  | $ | 261,726 |  |  | $ | 2,546 |  |  | $ | 785,313 |  |  | $ | 779,661 |  |  | $ | 5,652 |
Single Premium Policy cancellations |  |  | 1,821 |  |  |  | 1,783 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 4,735 |  |  |  | 5,973 |  |  |  | (1,238 | )
Direct |  |  | 266,093 |  |  |  | 263,509 |  |  |  | 2,584 |  |  |  | 790,048 |  |  |  | 785,634 |  |  |  | 4,414 |
Ceded |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Premiums earned, excluding revenue from cancellations |  |  | (45,870 | ) |  |  | (41,894 | ) |  |  | (3,976 | ) |  |  | (132,007 | ) |  |  | (120,816 | ) |  |  | (11,191 | )
Single Premium Policy cancellations (1) |  |  | 1,653 |  |  |  | 818 |  |  |  | 835 |  |  |  | 3,883 |  |  |  | 1,438 |  |  |  | 2,445 |
Profit commission—other (2) |  |  | 15,227 |  |  |  | 12,711 |  |  |  | 2,516 |  |  |  | 42,749 |  |  |  | 37,705 |  |  |  | 5,044 |
Ceded premiums, net of profit commission |  |  | (28,990 | ) |  |  | (28,365 | ) |  |  | (625 | ) |  |  | (85,375 | ) |  |  | (81,673 | ) |  |  | (3,702 | )
Total net premiums earned |  | $ | 237,103 |  |  | $ | 235,144 |  |  | $ | 1,959 |  |  | $ | 704,673 |  |  | $ | 703,961 |  |  | $ | 712 |
In force portfolio premium yield (in basis points) (3) |  |  | 37.9 |  |  |  | 38.2 |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | 37.7 |  |  |  | 38.2 |  |  |  | (0.5 | )
Direct premium yield (in basis points) (4) |  |  | 38.2 |  |  |  | 38.5 |  |  |  | (0.3 | ) |  |  | 37.9 |  |  |  | 38.5 |  |  |  | (0.6 | )
Net premium yield (in basis points) (5) |  |  | 34.0 |  |  |  | 34.4 |  |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  |  | 33.8 |  |  |  | 34.5 |  |  |  | (0.7 | )
Average primary IIF (in billions) (6) |  | $ | 278.7 |  |  | $ | 273.8 |  |  | $ | 4.9 |  |  | $ | 277.8 |  |  | $ | 272.4 |  |  | $ | 5.5 |

(1)
Includes the impact of related profit commissions.
(2)
Represents profit commissions under our QSR Program, excluding the impact of Single Premium Policy cancellations.
(3)
Calculated by dividing annualized direct premiums earned, excluding revenue from cancellations, by average primary IIF.
(4)
Calculated by dividing annualized direct premiums earned, by average primary IIF.
(5)
Calculated by dividing annualized net premiums earned by average primary IIF. The calculation for all periods presented incorporates the impact of profit commission adjustments related to our reinsurance programs.
(6)
The average of beginning and ending balances of primary IIF, for each period presented.

The level of mortgage prepayments affects the revenue ultimately produced by our mortgage insurance business and is influenced by the mix of business we write. See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Key Factors Affecting Our Results—Mortgage Insurance—IIF and Related Drivers” in our 2024 Form 10-K for more information.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following table provides information related to the impact of our reinsurance transactions on premiums earned. See Note 8 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our reinsurance programs.

Ceded premiums earned |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
($ in thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
QSR Program (1) |  | $ | 19,856 |  |  | $ | 16,607 |  |  | $ | 57,128 |  |  | $ | 45,854 |
XOL Program |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage insurance-linked notes program |  |  | 7,520 |  |  |  | 9,645 |  |  |  | 23,166 |  |  |  | 29,173 |
Traditional reinsurance agreement |  |  | 1,614 |  |  |  | 2,113 |  |  |  | 5,081 |  |  |  | 6,646 |
Total XOL Program |  |  | 9,134 |  |  |  | 11,758 |  |  |  | 28,247 |  |  |  | 35,819 |
Total ceded premiums earned (2) |  | $ | 28,990 |  |  | $ | 28,365 |  |  | $ | 85,375 |  |  | $ | 81,673 |
Percentage of total direct and assumed premiums earned |  |  | 10.9 | % |  |  | 10.8 | % |  |  | 10.7 | % |  |  | 10.4 | %

(1)
Includes the impact of changes in the profit commission retained by the Company due to changes in loss reserves.
(2)
Does not include the benefit from ceding commissions from the reinsurance agreements in our QSR Program, which is primarily included in other operating expenses in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. See Note 8 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Net Investment Income. The following table provides information related to our investments for the periods indicated.

Investment balances and yields |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Nine Months Ended September 30, | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) |
($ in thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 |
Investment income |  | $ | 66,373 |  |  | $ | 72,374 |  |  | $ | (6,001 | ) |  | $ | 194,939 |  |  | $ | 211,283 |  |  | $ | (16,344 | )
Investment expenses |  |  | (2,974 | ) |  |  | (3,025 | ) |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | (8,858 | ) |  |  | (8,680 | ) |  |  | (178 | )
Net investment income |  | $ | 63,399 |  |  | $ | 69,349 |  |  | $ | (5,950 | ) |  | $ | 186,081 |  |  | $ | 202,603 |  |  | $ | (16,522 | )
Average investments (1) |  | $ | 6,284,780 |  |  | $ | 6,609,536 |  |  | $ | (324,756 | ) |  | $ | 6,276,788 |  |  | $ | 6,623,041 |  |  | $ | (346,253 | )
Average investment yield (2) |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | 4.2 | % |  |  | (0.2 | )% |  |  | 4.0 | % |  |  | 4.1 | % |  |  | (0.1 | )%

(1)
For each period presented, reflects the average of the beginning and ending amortized cost of our total investments for each month of the quarter.
(2)
Calculated by dividing annualized net investment income by average investments balance.

Net investment income decreased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily driven by declines in average investment balances and lower investment yields. The decline in average balances was primarily driven by the redemption of our $450 million senior notes in September 2024. See Note 7 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for comparative detail about the components of our net investment income.

Net Gains (Losses) on Investments and Other Financial Instruments. See Note 7 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for comparative detail about net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments by investment category.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Expenses

Provision for Losses. The following table details the financial impact of the significant components of our provision for losses for the periods indicated.

