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Derivative Financial Instruments
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Derivative Financial Instruments

3. Derivative Financial Instruments

ASC Topic 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC Topic 815”) requires a company to recognize all of its derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value (i.e., gains or losses) of a derivative instrument depends on whether it has been designated and qualifies as part of a hedging relationship and further, on the type of hedging relationship. For those derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as hedging instruments, a company must designate the hedging instrument, based upon the exposure being hedged, as a fair value hedge, cash flow hedge, or a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.

The Company is exposed to certain risks relating to its ongoing business operations. The primary risk managed by using derivative instruments is foreign currency exchange rate risk. Forward contracts against various foreign currencies are entered into to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk on forecasted revenues and expenses denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit (cash flow hedge). Other forward exchange contracts against various foreign currencies are entered into to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk associated with certain firm commitments denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the operating unit (fair value hedge). In addition, the Company will enter into non-designated forward contracts against various foreign currencies to manage the foreign currency exchange rate risk on recognized nonfunctional currency monetary accounts (non-designated hedge).

The Company records all derivative financial instruments at their fair value in its Consolidated Balance Sheet. Except for certain non-designated hedges discussed below, all derivative financial instruments that the Company holds are designated as cash flow hedges and are highly effective in offsetting movements in the underlying risks. Such arrangements typically have terms between 2 and 24 months, but may have longer terms depending on the underlying cash flows being hedged, typically related to the projects in our backlog. The Company may also use interest rate contracts to mitigate its exposure to changes in interest rates on anticipated long-term debt issuances.

At December 31, 2012, the Company has determined that the fair value of its derivative financial instruments representing assets of $105 million and liabilities of $19 million (primarily currency related derivatives) are determined using level 2 inputs (inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that are observable either directly or indirectly for substantially the full term of the asset or liability) in the fair value hierarchy as the fair value is based on publicly available foreign exchange and interest rates at each financial reporting date. At December 31, 2012, the net fair value of the Company’s foreign currency forward contracts totaled a net asset of $86 million.

At December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any interest rate swaps and its financial instruments do not contain any credit-risk-related or other contingent features that could cause accelerated payments when the Company’s financial instruments are in net liability positions. We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes.

Cash Flow Hedging Strategy

To protect against the volatility of forecasted foreign currency cash flows resulting from forecasted revenues and expenses, the Company has instituted a cash flow hedging program. The Company hedges portions of its forecasted revenues and expenses denominated in nonfunctional currencies with forward contracts. When the U.S. dollar strengthens against the foreign currencies, the decrease in present value of future foreign currency revenues and expenses is offset by gains in the fair value of the forward contracts designated as hedges. Conversely, when the U.S. dollar weakens, the increase in the present value of future foreign currency cash flows is offset by losses in the fair value of the forward contracts.

 

For derivative instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge (i.e., hedging the exposure to variability in expected future cash flows that is subject to a particular currency risk), the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative instrument is reported as a component of Other Comprehensive Income and reclassified into earnings in the same line item associated with the forecasted transaction and in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings (e.g., in “revenues” when the hedged transactions are cash flows associated with forecasted revenues). The remaining gain or loss on the derivative instrument in excess of the cumulative change in the present value of future cash flows of the hedged item, if any (i.e., the ineffective portion), or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness, is recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income during the current period.

At December 31, 2012 and 2011, the Company had the following outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that were entered into to hedge nonfunctional currency cash flows from forecasted revenues and expenses (in millions):

 

     Currency Denomination  

Foreign Currency

    December 31,
2012		      December 31,
2011		  

Norwegian Krone

    NOK      6,281       NOK      6,639   

U.S. Dollar

    $      331       $      402   

Euro

    €      389       €      456   

Mexican Peso

    MXN      —         MXN      —     

Danish Krone

    DKK      134       DKK      98   

Singapore Dollar

    SGD      14       SGD      10   

British Pound Sterling

    £      6       £      2   

Non-designated Hedging Strategy

The Company enters into forward exchange contracts to hedge certain nonfunctional currency monetary accounts. The purpose of the Company’s foreign currency hedging activities is to protect the Company from risk that the eventual U.S. dollar equivalent cash flows from the nonfunctional currency monetary accounts will be adversely affected by changes in the exchange rates.

