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Derivative Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Derivative Financial Instruments [Abstract]  
Derivative Financial Instruments

3. Derivative Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC Topic 815”) requires companies to recognize all of its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risks managed by using derivative instruments are foreign currency exchange rate risk and interest rate risk. Forward contracts against various foreign currencies are entered into to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk on forecasted revenue and expenses denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit (cash flow hedge). Other forward exchange contracts against various foreign currencies are entered into to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain firm commitments denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit (fair value hedge). In addition, the Company will enter into non-designated forward contracts against various foreign currencies to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk on recognized nonfunctional currency monetary accounts (non-designated hedge). Interest rate swaps are entered into to manage interest rate risk associated with the Company’s fixed and floating-rate borrowings.

The Company records all derivative financial instruments at their fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. Except for certain non-designated hedges discussed below, all derivative financial instruments that the Company holds are designated as either cash flow or fair value hedges and are highly effective in offsetting movements in the underlying risks. Such arrangements typically have terms between two and 24 months, but may have longer terms depending on the underlying cash flows being hedged, typically related to the projects in our backlog. The Company may also use interest rate contracts to mitigate its exposure to changes in interest rates on anticipated long-term debt issuances.

At December 31, 2011, the Company has determined that its derivative financial instruments representing assets of $26 million and liabilities of $96 million (primarily currency related derivatives) are level 2 in the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is based on publicly available foreign exchange and interest rates at each financial reporting date. At December 31, 2011, the net fair value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts totaled a net liability of $70 million.

At December 31, 2011, the Company did not have any interest rate swaps and its financial instruments do not contain any credit-risk-related or other contingent features that could cause accelerated payments when the Company’s financial instruments are in net liability positions. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

To protect against the volatility of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from forecasted sales and expenses, the Company has instituted a cash flow hedging program. The Company hedges portions of its forecasted revenues and expenses denominated in nonfunctional currencies with forward contracts. When the U.S. dollar strengthens against the foreign currencies, the decrease in present value of future foreign currency revenue and costs is offset by gains in the fair value of the forward contracts designated as hedges. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by losses in the fair value of the forward contracts.

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is subject to a particular currency risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of Other Comprehensive Income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings (e.g., in “revenues” when the hedged transactions are cash flows associated with forecasted revenues). The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any (i.e. the ineffective portion), or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the current period.

 

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had the following outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that were entered into to hedge nonfunctional currency cash flows from forecasted revenues and costs (in millions):

 

 

                         
    Currency  Denomination
December 31,		  

Foreign Currency

   2011     2010  

Norwegian Krone

   NOK     6,639     NOK     4,983  

Euro

   €     456     €     122  

U.S. Dollar

   $     402     $     247  

Danish Krone

   DKK     98     DKK     31  

Singapore Dollar

   SGD     10     SGD     —    

British Pound Sterling

   £     2     £     4  

Fair Value Hedging Strategy

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a fair value hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to changes in the fair value of an asset or a liability or an identified portion thereof that is subject to a particular risk), the gain or loss on the derivative instrument as well as the offsetting loss or gain on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk are recognized in the same line item associated with the hedged item in current earnings (e.g., in “revenue” when the hedged item is a contracted sale).

The Company enters into forward exchange contracts to hedge certain firm commitments of revenue and costs that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit. The purpose of the Company’s foreign currency hedging activities is to protect the Company from risk that the eventual U.S. dollar-equivalent cash flows from the sale of products to customers will be adversely affected by changes in the exchange rates.

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had the following outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that were entered into to hedge nonfunctional currency fair values of firm commitments of revenues and costs (in millions):

 

 

                 
    Currency Denomination  
    December 31,  

Foreign Currency

   2011     2010  

U.S. Dollar

   $ —     $ 1  

Non-designated Hedging Strategy

For derivative instruments that are non-designated, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is recognized in the same line item associated with the hedged item in current earnings.

The Company enters into forward exchange contracts to hedge certain nonfunctional currency monetary accounts. The purpose of the Company’s foreign currency hedging activities is to protect the Company from risk that the eventual U.S. dollar-equivalent cash flows from the nonfunctional currency monetary accounts will be adversely affected by changes in the exchange rates.