Provision for losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable)
($ in thousands, except reserve per new default) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024
Current period defaults (1) |  | $ | 52,963 |  |  | $ | 57,032 |  |  | $ | 4,069 |  |  | $ | 159,968 |  |  | $ | 151,497 |  |  | $ | (8,471 | ) |
Prior period defaults (2) |  |  | (35,077 | ) |  |  | (50,686 | ) |  |  | (15,609 | ) |  |  | (114,788 | ) |  |  | (153,806 | ) |  |  | (39,018 | ) |
Total provision for losses |  | $ | 17,886 |  |  | $ | 6,346 |  |  | $ | (11,540 | ) |  | $ | 45,180 |  |  | $ | (2,309 | ) |  | $ | (47,489 | ) |
Loss ratio (3) |  |  | 7.5 | % |  |  | 2.7 | % |  |  | (4.8 | )% |  |  | 6.4 | % |  |  | (0.3 | )% |  |  | (6.7 | )% |
Reserve per new default (4) |  | $ | 3,959 |  |  | $ | 4,160 |  |  | $ | 201 |  |  | $ | 4,283 |  |  | $ | 4,143 |  |  | $ | (140 | ) |

(1)
Related to defaulted loans with the most recent default notice dated in the period indicated. For example, if a loan had defaulted in a prior period, but then subsequently cured and later re-defaulted in the current period, the default would be considered a current period default.
(2)
Related to defaulted loans with a default notice dated in a period earlier than the period indicated, which have been continuously in default since that time.
(3)
Provision for losses as a percentage of net premiums earned.
(4)
Calculated by dividing provision for losses for new defaults, net of reinsurance, by new primary defaults for each period.

The increase in the provision for losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, is primarily driven by a reduction in favorable development on prior period defaults, which impacted our mortgage insurance reserves.

As shown in the table below, current period new primary defaults were relatively flat for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to the same periods in 2024. Our gross Default to Claim Rate assumption for new primary defaults was 7.5% and 8.0% at September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as we continue to closely monitor the trends in Cures and claims paid for our default inventory, while also weighing the risks and uncertainties associated with the current economic environment.

Our provision for losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and the same periods in 2024, was positively impacted by favorable reserve development on prior period defaults, primarily as a result of more favorable trends in Cures than originally estimated. These Cures have been due primarily to favorable outcomes resulting from positive trends in home price appreciation, which has also contributed to a higher rate of claims that result in no ultimate loss and that are withdrawn by servicers as a result. These favorable observed trends have resulted in reductions in our Default to Claim Rate and other reserve adjustments for prior year default notices, including our Claim Severity assumptions in 2024.

See Note 11 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein for additional information, as well as Notes 1 and 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K, and “Item 1A. Risk Factors” herein and in our 2024 Form 10-K.

53

Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Our primary default rate as a percentage of total insured loans was 2.4% at both September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024. The following table shows a rollforward of our primary loans in default.

Rollforward of primary loans in default |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Beginning default inventory |  |  | 22,258 |  |  |  | 20,276 |  |  |  | 24,055 |  |  |  | 22,021 |
New defaults |  |  | 13,378 |  |  |  | 13,708 |  |  |  | 37,350 |  |  |  | 36,568 |
Cures (1) |  |  | (11,540 | ) |  |  | (11,484 | ) |  |  | (36,934 | ) |  |  | (35,764 | )
Claims paid |  |  | (239 | ) |  |  | (99 | ) |  |  | (533 | ) |  |  | (376 | )
Rescissions and Claim Denials (2) |  |  | (38 | ) |  |  | (51 | ) |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | (99 | )
Ending default inventory |  |  | 23,819 |  |  |  | 22,350 |  |  |  | 23,819 |  |  |  | 22,350 |

(1)
Includes submitted claims that resolved without a claim payment.
(2)
Net of any previous Rescissions and Claim Denials that were reinstated during the period. Such reinstated Rescissions and Claim Denials may ultimately result in a paid claim.

The following table shows additional information about our primary loans in default as of the dates indicated.

Primary loans in default - additional information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |  |  | September 30, 2024 |
|  | # |  |  | % |  |  | # |  |  | % |  |  | # |  |  | % |
Missed payments - pre-foreclosure stage |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Three payments or less |  |  | 12,351 |  |  |  | 51.8 | % |  |  | 12,673 |  |  |  | 52.7 | % |  |  | 11,691 |  |  |  | 52.3 | %
Four to eleven payments |  |  | 7,287 |  |  |  | 30.6 | % |  |  | 7,517 |  |  |  | 31.3 | % |  |  | 6,766 |  |  |  | 30.3 | %
Twelve payments or more |  |  | 2,616 |  |  |  | 11.0 | % |  |  | 2,511 |  |  |  | 10.4 | % |  |  | 2,519 |  |  |  | 11.3 | %
Foreclosure stage defaulted loans (1) |  |  | 1,189 |  |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 1,061 |  |  |  | 4.4 | % |  |  | 1,019 |  |  |  | 4.5 | %
Pending claims |  |  | 376 |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |  | 293 |  |  |  | 1.2 | % |  |  | 355 |  |  |  | 1.6 | %
Total default inventory |  |  | 23,819 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 24,055 |  |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 22,350 |  |  |  | 100.0 | %
Policies in force |  |  | 983,747 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 976,842 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 992,119 |  |  |  |
Primary default rate |  |  |  |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.4 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 2.3 | %

(1)
Loans in the stage of default in which a foreclosure sale has been scheduled or held.

We develop our Default to Claim Rate estimates based primarily on models that use a variety of loan characteristics to determine the likelihood that a default will reach claim status. Our aggregate weighted average net Default to Claim Rate assumption for our primary loans used in estimating our reserve for losses, which is net of estimated Claim Denials and Rescissions, was 24% and 23% as of September 30, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. See Note 11 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional details about our Default to Claim Rate assumptions.

Although expected claims are included in our reserve for losses, the timing of claims paid is subject to fluctuation from quarter to quarter based on the rate that defaults cure and other factors (as described in “Item 1. Business—Mortgage Insurance—Defaults and Claims” in our 2024 Form 10-K) that make the timing of paid claims difficult to predict.

54

Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following table shows net claims paid by product and the average claim paid by product for the periods indicated.

Claims paid |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net claims paid (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary |  | $ | 7,999 |  |  | $ | 2,408 |  |  | $ | 17,324 |  |  | $ | 7,558 |
Pool and other |  |  | (32 | ) |  |  | (47 | ) |  |  | (953 | ) |  |  | (41 | )
Subtotal |  |  | 7,967 |  |  |  | 2,361 |  |  |  | 16,371 |  |  |  | 7,517 |
LAE |  |  | 894 |  |  |  | 1,031 |  |  |  | 2,788 |  |  |  | 3,227 |
Commutations and settlements (2) |  |  | 1,141 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,065 |  |  |  | 1,552 |
Total net claims paid |  | $ | 10,002 |  |  | $ | 3,392 |  |  | $ | 21,224 |  |  | $ | 12,296 |
Average net primary claim paid (1) (3) |  | $ | 42.6 |  |  | $ | 22.9 |  |  | $ | 38.0 |  |  | $ | 27.0 |
Average direct primary claim paid (3) (4) |  | $ | 51.1 |  |  | $ | 27.2 |  |  | $ | 47.0 |  |  | $ | 29.0 |

(1)
Net of reinsurance recoveries.
(2)
Includes payments to commute mortgage insurance coverage on certain performing and non-performing loans.
(3)
Calculated excluding the impact of: (i) LAE; (ii) commutations and settlements; and (iii) claims resolved without payment, including claims subsequently withdrawn by the servicer.
(4)
Before reinsurance recoveries.

For additional information about our reserve for losses, see “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Other Operating Expenses. Other operating expenses were relatively flat for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, as favorable impacts from lower non-personnel expenses as a result of expense reduction initiatives and higher ceding commissions from QSR agreements were offset by increases in performance-based variable and share-based incentive compensation expenses.