For derivative instruments that are non-designated, the gain or loss on the derivative instrument subject to the hedged risk (i.e., nonfunctional currency monetary accounts) is recognized in other income (expense), net in current earnings.

The Company had the following outstanding foreign currency forward contracts that hedge the fair value of nonfunctional currency monetary accounts (in millions):

 

     Currency Denomination  

Foreign Currency

    December 31,
2012		      December 31,
2011		  

Norwegian Krone

    NOK      1,684       NOK      2,310   

Russian Ruble

    RUB      1,467       RUB      786   

U.S. Dollar

    $      967       $      483   

Euro

    €      225       €      161   

Danish Krone

    DKK      177       DKK      67   

Brazilian Real

    BRL      135       BRL      —     

Singapore Dollar

    SGD      24       SGD      5   

British Pound Sterling

    £      9       £      9   

Canadian Dollar

    CAD      2       CAD      —     

Swedish Krone

    SEK      5       SEK      4   

 

The Company has the following fair values of its derivative instruments and their balance sheet classifications (in millions):

 

     Asset Derivatives      Liability Derivatives  
          Fair Value           Fair Value  
     Balance Sheet    December 31,      Balance Sheet    December 31,  
     Location    2012      2011      Location    2012      2011  

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

                  

Foreign exchange contracts

    Prepaid and other current assets    $ 57       $ 16       Accrued liabilities    $ 5       $ 62   

Foreign exchange contracts

    Other Assets      24         1       Other Liabilities      1         13   
     

 

 

     

 

 

        

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total derivatives designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

       $ 81       $ 17          $ 6       $ 75   
     

 

 

     

 

 

        

 

 

     

 

 

  

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

                  

Foreign exchange contracts

    Prepaid and other current assets    $ 24       $ 9       Accrued liabilities    $ 13       $ 21   
     

 

 

     

 

 

        

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments under ASC Topic 815

       $ 24       $ 9          $ 13       $ 21   
     

 

 

     

 

 

        

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total derivatives

       $ 105       $ 26          $ 19       $ 96   
     

 

 

     

 

 

        

 

 

     

 

 

  

The Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Income

($ in millions)

 

Derivatives Designated as
Hedging Instruments under
ASC Topic 815

   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in OCI on
Derivatives (Effective
Portion) (a)		    

Location of Gain (Loss)

Reclassified from

Accumulated OCI into

Income

(Effective Portion)

   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Reclassified from
Accumulated OCI into
Income (Effective
Portion)		    

Location of Gain (Loss)

Recognized in Income on

Derivatives (Ineffective
Portion and Amount
Excluded from
Effectiveness Testing)

   Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives
(Ineffective Portion
and Amount Excluded
from Effectiveness
Testing) (b)		  
    Years Ended
December 31,		         Years Ended
December 31,		         Years Ended
December 31,		  
    2012     2011         2012     2011         2012     2011  
      Revenue     6        11         

Foreign exchange contracts

     105        6      Cost of revenue     26        38      Other income (expense), net     8        11   
 

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

  

Total

     105        6          32        49          8        11   
 

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

      

 

 

    

 

 

  

 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
under ASC Topic 815

   

Location of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on
Derivatives

    Amount of Gain (Loss)
Recognized in Income
on Derivatives		  
          Years Ended
December 31,		  
          2012      2011  

Foreign exchange contracts

    Other income (expense), net      19         —     
     

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total

         19         —     
     

 

 

     

 

 

  

 

(a) The Company expects that $(35) million of the Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) will be reclassified into earnings within the next twelve months with an offset by gains from the underlying transactions resulting in no impact to earnings or cash flow.
(b) The amount of gain (loss) recognized in income represents nil and $17 million related to the ineffective portion of the hedging relationships for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and $8 million and $18 million related to the amount excluded from the assessment of the hedge effectiveness for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.