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Stock-Based Compensation - Additional Information (Detail)
$ / shares in Units, $ in Millions
3 Months Ended
Feb. 27, 2019
Installment
$ / shares
shares
Mar. 31, 2019
USD ($)
shares
Mar. 31, 2018
USD ($)
May 11, 2018
shares
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Authorized shares under stock based compensation   69,400,000    
Stock option granted 1,493,576      
Stock options granted fair value | $ / shares $ 9.06      
Stock options exercise price | $ / shares $ 28.72      
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Shares granted 2,895,086      
Restricted stock granted fair value | $ / shares $ 28.72      
Number of equal annual vesting installments | Installment 3      
Vesting term   The restricted stock and restricted stock units vest in three equal annual installments commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date.    
Performance-base restricted stock [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Description of performance goal   The restricted stock and restricted stock units vest in three equal annual installments commencing on the first anniversary of the grant date.    
Performance period   3 years    
Stock Options [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Vesting period 3 years      
TSR Award [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Description of performance goal   The performance share awards can be earned based on performance against two established goals over a three-year performance period. The performance share awards are divided into two independent parts that are subject to two separate performance metrics: 85% with a TSR (total shareholder return) goal and 15% with an internal NVA (return on capital metric) goal. Performance against the TSR goal is determined by comparing the performance of the Company’s TSR with the TSR performance of the members of the OSX index for the three-year performance period. The NVA goal is based on the Company’s improvement in NVA (National Oilwell Varco Value Added) from the beginning of the performance period until the end of the performance period. NVA shall be calculated as an amount equal to the Company’s (a) gross cash earnings less (b) average gross operating assets times an amount equal to a required return on assets.    
TSR [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Percentage of performance shares awarded   85.00%    
NVA [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Percentage of performance shares awarded   15.00%    
Minimum [Member] | Senior Management Employees [Member] | Performance-base restricted stock [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Shares granted 0      
Maximum [Member] | Senior Management Employees [Member] | Performance-base restricted stock [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Shares granted 665,740      
2018 Plan [Member]        
Share-based Compensation Arrangement by Share-based Payment Award [Line Items]        
Authorized shares under stock based compensation       17,800,000
Remaining shares available for future grants under the Plan   8,212,512    
Stock-based compensation expense | $   $ 33 $ 27  
Income tax benefit recognized | $   $ 4 $ 2