The following table shows additional information about our other operating expenses for the periods indicated.

Other operating expenses |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Change Favorable (Unfavorable) |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 vs. 2024 |
Salaries and other base employee expenses |  | $ | 24,259 |  |  | $ | 23,516 |  |  | $ | (743 | ) |  | $ | 77,330 |  |  | $ | 79,286 |  |  | $ | 1,956 |
Variable and share-based incentive compensation |  |  | 16,115 |  |  |  | 13,484 |  |  |  | (2,631 | ) |  |  | 58,714 |  |  |  | 47,430 |  |  |  | (11,284 | )
Other general operating expenses |  |  | 29,438 |  |  |  | 33,388 |  |  |  | 3,950 |  |  |  | 74,651 |  |  |  | 80,381 |  |  |  | 5,730 |
Ceding commissions |  |  | (7,556 | ) |  |  | (6,276 | ) |  |  | 1,280 |  |  |  | (21,353 | ) |  |  | (17,877 | ) |  |  | 3,476 |
Total other operating expenses |  | $ | 62,256 |  |  | $ | 64,112 |  |  | $ | 1,856 |  |  | $ | 189,342 |  |  | $ | 189,220 |  |  | $ | (122 | )

Share-based incentive compensation expense increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily due to increases in the projected payouts associated with performance-based RSUs. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information about our share-based compensation programs.

Other general operating expenses decreased in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the same periods in 2024, primarily as a result of continued expense saving actions. Other general operating expenses also included the following expenses: (i) $9 million of acquisition-related expenses for the pending acquisition of Inigo in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, and (ii) $10 million of impairments of internal-use software in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024.

55

Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Interest Expense. The decrease in interest expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same periods in 2024, is primarily due to a decline in senior notes outstanding due to the redemption in March 2024 of $525 million of senior notes. The nine months ended September 30, 2024, also included a $4 million loss on extinguishment of debt related to the redemption of these senior notes. See Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional detail about our interest expense.

Income Tax Provision

Our provision for income taxes for interim periods is established based on our estimated annual effective tax rate for a given year and reflects the impact of discrete tax effects in the period in which they occur.

Our effective tax rate for continuing operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, was 23.1% and 22.2%, respectively, as compared to 22.3% and 21.8% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, the effects of non-deductible executive compensation expense and state income taxes were the primary drivers of the difference in our effective tax rate compared to the federal statutory rate.

Income (Loss) from Discontinued Operations, Net of Tax

Income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, includes the results of our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses, which have been reclassified to discontinued operations for all periods presented. The loss from discontinued operations in each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, included $7 million of estimated costs related to the expected future sale of these businesses. See Note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Financial Statements for additional details.

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to traditional GAAP financial measures, we have presented “adjusted pretax operating income (loss),” “adjusted diluted net operating income (loss) per share” and “adjusted net operating return on equity,” which are non-GAAP financial measures for the consolidated company, among our key performance indicators to evaluate our fundamental financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures align with the way our business performance is evaluated by both management and by our board of directors. These measures have been established in order to increase transparency for the purposes of evaluating our operating trends and enabling more meaningful comparisons with our peers. Although adjusted pretax operating income (loss), adjusted diluted net operating income (loss) per share and adjusted net operating return on equity are non-GAAP financial measures, for the reasons discussed above we believe these measures aid in understanding the underlying performance of our operations.

Total adjusted pretax operating income (loss), adjusted diluted net operating income (loss) per share and adjusted net operating return on equity are not measures of overall profitability, and therefore should not be considered in isolation or viewed as substitutes for GAAP pretax income (loss) from continuing operations, diluted net income (loss) per share or return on equity. Our definitions of adjusted pretax operating income (loss), adjusted diluted net operating income (loss) per share and adjusted net operating return on equity, as discussed and reconciled below to the most comparable respective GAAP measures, may not be comparable to similarly named measures reported by other companies.

Our senior management, including our Chief Executive Officer (Radian’s chief operating decision maker), uses adjusted pretax operating income (loss) as our primary measure to evaluate the fundamental financial performance of our businesses. For detailed information regarding items excluded from adjusted pretax operating income (loss) and the reasons for their treatment, both in our 2024 Form 10-K, see Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Results of Operations—Consolidated—Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

Beginning with the first quarter of 2025, when calculating adjusted diluted net operating income per share and adjusted net operating return on equity, the Company no longer adjusts for the difference between the Company’s statutory and effective tax rates to calculate those non-GAAP financial measures using the Company’s federal statutory tax rate of 21%. The impact of this incremental adjustment for the difference between the Company’s statutory and effective tax rates has been immaterial in recent periods because the number and magnitude of non-recurring fluctuations in the Company’s effective tax rate have declined in recent years. As such, the Company believes that this incremental adjustment for the difference between

56

Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

the two rates is no longer meaningful to users of our financial statements. We have reflected this change in our calculations of adjusted diluted net operating income per share and adjusted net operating return on equity for all periods presented herein. As it relates to the impact of reconciling income (expense) items included in these non-GAAP financial measures, the Company continues to reflect these items on a gross basis and calculates the income tax provision (benefit) on these items using the Company’s federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Effective in the third quarter of 2025, the results of our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses are included in income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented herein. The calculation of adjusted pretax operating income, as detailed below, excludes income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented herein. As a result, the calculations of adjusted diluted net operating income per share and adjusted net operating return on equity also exclude income (loss) from discontinued operations, net of tax, for all periods presented herein.

Adjusted pretax operating income (loss) is defined as GAAP pretax income (loss) from continuing operations excluding the effects of: (i) net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments and (ii) impairment of other long-lived assets and other non-operating items, if any, such as gains (losses) from the sale of lines of business, acquisition-related income (expenses) and gains (losses) on extinguishment of debt, among others.

The following table provides a reconciliation of pretax income from continuing operations to our non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted pretax operating income.

Reconciliation of pretax income from continuing operations to adjusted pretax operating income |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Pretax income from continuing operations |  | $ | 198,694 |  |  | $ | 214,306 |  |  | $ | 590,190 |  |  | $ | 635,223 |
Less: income (expense) items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | 1,285 |  |  |  | 6,721 |  |  |  | 1,135 |  |  |  | 2,403 |
Impairment of other long-lived assets and other non-operating items (1) |  |  | (8,683 | ) |  |  | (9,811 | ) |  |  | (9,067 | ) |  |  | (14,086 | )
Adjusted pretax operating income |  | $ | 206,092 |  |  | $ | 217,396 |  |  | $ | 598,122 |  |  | $ | 646,906 |

(1)
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025, primarily relates to acquisition-related expenses. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024, primarily relates to impairment of internal-use software.

