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Business Segments and Geographic Areas - Long-Lived Assets by Country Based on the Location (Detail) (USD $)
In Millions, unless otherwise specified
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 3,362us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet $ 3,408us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
United States [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 1,818us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_US
1,830us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_US
Brazil [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 290us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_BR
270us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_BR
United Kingdom [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 196us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_GB
200us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_GB
Denmark [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 144us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_DK
166us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_DK
South Korea [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 113us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= currency_KRW
115us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= currency_KRW
Mexico [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 110us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_MX
101us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_MX
Canada [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 99us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_CA
123us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_CA
Singapore [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net 87us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_SG
94us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= country_SG
Other Countries [Member]    
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]    
Property, plant and equipment, net $ 505us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= nov_OtherCountriesMember
$ 509us-gaap_PropertyPlantAndEquipmentNet
/ us-gaap_StatementGeographicalAxis
= nov_OtherCountriesMember