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Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Change in Benefit Obligation, Plan Assets and Funded Status of Defined Benefit Pension Plans

The change in benefit obligation, plan assets and the funded status of the defined benefit pension plans in the United States, United Kingdom, Norway, Germany and the Netherlands and defined postretirement plans in the United States, using a measurement date of December 31, 2023 and 2022, is as follows (in millions):


		Pension benefits								Postretirement benefits
At year end		2023				2022				2023				2022
Benefit obligation at beginning of year		$	382			$	594			$	50			$	34
Service cost			—				1				2				1
Interest cost			10				9				2				1
Actuarial loss (gain)			6				(135	)			(3	)			(5	)
Benefits paid			(16	)			(62	)			(6	)			(8	)
Exchange rate loss (gain)			8				(25	)			—				—
Plan amendments			—				—				—				27
Settlements			(184	)			—				—				—
Special Termination Benefits			—				—				3				—
Benefit obligation at end of year		$	206			$	382			$	48			$	50

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year		$	381			$	571			$	—			$	—
Actual return			2				(105	)			—				—
Benefits paid			(16	)			(62	)			(6	)			(8	)
Company contributions			(11	)			3				6				8
Exchange rate gain (loss)			8				(26	)			—				—
Settlements			(184	)			—				—				—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year		$	180			$	381			$	—			$	—
Funded status		$	(26	)		$	(1	)		$	(48	)		$	(50	)

Accumulated benefit obligation at end of year		$	205			$	381

Assumption Rates Used for Benefit Obligations

The assumption rates used for benefit obligations are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
		2023		2022
Discount rate:
United States plan		5.50% - 5.60%		4.74% - 5.20%
International plans		3.20% - 4.50%		3.30% - 4.80%

Salary increase:
United States plan		N/A		N/A
International plans		2.50% - 3.75%		2.50% - 3.75%

Assumption Rates Used for Net Periodic Benefit Costs

The assumption rates used for net periodic benefit costs are as follows:


		Year Ended December 31,
		2023		2022		2021
Discount rate:
United States plan		4.74% - 5.20%		1.80% - 2.20%		1.20% - 2.40%
International plans		3.30% - 4.80%		1.00% - 1.90%		0.70% - 1.80%
Salary increase:
United States plan		N/A		N/A		N/A
International plans		2.50% - 3.75%		2.50% - 3.40%		1.75% - 2.90%
Expected return on assets:
United States plan		4.74%		1.84%		3.90%
International plans		3.20% - 4.90%		1.00% - 4.00%		0.80% - 3.40%

Plan's Assets Carried at Fair Value

The following table sets forth by level, within the fair value hierarchy, the plan’s assets carried at fair value (in millions):


		Fair Value Measurements
		Total				Level 1				Level 2				Level 3
December 31, 2022:
Equity securities		$	4			$	—			$	4			$	—
Bonds			79				—				79				—
Other (insurance contracts)			298				—				236				62
Total Fair Value Measurements		$	381			$	—			$	319			$	62
December 31, 2023:
Equity securities		$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—
Bonds			84				—				84				—
Other (insurance contracts)			96				—				31				65
Total Fair Value Measurements		$	180			$	—			$	115			$	65