Adjusted diluted net operating income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing adjusted pretax operating income (loss), net of taxes computed using the Company’s effective tax rate, by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and all dilutive potential common shares outstanding. As discussed above, for purposes of this non-GAAP financial measure, the income tax provision (benefit) on the reconciling income (expense) items is calculated using the Company’s federal statutory tax rate. The following table provides a reconciliation of diluted net income (loss) from continuing operations per share to our non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted diluted net operating income (loss) per share.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Reconciliation of diluted net income from continuing operations per share to adjusted diluted net operating income per share |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Diluted net income from continuing operations per share |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 3.25 |  |  | $ | 3.21 |
Less: per-share impact of reconciling income (expense) items |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.04 |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.01 |
Impairment of other long-lived assets and other non-operating items |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | (0.06 | ) |  |  | (0.09 | )
Income tax (provision) benefit on reconciling income (expense) items (1) |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |  | 0.02 |
Per-share impact of reconciling income (expense) items |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.06 | )
Adjusted diluted net operating income per share |  | $ | 1.15 |  |  | $ | 1.10 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |

(1)
Calculated using the Company’s federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

Adjusted net operating return on equity is calculated by dividing annualized adjusted pretax operating income (loss), net of taxes computed using the Company’s effective tax rate, by average stockholders’ equity, based on the average of the beginning and ending balances for each period presented. As discussed above, for purposes of this non-GAAP financial measure, the income tax provision (benefit) on the reconciling income (expense) items is calculated using the Company’s federal statutory tax rate. The following table provides a reconciliation of return on equity from continuing operations to our non-GAAP financial measure of adjusted net operating return on equity.

Reconciliation of return on equity from continuing operations to adjusted net operating return on equity |
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Return on equity from continuing operations (1) |  |  | 13.4 | % |  |  | 14.5 | % |  |  | 13.2 | % |  |  | 14.6 | %
Less: impact of reconciling income (expense) items (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) on investments and other financial instruments |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
Impairment of other long-lived assets and other non-operating items |  |  | (0.7 | )% |  |  | (0.9 | )% |  |  | (0.2 | )% |  |  | (0.4 | )%
Income tax (provision) benefit on reconciling income (expense) items (3) |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | 0.1 | % |  |  | — | % |  |  | 0.1 | %
Impact of reconciling income (expense) items |  |  | (0.5 | )% |  |  | (0.2 | )% |  |  | (0.2 | )% |  |  | (0.2 | )%
Adjusted net operating return on equity |  |  | 13.9 | % |  |  | 14.7 | % |  |  | 13.4 | % |  |  | 14.8 | %

(1)
Calculated by dividing annualized net income by average stockholders’ equity, based on the average of the beginning and ending balances for each period presented.
(2)
Annualized, as a percentage of average stockholders’ equity.
(3)
Calculated using the Company’s federal statutory tax rate of 21%.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Liquidity and Ca pital Resources

Consolidated Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities.

Summary cash flows - consolidated |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
(In thousands) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities, continuing operations |  | $ | 546,211 |  |  | $ | 508,527 |
Investing activities, continuing operations |  |  | (1,790 | ) |  |  | 313,360 |
Financing activities, continuing operations |  |  | (534,571 | ) |  |  | (697,621 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations |  | $ | 9,850 |  |  | $ | 124,266 |
Operating activities, discontinued operations |  | $ | (833,343 | ) |  | $ | (902,684 | )
Investing activities, discontinued operations |  |  | 206,395 |  |  |  | (20,931 | )
Financing activities, discontinued operations |  |  | 591,672 |  |  |  | 809,359 |
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations |  | $ | (35,276 | ) |  | $ | (114,256 | )
Increase (decrease) in cash and restricted cash (1) |  | $ | (25,426 | ) |  | $ | 10,010 |

(1)
Includes change in cash and restricted cash for discontinued operations, which are included in assets held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Operating Activities. Our most significant source of operating cash flows from continuing operations is from premiums received from our mortgage insurance policies, while our most significant uses of operating cash flows have typically been for our operating expenses, taxes and claims paid on our mortgage insurance policies. The increase in cash provided by operating activities, continuing operations, in the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, is primarily due to a decrease in the purchases of U.S. Mortgage Guaranty Tax and Loss Bonds in 2025. Net cash flows used in operating activities from discontinued operations primarily relate to net purchases and sales of mortgage loans held for sale.

Investing Activities. The change in net cash used in investing activities, continuing operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, as compared to cash provided by investing activities, continuing operations in the same period in 2024, was primarily driven by an increase in purchases, net of sales and redemptions on short-term investments, partially offset by a decrease in purchases net of sales and redemptions of available for sale securities. Net cash provided by investing activities, discontinued operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was primarily driven by principal payments from securitized residential mortgage loans held for investment.

Financing Activities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, our primary use of cash for financing activities, continuing operations included: (i) repurchases of our common stock and (ii) payment of dividends. See Notes 14 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. Net cash provided by financing activities, discontinued operations, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, was primarily driven by: (i) the net proceeds from the issuance of securitized nonrecourse debt and (ii) the net change in borrowings related to funding from mortgage loan financing facilities.

See “Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)—Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)” for additional information.

Liquidity Analysis—Holding Company

Radian Group serves as the holding company for our operating subsidiaries and does not have any operations of its own. At September 30, 2025, Radian Group had available, either directly or through unregulated subsidiaries, unrestricted

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

cash and liquid investments of $995 million. Total liquidity was $1.3 billion as of September 30, 2025, and included our undrawn unsecured revolving credit facility.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, Radian Group’s available liquidity increased by $110 million, primarily due to $600 million received from Radian Guaranty, consisting of a $200 million return of capital and $400 million of ordinary dividends, partially offset by $541 million paid for share repurchases and dividends, as described below. See Note 16 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on these distributions.

In addition to available cash and marketable securities, including net investment income earned on such investments, Radian Group’s principal sources of cash to fund future liquidity needs include: (i) payments made to Radian Group by its subsidiaries under expense- and tax-sharing arrangements; (ii) proceeds from a 10-year, $600 million intercompany borrowing from Radian Guaranty that we plan to enter into to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Inigo acquisition; and (iii) to the extent available, dividends or other distributions from its subsidiaries.

At September 30, 2025, Radian Group had in place a $275 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of bank lenders. At September 30, 2025, the full $275 million was available under the facility. On November 4, 2025, this credit facility was amended and restated to, among other things, increase the committed availability to $500 million. The amended and restated revolving credit facility matures in November 2030. Subject to certain limitations, borrowings under the credit facility may be used for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, capital contributions to our insurance and other subsidiaries as well as growth initiatives. See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information on the unsecured revolving credit facility.

In connection with our Mortgage Conduit business, Radian Mortgage Capital has entered into the Master Repurchase Agreements to finance the acquisition of residential mortgage loans and related mortgage loan assets, which are included in assets held for sale on our condensed consolidated balance sheets. In the ordinary course of its business, Radian Mortgage Capital expects to renew the Master Repurchase Agreements on or prior to expiration and/or to enter into new agreements to finance the acquisition of residential mortgage loans and related mortgage loan assets. As of September 30, 2025, Radian Group has entered into four separate Parent Guarantees to guaranty the obligations under the Master Repurchase Agreements, which we expect would terminate upon any sale of the Mortgage Conduit business. See Note 3 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information. In addition to financing the acquisition of mortgage loan assets under the Master Repurchase Agreements, Radian Mortgage Capital may fund such purchases directly using capital contributed from Radian Group.