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had the following outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that hedge the fair value of nonfunctional currency monetary accounts (in millions):

 

 

                         
     Currency Denomination
December 31,		  

Foreign Currency

   2011     2010  

Norwegian Krone

   NOK     2,310     NOK     1,442  

Russian Ruble

   RUB     786     RUB     780  

U.S. Dollar

   $     483     $     328  

Euro

   €     161     €     97  

Danish Krone

   DKK     67     DKK     115  

British Pound Sterling

   £     9     £     8  

Singapore Dollar

   SGD     5     SGD     —    

Swedish Krone

   SEK     4     SEK     —    

 

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company has the following respective fair values of its derivative instruments and their balance sheet classifications (in millions):

 

 

    $0000.00     $0000.00       $0000.00     $0000.00     $0000.00       $0000.00  
    Asset Derivatives     Liability Derivatives  
        Fair Value         Fair Value  
    Balance Sheet   December 31,     Balance Sheet   December 31,  
    Location   2011     2010     Location   2011     2010  

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

                                        

Foreign exchange contracts

   Prepaid and other current assets   $ 16     $ 28     Accrued liabilities   $ 62     $ 12  

Foreign exchange contracts

   Other Assets     1       12     Other Liabilities     13       1  
       

 

 

    

 

 

        

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

       $ 17     $ 40         $ 75     $ 13  
       

 

 

    

 

 

        

 

 

    

 

 

  

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

                                        

Foreign exchange contracts

   Prepaid and other current assets   $ 9     $ 7     Accrued liabilities   $ 21     $ 10  
       

 

 

    

 

 

        

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

       $ 9     $ 7         $ 21     $ 10  
       

 

 

    

 

 

        

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total derivatives

       $ 26     $ 47         $ 96     $ 23  
       

 

 

    

 

 

        

 

 

    

 

 

  

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statement of Income

($ in millions)

 

 

                                                                 

Derivatives in
ASC Topic
815

Cash Flow
Hedging

Relationships

   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in OCI on
Derivative (Effective
Portion) (a)		     Location of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
Income
(Effective Portion)		   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
Income (Effective
Portion)		     Location of Gain
(Loss) Recognized in
Income  on
Derivative (Ineffective
Portion and Amount
Excluded from
Effectiveness
Testing)		   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivative (Ineffective
Portion and Amount
Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing) (b)		  
         
         
         
         
         
         
         
    Years Ended
December 31,		             Years Ended
December 31,		             Years Ended
December 31,		  
    2011     2010             2011     2010             2011     2010  
                    Revenue     8       10                      

Foreign exchange contracts

     (43 )      (25 )    Cost of revenue     40       (22 )    Other income (expense), net     17       9  
   

 

 

    

 

 

            

 

 

    

 

 

            

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total

     (43 )      (25 )              48       (12 )              17       9  
   

 

 

    

 

 

            

 

 

    

 

 

            

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

                                                                 

Derivatives
in ASC Topic
815
Fair Value

Hedging Relationships

   Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivative		   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Derivative		     ASC Topic 815
Fair Value Hedge
Relationships		   Location of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income on
Related Hedged Item		   Recognized in Income on
Related Hedged
Items		  
         
         
         
         
         
         
              Years Ended
December 31,		                   Years Ended
December 31,		  
              2011     2010                       2011     2010  

Foreign exchange contracts

     Revenue           —         (2 )    Firm commitments     Revenue           —         2  
               

 

 

    

 

 

                        

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total

                 —         (2 )                          —         2  
               

 

 

    

 

 

                        

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

                         
     

Derivatives Not Designated as

Hedging Instruments under ASC Topic 815

  

Location of Gain (Loss)

Recognized in Income

on Derivative

  

Amount of Gain (Loss)

Recognized in Income on

Derivative

  
   
   
            Years Ended
December 31,		  
            2011     2010  

Foreign exchange contracts

   Other income (expense), net     (39 )      8  
           

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total

             (39 )      8  
           

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

(a) The Company expects that $43 million of the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months with an offset by gains from the underlying transactions resulting in no impact to earnings or cash flow.
(b) The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents $17 million and $9 million related to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationships for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and $18 million and $12 million related to the amount excluded from the assessment of the hedge effectiveness for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.