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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Change in Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets and Funded Status of Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The change in benefit obligation, plan assets and the funded status of the defined benefit pension plans in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Germany and the Netherlands and defined postretirement plans in the United States, using a measurement date of December 31, 2022 and 2021, is as follows (in millions):


		Pension benefits								Postretirement benefits
At year end		2022				2021				2022				2021
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		$	594			$	641			$	34			$	43
Service cost			1				1				1				—
Interest cost			9				11				1				1
Actuarial loss (gain)			(135	)			(5	)			(5	)			4
Benefits paid			(62	)			(29	)			(8	)			(14	)
Exchange rate loss (gain)			(25	)			(12	)			—				—
Plan amendments			—				—				27				—
Settlements			—				(13	)			—				—
Benefit obligation at end of year		$	382			$	594			$	50			$	34

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		$	571			$	584			$	—			$	—
Actual return			(105	)			32				—				—
Benefits paid			(62	)			(29	)			(8	)			(15	)
Company contributions			3				4				8				15
Exchange rate gain (loss)			(26	)			(7	)			—				—
Settlements			—				(13	)			—				—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		$	381			$	571			$	—			$	—
Funded status		$	(1	)		$	(23	)		$	(50	)		$	(34	)

Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year		$	381			$	592

Assumption Rates Used for Benefit Obligations

The assumption rates used for benefit obligations are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
		2022		2021
Discount rate:
United States plan		4.74% - 5.20%		1.80% - 2.20%
International plans		3.30% - 4.80%		1.00% - 1.90%
Salary increase:
United States plan		N/A		N/A
International plans		2.50% - 3.75%		2.50% - 3.40%

Assumption Rates Used for Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The assumption rates used for net periodic benefit costs are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
		2022		2021		2020
Discount rate:
United States plan		1.80% - 2.20%		1.20% - 2.40%		2.50% - 3.20%
International plans		1.00% - 1.90%		0.70% - 1.80%		0.00% - 2.30%
Salary increase:
United States plan		N/A		N/A		N/A
International plans		2.50% - 3.40%		1.75% - 2.90%		1.80% - 3.10%
Expected return on assets:
United States plan		1.84%		3.90%		4.80%
International plans		1.00% - 4.00%		0.80% - 3.40%		0.00% - 4.50%

Plan's Assets Carried at Fair Value

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plan’s assets carried at fair value (in millions):


		Fair Value Measurements
		Total				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
December 31, 2021:
Equity securities		$	8			$	—			$	8			$	—
Bonds			372				—				372				—
Other (insurance contracts)			191				—				132				59
Total Fair Value Measurements		$	571			$	—			$	512			$	59
December 31, 2022:
Equity securities		$	4			$	—			$	4			$	—
Bonds			79				—				79				—
Other (insurance contracts)			298				—				260				38
Total Fair Value Measurements		$	381			$	—			$	343			$	38

Summary of Changes in Fair Value of Plan's Level Three Assets

The following table sets forth a summary of changes in the fair value of the plan’s Level 3 assets (in millions):


		Level 3 Plan Assets
Balance at December 31, 2020		$	66
Actual return on plan assets still held at reporting date			(2	)
Purchases, sales and settlements			(1	)
Currency translation adjustments			(4	)
Balance at December 31, 2021		$	59
Actual return on plan assets still held at reporting date			(16	)
Purchases, sales and settlements			(1	)
Currency translation adjustments			(4	)
Balance at December 31, 2022		$	38