We expect Radian Group’s principal liquidity demands for the next 12 months to be: (i) investments to support our business strategy and to expand and diversify our revenue streams, including the pending $1.7 billion acquisition of Inigo and, if needed, capital contributions to our subsidiaries; (ii) the payment of corporate expenses, including taxes; (iii) interest payments on our outstanding debt obligations; and (iv) the payment of quarterly dividends on our common stock, which are currently $0.255 per share, and which remain subject to approval by our board of directors and our ongoing assessment of our financial condition and potential needs related to the execution and implementation of our business plans and strategies.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, Radian Group made $30 million and $60 million, respectively, of additional equity contributions to support our Title and Real Estate Services businesses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, Radian Group made $70 million of equity contributions to facilitate the growth of our Mortgage Conduit business. No such contributions were made to our Mortgage Conduit business during the same period in 2025.

In the event the cash flows from operations of our businesses held for sale continue to be insufficient to fund all of their needs, Radian Group may continue to provide additional funds in the form of additional capital contributions or other support. See “Investments to grow our existing businesses, pursue new lines of business or develop new products and services within existing lines of business subject us to additional risks and uncertainties” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information.

In addition to our ongoing short-term liquidity needs discussed above, our most significant need for liquidity beyond the next 12 months is the repayment of $1.1 billion aggregate principal amount of our senior debt due in future years and the $600 million that we plan to borrow from Radian Guaranty to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Inigo acquisition. See “Capitalization—Holding Company” below for details of our debt maturity profile.

Radian Group’s liquidity demands for the next 12 months or in future periods could also include: (i) potential repurchases of shares of our common stock pursuant to share repurchase authorizations, as described below; (ii) early repurchases or redemptions of portions of our debt obligations; and (iii) potential payments pursuant to the Parent Guarantees.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

For additional information about related risks and uncertainties, see “Funding the Inigo acquisition will result in an immediate reduction in our liquidity and Radian Guaranty’s PMIERs cushion and will subject us to certain conditions and compliance obligations associated with the intercompany borrowing agreement between Radian Group and Radian Guaranty, which could adversely affect us and our financial condition” herein under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Our sources of liquidity may be insufficient to fund our obligations” and “Radian Guaranty may fail to maintain its eligibility status with the GSEs, and the additional capital required to support Radian Guaranty’s eligibility could reduce our available liquidity” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

In addition to Radian Group’s existing sources of liquidity to fund its obligations, we may decide to seek additional capital, including by incurring additional debt, issuing additional equity or selling assets, which we may not be able to do on favorable terms, if at all.

Inigo Acquisition. The Company plans to fund the $1.7 billion acquisition of Inigo through a combination of: (i) proceeds from a 10-year, $600 million intercompany borrowing from Radian Guaranty and (ii) $1.1 billion from Radian Group’s liquidity at the time of closing, which may include accessing our unsecured revolving credit facility, if needed.

Share Repurchases. During the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the Company repurchased 13.4 million shares of Radian Group common stock under programs authorized by Radian Group’s board of directors, at a total cost of $430 million, including commissions. See Note 14 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details on our share repurchase programs.

Dividends and Dividend Equivalents. In February 2025, Radian Group’s board of directors authorized an increase to the Company’s quarterly dividend from $0.245 to $0.255 per share. Based on our outstanding shares of common stock and our current dividend level, we would require approximately $138 million in aggregate to pay dividends for the next 12 months, plus an incremental amount for dividend equivalents that will fluctuate based on final shares vested under our performance-based RSU programs. So long as no default or event of default exists under our revolving credit facility or the Parent Guarantees, Radian Group is not subject to any legal or contractual limitations on its ability to pay dividends except those generally applicable to corporations that are incorporated in Delaware. See Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional details. The declaration, level and payment of future quarterly dividends remains subject to the board of directors’ discretion and determination.

Corporate Expenses and Interest Expense. Radian Group has expense-sharing arrangements in place with its principal operating subsidiaries that require those subsidiaries to pay their allocated share of certain holding-company-level expenses, including interest payments on Radian Group’s outstanding debt obligations. Corporate expenses and interest expense on Radian Group’s debt obligations allocated under these arrangements during the nine months ended September 30, 2025, of $125 million and $49 million, respectively, were substantially all reimbursed by its subsidiaries. We expect substantially all of our holding company expenses to continue to be reimbursed by our subsidiaries under our expense-sharing arrangements. The expense-sharing arrangements, as amended, between Radian Group and its mortgage insurance subsidiaries have been approved by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department, but such approval may be modified or revoked at any time.

Taxes. Pursuant to our tax-sharing agreements, our operating subsidiaries pay Radian Group an amount equal to any federal income tax the subsidiary would have paid on a standalone basis if they were not part of our consolidated tax return. As a result, from time to time, under the provisions of our tax-sharing agreements, Radian Group may pay to or receive from its operating subsidiaries amounts that differ from Radian Group’s consolidated federal tax payment obligation. There were $34 million of tax-sharing agreement payments received by Radian Group from its subsidiaries during the nine months ended September 30, 2025.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Capitalization—Holding Company

The following table presents our holding company capital structure.

Capital structure |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except per-share amounts and ratios) |  | September 30, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Debt |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior Notes due 2027 |  | $ | 450,000 |  |  | $ | 450,000 |
Senior Notes due 2029 |  |  | 625,000 |  |  |  | 625,000 |
Unamortized discount and debt issuance costs |  |  | (7,749 | ) |  |  | (9,663 | )
Revolving credit facility |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 1,067,251 |  |  |  | 1,065,337 |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  | 4,652,449 |  |  |  | 4,623,858 |
Total capitalization |  | $ | 5,719,700 |  |  | $ | 5,689,195 |
Holding company debt-to-capital ratio (1) |  |  | 18.7 | % |  |  | 18.7 | %
Shares outstanding |  |  | 135,473 |  |  |  | 147,569 |
Book value per share |  | $ | 34.34 |  |  | $ | 31.33 |

(1)
Calculated as carrying value of senior notes, which were issued and are owed by our holding company, divided by carrying value of senior notes and stockholders’ equity. This holding company ratio does not include the effects of amounts owed by our subsidiaries related to secured borrowings.

Stockholders’ equity increased by $29 million from December 31, 2024, to September 30, 2025. The net increase in stockholders’ equity for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, resulted primarily from: (i) our net income of $428 million and (ii) a net decrease in unrealized losses on investment securities of $124 million as a result of decreases in market interest rates during the period. These factors were partially offset by: (i) share repurchases of $430 million, excluding related excise taxes due and (ii) dividend and dividend equivalents of $110 million.

The increase in book value per share from $31.33 at December 31, 2024, to $34.34 at September 30, 2025, is primarily due to: (i) an increase of $2.90 per share attributable to our net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, and (ii) an increase of $0.84 per share due to a net decrease in unrealized losses in our available for sale securities, recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. These increases were partially offset primarily by a decrease of $0.75 per share attributable to dividends and dividend equivalents.

