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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

9.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 was 35.1% and 8.7%, respectively, compared to 6.5% and 6.6% for the same periods in 2019. The company’s 2019 and 2020 effective tax rates are negatively impacted by incremental valuation allowances primarily on net operating loss and tax attributes available in those years and the impairment of nondeductible goodwill.  Furthermore, the Company revised its estimated income tax benefit related to the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) that was enacted on March 27, 2020 allowing net operating losses originating in 2018, 2019 or 2020 to be carried back five years. The Company recorded an income tax benefit of $123 million in the three months ended March 31, 2020 in anticipation of filing a refund claim to carryback its 2019 United States net operating loss to its 2014 tax year.  The Company refined its estimated income tax benefit during the three months ended June 30, 2020, resulting in a reduction to the income tax benefit from $123 million to $100 million.  The Company received a cash refund of $94 million in June 2020 and anticipates receiving an additional refund upon the filing of the final 2019 United States income tax return and final net operating loss carryback claim to 2014.  The Company will complete these computations during the three months ended September 30, 2020.  In addition, the effective tax rate in the three months and six months ended June 30, 2020 was favorably impacted by an income tax benefit of $90 million related to the Company’s decision to amend its 2016 United States income tax return in order to deduct foreign taxes paid rather than to claim foreign tax credits which would carryforward and be expected to expire unused in 2026.  The resulting net operating loss in 2016 will be carried back to the Company’s 2014 tax return and will result in a net income tax refund of $90 million.  The income tax receivable of $90 million is recorded in Other Assets on the balance sheet as the Company believes the refund will not be received within twelve months.