We regularly evaluate opportunities, based on market conditions, to finance our operations by accessing the capital markets or entering into other types of financing arrangements with institutional and other lenders. We also regularly consider various measures to improve our capital and liquidity positions, as well as to strengthen our balance sheet, improve Radian Group’s debt maturity profile and maintain adequate liquidity for our operations. Among other things, these measures may include borrowing agreements or arrangements, such as securities or other master repurchase agreements and revolving credit facilities. In the past, we have repurchased or exchanged, prior to maturity, some of our outstanding debt, and in the future, we may from time to time seek to redeem, repurchase or exchange for other securities, or otherwise restructure or refinance some or all of our outstanding debt prior to maturity in the open market through other public or private transactions, including pursuant to one or more tender offers or through any combination of the foregoing, as circumstances may allow. The timing or amount of any potential transactions will depend on a number of factors, including market opportunities and our views regarding our capital and liquidity positions and potential future needs. There can be no assurance that any such transactions will be completed on favorable terms, or at all.

Mortgage Insurance

Historically, one of the primary demands for liquidity in our Mortgage Insurance business is the payment of claims, net of reinsurance, including from commutations and settlements. See Note 11 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for information on our mortgage insurance reserve for losses and LAE, which represents our best estimate for the costs of settling future claims on currently defaulted mortgage loans.

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Other principal demands for liquidity in our Mortgage Insurance business are expected to include: (i) expenses (including those allocated from Radian Group); (ii) repayments of FHLB advances; (iii) distributions from Radian Guaranty to Radian Group, including returns of capital, recurring ordinary dividends and the intercompany borrowing by Radian Group related to the pending Inigo acquisition; and (iv) taxes, including potential additional purchases of U.S. Mortgage Guaranty Tax and Loss Bonds. See Notes 10 and 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information related to these non-interest-bearing instruments.

The principal sources of liquidity in our Mortgage Insurance business currently include insurance premiums, net investment income and cash flows from: (i) investment sales and maturities and (ii) FHLB advances. We believe that the operating cash flows generated by Radian Guaranty, as well as our other immaterial mortgage insurance subsidiaries, will provide them with the funds necessary to satisfy their respective needs for the foreseeable future. Future sources of liquidity also are expected to include interest payments from Radian Group on the $600 million intercompany borrowing that we plan to enter into to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Inigo acquisition and may also include, if necessary, capital contributions from Radian Group.

As of September 30, 2025, Radian Guaranty maintained claims paying resources of $6.1 billion on a statutory basis, which consist of contingency reserves, statutory policyholders’ surplus, premiums received but not yet earned and loss reserves. In addition, our reinsurance programs are designed to provide additional claims-paying resources during times of economic stress and elevated losses. See Note 8 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Radian Guaranty’s Risk-to-capital as of September 30, 2025, was 10.4 to 1. Radian Guaranty is not expected to need additional capital to satisfy state insurance regulatory requirements in their current form. At September 30, 2025, Radian Guaranty had statutory policyholders’ surplus of $661 million. This balance includes a $1.0 billion benefit from U.S. Mortgage Guaranty Tax and Loss Bonds issued by the U.S. Department of the Treasury, which mortgage guaranty insurers such as Radian Guaranty may purchase in order to be eligible for a tax deduction, subject to certain limitations, related to amounts required to be set aside in statutory contingency reserves. Both in our 2024 Form 10-K, see Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Radian Guaranty may fail to maintain its eligibility status with the GSEs, and the additional capital required to support Radian Guaranty’s eligibility could reduce our available liquidit y” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” for more information.

Radian Guaranty currently is an approved mortgage insurer under the PMIERs. Private mortgage insurers, including Radian Guaranty, are required to comply with the PMIERs to remain approved insurers of loans purchased by the GSEs. At September 30, 2025, Radian Guaranty’s Available Assets under the PMIERs financial requirements totaled $6.0 billion, resulting in a PMIERs Cushion of $1.9 billion, or 46%, over its Minimum Required Assets. Those amounts compare to Available Assets of $6.0 billion and a PMIERs Cushion of $2.2 billion, or 56%, at December 31, 2024. See “Funding the Inigo acquisition will result in an immediate reduction in our liquidity and Radian Guaranty’s PMIERs cushion and will subject us to certain conditions and compliance obligations associated with the intercompany borrowing agreement between Radian Group and Radian Guaranty, which could adversely affect us and our financial condition” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”

Despite holding assets above the minimum statutory capital thresholds and PMIERs financial requirements, the ability of Radian’s mortgage insurance subsidiaries to pay dividends on their common stock is restricted by certain provisions of the insurance laws of Pennsylvania, their state of domicile. Under Pennsylvania’s insurance laws, ordinary dividends and other distributions may only be paid out of an insurer’s positive unassigned surplus unless the Pennsylvania Insurance Department approves the payment of dividends or other distributions from another source.

Radian Guaranty received approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department to make a return of capital distribution to Radian Group of $200 million during the first three months of 2025 from its paid in surplus. In each of the second and third quarters of 2025, Radian Guaranty paid $200 million in ordinary dividends to Radian Group, and we expect Radian Guaranty to maintain the ability to pay dividends during the remainder of 2025 and for the foreseeable future.

As noted above, Radian Group plans to pay a portion of the cash consideration for the Inigo acquisition, which is expected to close in the first quarter of 2026, with proceeds of a 10-year borrowing to be made by Radian Group from Radian Guaranty, pursuant to a $600 million intercompany note that has been approved by the Pennsylvania Insurance Department. Radian Guaranty will be required to comply with certain conditions while this intercompany note is outstanding, including, most notably, obtaining prior approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department for all dividends paid by Radian Guaranty for a period of three years (which we may request to be reduced or the Pennsylvania Insurance Department may, in certain

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

circumstances, extend for up to five years) and maintaining a minimum policyholders’ surplus of $500 million, among other conditions.

See Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information on our statutory dividend restrictions and contingency reserve requirements.

Radian Guaranty is a member of the FHLB. As a member, it may borrow from the FHLB, subject to certain conditions, which include requirements to post collateral and to maintain a minimum investment in FHLB stock. Advances from the FHLB may be used to provide low-cost, supplemental liquidity for various purposes, including to fund incremental investments. Radian’s current strategy includes using FHLB advances as financing for general cash management and liquidity purposes. As of September 30, 2025, there were $60 million of FHLB advances outstanding. See Note 12 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Ratings

Ratings independently assigned by third-party statistical rating organizations often are considered in assessing our credit strength and the financial strength of our primary insurance subsidiaries. Radian Group and Radian Guaranty are currently assigned the financial strength ratings set forth in the chart below, which are provided for informational purposes only and are subject to change. See “Potential downgrades by rating agencies to the current financial strength ratings assigned to Radian Guaranty and/or the credit ratings assigned to Radian Group could adversely affect the Company” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Ratings |  |  |  |  |  |
Subsidiary |  | Fitch (1) |  | Moody’s (1) |  | S&P (1)
Radian Group (2) |  | BBB |  | Baa3 |  | BBB-
Radian Guaranty |  | A |  | A3 |  | A-

(1)
Fitch Ratings (“Fitch”) and Moody’s Investors Service (“Moody’s”) each currently rate the outlook for both Radian Group and Radian Guaranty as Stable. S&P Global Ratings (“S&P”) currently rates the outlook for Radian Group and Radian Guaranty as CreditWatch Developing, following the announcement of the Inigo acquisition.
(2)
Senior debt ratings.

Critical Accoun ting Estimates

Except as described below, as of the filing date of this report, there were no significant changes in our critical accounting estimates from those discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K. See Note 2 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for accounting pronouncements issued but not yet adopted that may impact the Company’s consolidated financial position, earnings, cash flows or disclosures.

Held For Sale Classification. We report a business as held for sale when management has committed to a formal plan to sell the assets, the business is available for immediate sale and is being actively marketed at a price that is reasonable in relation to its fair value, an active program to locate a buyer and other actions required to complete the plan to sell the asset have been initiated, the sale is probable and expected to be completed within one year, and it is deemed unlikely that significant changes to the plan will be made or that the plan will be withdrawn. A business classified as held for sale is reflected at the lower of its carrying amount or estimated fair value less cost to sell. If the carrying amount of the business exceeds its estimated fair value, a loss is recognized. Assets and liabilities related to a business classified as held for sale are segregated in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in the period in which the business is classified as held for sale and any prior periods presented. After a business is classified as held for sale, depreciation and amortization expense is not recognized on its assets.

Discontinued Operations. We report the results of operations of a business as discontinued operations if the business is classified as held for sale, and represents a strategic shift that has a major effect on our financial results. In the period in which the business meets the criteria of a discontinued operation, its results are reported in income or loss from discontinued operations in the condensed consolidated statements of operations for current and prior periods, and include any required adjustment of the carrying amount to its fair value less cost to sell. In addition, tax is allocated between continuing operations and discontinued operations. The amount of tax allocated to discontinued operations is the difference between the tax

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Part I. Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

originally allocated to continuing operations and the tax allocated to the reclassified amount of income from continuing operations in each period.

Ite m 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Market risk represents the potential for loss due to adverse changes in the value of financial instruments as a result of changes in market conditions. Examples of market risk include changes in interest rates, credit spreads, foreign currency exchange rates and equity prices. We regularly analyze our exposure to interest rate risk and credit spread risk and have determined that the fair value of our investments is materially exposed to changes in both interest rates and credit spreads. See “Our success depends, in part, on our ability to manage risks in our investment portfolio” under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Our market risk exposures at September 30, 2025, related to our investments, primarily relate to interest rate and credit risk and have not materially changed from those identified in our 2024 Form 10-K.

Ite m 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain disclosure controls and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2025, pursuant to Rule 15d-15(b) under the Exchange Act. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the three-month period ended September 30, 2025, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Ite m 1. Legal Proceedings

We are routinely involved in a number of legal actions and proceedings, including reviews, audits, inquiries, information-gathering requests and investigations by various regulatory entities, as well as litigation and other disputes arising in the ordinary course of our business. See Note 13 of Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding legal actions and proceedings.

65

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations are subject to various risks that could cause actual results to vary materially from recent results or from anticipated future results. Except as set forth below, there have been no material changes to our risk factors from those previously disclosed in our 2024 Form 10-K.

We also note that primary and secondary impacts of recent regulatory and legislative actions, tariffs and trade policies, and most recently the government shutdown, as well as legal challenges and responses thereto, have impacted, among other things, the macroeconomic environment and regulatory policies. In addition, reductions in staffing as well as changes in leadership at several government agencies, including the FHFA and FHA, and the GSEs, are influencing changes in federal housing policies and the housing finance system and have resulted in changes to the business practices of the GSEs. Accordingly, the impact of recent regulatory and legislative actions and other actions of the current presidential administration on, among other things, the macroeconomic environment and regulatory and government policies could exacerbate the other risks and uncertainties set forth in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 10-K and in this report.

Risks Related to the Planned Inigo Acquisition

Closing of the Inigo acquisition is subject to certain conditions that may not be satisfied or waived, and the acquisition may not be completed, on the anticipated timeline or at all.

As previously disclosed, on September 18, 2025, Radian Group and Radian US entered into a share purchase deed (the “Inigo Purchase Agreement”) with the A Share Sellers (as defined therein), the B Share Management Sellers (as defined therein) and the Zedra Trust Company (Guernsey) Limited, a company incorporated in Guernsey, acting in its capacity as trustee of the employee benefit trust and nominee for each B Share Management Seller (together with the B Share Management Sellers and the A Share Sellers, the “Sellers”) pursuant to which Radian US has agreed to acquire all of the shares of Inigo for aggregate consideration of $1.7 billion (the “Purchase Price”), subject to certain adjustments described in the Inigo Purchase Agreement, including the ability of the Company to terminate the agreement if Inigo’s performance would result in the purchase price being adjusted below $1.65 billion.

The obligations of the parties to consummate the transaction are subject to the satisfaction of certain closing conditions, including that Radian US obtain the necessary regulatory approvals and the Sellers having delivered to Radian US a letter from the facility agent under a letter of credit facility agreement dated November 3, 2021, waiving the change of control clause under the letter of credit agreement.

The failure to satisfy the required conditions on a timely basis or at all, or a decline in Inigo’s performance warranting a material adjustment in the Purchase Price could delay the closing of the Inigo acquisition or result in termination of the Inigo Purchase Agreement. There can be no assurance that the closing conditions will be satisfied or waived or that the transaction will be completed. Any delay or failure to complete the Inigo acquisition could prevent us from realizing the anticipated benefits from the transaction and have a material adverse effect on our business strategy, financial condition and results of operations.

We face risks associated with our planned acquisition of Inigo and our ability to successfully execute our strategic transformation into a global multi-line specialty insurer.

The acquisition of Inigo is part of our planned strategic shift to transform the Company into a global multi-line specialty insurer and exposes us to certain risks that may negatively affect our financial condition and results of operations. These risks include: potential diversion of the attention of either party’s management from regular ongoing business operations; significant unknown or inestimable liabilities associated with Inigo; uncertainty about the expected future financial performance and results of Inigo and its businesses following completion of the acquisition; the possibility that we may be unable to realize the anticipated benefits of the transaction including the expected financial impact of the Inigo acquisition on us, capital efficiencies and benefits of scale and non-correlated diversification; our ability to comply with new regulatory requirements and manage international operations; and risks associated with the geographic expansion of our employee base, including any inability to maintain an effective Company culture and to attract, hire, and retain key and highly skilled personnel and to motivate them to perform.

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Funding the Inigo acquisition will result in an immediate reduction in our liquidity and Radian Guaranty’s PMIERs cushion and will subject us to certain conditions and compliance obligations associated with the intercompany borrowing agreement between Radian Group and Radian Guaranty, which could adversely affect us and our financial condition.

Radian Group plans to pay a portion of the cash consideration for the Inigo acquisition with proceeds of a 10-year, $600 million intercompany borrowing from Radian Guaranty, which is planned to be entered into on or before the closing of the Inigo transaction. As a condition to receiving the Pennsylvania Insurance Department’s approval for the intercompany borrowing, the Company has agreed to provide certain enhanced reporting to the Pennsylvania Insurance Department while the intercompany borrowing is outstanding and to prepay the borrowing prior to maturity, in whole or in part, if Radian Guaranty needs additional liquidity to meet its policyholder obligations. Additionally, Radian Guaranty will be required to comply with certain conditions while the intercompany borrowing is outstanding, including, most notably, obtaining prior approval from the Pennsylvania Insurance Department for all dividends paid by Radian Guaranty for a period of at least three years and no more than five years, and maintaining a minimum policyholders’ surplus of $500 million. Absent other actions, we expect the intercompany borrowing to reduce Radian Guaranty’s PMIERs cushion by the principal amount of the note.

In addition to the proceeds from the intercompany borrowing, the Company plans to use cash or liquid investments on its balance sheet, and may also use borrowings under its revolving credit facility or obtain other sources of financing or use other available funding, to pay the remaining portion of the cash consideration for the Inigo acquisition, which will reduce the Company’s liquidity and available liquidity post-closing. Further, as discussed above, the conditions in place while the intercompany borrowing is outstanding could reduce or delay the payment of dividends from Radian Guaranty to Radian Group, which could further negatively impact Radian Group’s liquidity and financial flexibility.

Our use of cash and the intercompany borrowing to fund a portion of the purchase price of the Inigo acquisition and the resulting reduction in our liquidity and Radian Guaranty’s PMIERs cushion, may, among other things, limit our flexibility to pursue other business opportunities, increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions, or negatively impact our credit ratings. We also may pursue financing transactions to raise capital, increase our liquidity and strengthen our financial position, which transactions may be unavailable to us on attractive terms or at all.

Risks Related to the Divestiture of our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services Businesses

We face risks associated with our decision to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses and we may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these strategic divestitures.

We face risks associated with our decision to divest our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses including: (i) the ability to complete any or all of the divestiture transactions, on the anticipated timeline or at all, including as a result of risks and uncertainties related to securing necessary regulatory and third-party approvals and consents; (ii) any impact of the decision to divest these businesses on our ability to attract, hire and retain key and highly skilled personnel; (iii) any disruption of current plans and operations caused by the decision to divest these businesses, making it more difficult to conduct business as usual or maintain relationships with current or future service providers, customers, employees, vendors and financing sources; (iv) exposure to unanticipated liabilities (including, among other things, those arising from representations and warranties made to a buyer regarding the businesses) or ongoing obligations to support the businesses following such divestitures; and (v) the terms, timing, structure, benefits and costs of any divestiture transaction for each of the businesses.

For these and other reasons there can be no assurance that we will be able to sell our Mortgage Conduit, Title and Real Estate Services businesses at a price and on terms that are acceptable to us, or at all. In addition, if the sale of any or all of these businesses cannot be completed, there can be no assurance that we will achieve an alternative exit strategy within the anticipated timeline, or at all. If we fail to complete the strategic divestitures, it could cause the potential diversion of management’s attention and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

During the three months ended September 30, 2025, no equity securities of Radian Group were sold that were not registered under the Securities Act.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information about purchases of Radian Group common stock by us (and our affiliated purchasers) during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

Share repurchase program |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
($ in thousands, except per-share amounts) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (2) |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (2) |
Period |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
7/1/2025 to 7/31/2025 |  |  | 1,398 |  |  | $ | 33.84 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 112,763 |
8/1/2025 to 8/31/2025 |  |  | 1,231 |  |  |  | 34.52 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 862,763 |
9/1/2025 to 9/30/2025 |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  | 36.40 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 862,763 |
Total |  |  | 3,749 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |

(1)
Includes 3,749 shares tendered by employees as payment of taxes withheld on the vesting of certain restricted stock awards granted under the Company’s equity compensation plans.
(2)
As of September 30, 2025, Radian had two outstanding share repurchase authorizations in effect. In January 2023, Radian Group’s board of directors authorized the Company to spend up to $300 million, excluding commissions, to repurchase Radian Group common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, based on market and business conditions, stock price and other factors. In May 2024, Radian Group’s board of directors approved an extension of the duration of this authorization to June 2026, as well as an increase of $600 million in the authorization, bringing the total authorization to repurchase shares up to $900 million, excluding commissions. In May 2025, Radian Group’s board of directors authorized the Company to spend up to an additional $750 million, excluding commissions, to repurchase Radian Group common stock in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions, based on market and business conditions, stock price and other factors. Under this May 2025 authorization, the full amount remained available as of September 30, 2025. Use of this authorization will commence once the first authorization is exhausted or expires, whichever occurs earlier, and is scheduled to expire in December 2027.

Limitations on Payment of Dividends

Radian Group is not subject to any legal or contractual limitations on its ability to pay dividends except as described below. The Company is subject to dividend limitations generally applicable to corporations that are incorporated in Delaware. In addition, pursuant to Radian Group’s revolving credit facility and the Parent Guarantees, Radian Group is permitted to pay dividends so long as no event of default exists and the Company is in pro forma compliance with the applicable financial covenants in the agreements on the date a dividend is declared. See Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional details.

Item 5. Other Information

N one of the directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or any non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K) during the three months ended September 30, 2025.

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Ite m 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number |  | Exhibit
2.1^ |  | Share Purchase Deed, dated September 18, 2025, by and among Radian US Holdings Inc., Radian Group, Inc., the A Share Sellers, the B Share Management Sellers and the Zedra Trust Company (Guernsey) Limited (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8- K (file no. 1-11356) dated September 18, 2025, and filed on September 18, 2025)
2.2^ |  | Warranty Deed, dated September 18, 2025, by and among Radian US Holdings Inc. and the Management Warrantors (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8- K (file no. 1-11356) dated September 18, 2025, and filed on September 18, 2025)
3.1 |  | Fourth Amended and Restated By-laws of Radian Group, Inc., effective September 17, 2025 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8- K (file no. 1-11356) dated September 18, 2025, and filed on September 18, 2025)
10.1 |  | Amendment No. 3 to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of August 28, 2025, entered into by and among JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent on behalf of one or more buyers from time to time and as assignee of Flagstar Bank, N.A., Radian Mortgage Capital LLC, as seller and Radian Group Inc., as guarantor (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8- K (file no. 1-11356) dated August 28, 2025, and filed on September 3, 2025)
10.2* |  | Amendment number 4 to Master Repurchase Agreement and Securities Contract, dated as of July 17, 2025, by and between Radian Mortgage Capital LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Bank of Montreal, a Canadian chartered bank acting through its Chicago branch
10.3* |  | Amendment number 5 to Master Repurchase Agreement and Securities Contract, dated as of September 24, 2025, by and between Radian Mortgage Capital LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and Bank of Montreal, a Canadian chartered bank acting through its Chicago branch
10.4* |  | Amendment No. 6 to Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of August 27, 2025, to that certain Master Repurchase Agreement, dated as of July 15, 2022, by and among Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Radian Liberty Funding LLC and Radian Mortgage Capital LLC
10.5*+ |  | Radian Group Inc. Severance Plan, as amended
31* |  | Rule 13a - 14(a) Certifications
32** |  | Section 1350 Certifications
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.INS)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

^ Certain schedules and exhibits have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K. The Company agrees to furnish supplementally copies of any of the omitted schedules or exhibits to the Securities and Exchange Commission upon request.

+ Management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement

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Signat ures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Radian Group Inc.
Date: | November 6, 2025 | /s/ S UMITA P ANDIT
|  | Sumita Pandit
|  | President and Chief Financial Officer
Date: | November 6, 2025 | /s/ R OBERT J. Q UIGLEY
|  | Robert J. Quigley
|  | Executive Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

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