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Loans and borrowings | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2024
Borrowings [abstract] |
Loans and borrowings | 18. Loans and borrowings
| 2024
| Due through |  | Effective rates ranged |  | Carrying Amount
Long term fixed rate debt | 2034 |  | 1.74% to 4.91% |  | 1,077,395 |
Long term variable rate debt | 2034 |  | 5.71% to 6.05% |  | 593,412 |
|  |  |  |  | 1,670,807 |
Current maturities |  |  |  |  | (254,854) |
Loans and borrowings long-term |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,415,953 |
| 2023
| Due through |  | Effective rates ranged |  | Carrying Amount
Long term fixed rate debt | 2034 |  | 1.73% to 3.99% |  | 1,039,821 |
Long term variable rate debt | 2033 |  | 6.53% to 6.86% |  | 422,870 |
|  |  |  |  | 1,462,691 |
Current maturities |  |  |  |  | (222,430) |
Loans and borrowings long-term |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,240,261 |
Maturities of the loans and borrowings for the next five years are as follows:
2025 | 254,854 |
2026 | 138,569 |
2027 | 148,467 |
2028 | 233,952 |
2029 | 198,164 |
Thereafter | 696,801 |
| $ | 1,670,807 |
Long term debt As of December 31, 2024, long-term fixed rate debt included $700.7 million (2023: $623.2 million) and long-term variable debt included $593.4 million corresponding to aircraft acquisitions using JOLCO arrangements (2023: $422.9 million). As of December 31, 2024 the Company had $376.7 million (2023: $416.6 million) on long-term fixed rate debt of outstanding indebtedness that is owed to financial institutions under financing arrangements guaranteed by the Export-Import Bank of the United States. The Export-Import Bank guarantees support 80%—85% of the net purchase price of the aircraft and are secured with a first priority mortgage on the aircraft in favor of a security trustee on behalf of Export-Import Bank. The Company’s Export-Import Bank supported financings are amortized on a quarterly basis and, are denominated in U.S. dollars. Senior convertible notes In April 2020, the Company issued Senior Convertible Notes (“notes”) in the total principal amount of $350.0 million maturing on April 15, 2025, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). The notes were senior, unsecured obligations of the Company and were accrued interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The notes were redeemable, in whole or in part, for cash at the Company’s option at any time, and from time to time, on or after April 17, 2023 and on or before the 40 days scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, but only if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class A common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for a specified period of time. On July 14, 2023, the Company exercised its option, an announced it would redeem all of its outstanding Notes due 2025 on September 18, 2023 at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest up to, but excluding, the redemption date. The Notes could be converted at any time before 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on September 15, 2023, which was the business day immediately before the redemption date, in accordance with and subject to the terms of the Indenture governing the notes, dated as of April 30, 2020. The Company, determined that the Notes surrendered for conversion would be settled in cash up to the principal amount of the Notes surrendered for conversion and shares of Company’s common stock for the remainder of the conversion obligation, in excess of the principal amount in accordance with the terms of the Indenture. The sending of the notice of redemption was a make-whole fundamental change under the Indenture, and therefore the conversion rate was increased for all conversions of Notes to 20.1603 shares of Company’s common stock per $1,000.0 principal amount of Notes. Since the Company’s initial announcement of the redemption on July 14, 2023, holders of $349.0 million aggregate principal amount of Note converted their notes in accordance with the terms of the Notes. Outstanding Notes in the aggregate principal amount of $1.0 million that had not been converted by holders thereof were redeemed at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of each Note called for redemption, payable in cash, plus accrued and unpaid interest on such Note to, but excluding, September 18, 2023 for such Note. The Notes that were converted were settled for $349.0 million in cash, plus approximately 3.7 million shares, reissued from the Company’s treasury shares (see on note 24). The exercise of the call option, resulted in a remeasured of the amortized cost of the liability component to reflect the new settlement date by recomputing the effective interest rate of the instrument. The Company recognized $87.9 million for this remeasure under “finance cost” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. The component corresponding to the conversion feature of the notes was recorded as an embedded derivative under “Derivative financial instruments” in the consolidated statement of financial position. The fair value of the embedded derivative at initial recognition on April 30, 2020 was $138.4 million The impact of this embedded derivative on the consolidated statement of profit or loss is, as follows:
|  |  | Statement of profit or loss
|  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Derivative financial instrument |  |  |  |  | $— |  | $(98,347) |  | $17,189
The impact in the consolidated statement of profit or loss, for the change in the fair value of the embedded derivative is recognized as “Net change in fair value of derivatives” in the consolidated statement of profit or loss(see note 28.6). The detail of finance cost and income is as follows:
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Finance income - |  |  |  |  |
Interest income on short-term bank deposits | $ | 2,316 |  |  | $ | 1,541 |  |  | $ | 954 |
Interest income on investment | 56,596 |  |  | 48,667 |  |  | 17,076 |
| $ | 58,912 |  |  | $ | 50,208 |  |  | $ | 18,030 |
Finance cost - |  |  |  |  |
Interests expense on bank loans | $ | (54,188) |  |  | $ | (41,917) |  |  | $ | (30,502) |
Interests expense on senior convertible notes | — |  |  | (87,862) |  |  | (42,403) |
Interest on factoring | — |  |  | (3,315) |  |  | (5,393) |
Interest expense on lease liabilities | (13,865) |  |  | (13,279) |  |  | (7,445) |
Unwinding of discount and changes in the discount rate | (16,440) |  |  | (11,843) |  |  | (1,888) |
| $ | (84,493) |  |  | $ | (158,216) |  |  | $ | (87,631) |
Changes in liabilities arising from financing activities:
| 2023 |  | Cash flows |  | Non-cash movements
|  |  | Foreign exchange movement |  | Leases |  | Other |  | 2024
Loans and borrowings | $ | 1,462,691 |  |  | $ | 197,938 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,178 |  |  | $ | 1,670,807 |
Lease liability | 283,657 |  |  | (61,140) |  |  | (330) |  |  | 107,118 |  |  | 392 |  |  | 329,697 |
Total liabilities used in financing activities | $ | 1,746,348 |  |  | $ | 136,798 |  |  | $ | (330) |  |  | $ | 107,118 |  |  | $ | 10,570 |  |  | $ | 2,000,504 |
|  |  |  |  | Non-cash movements
| 2022 |  | Cash flows |  | Foreign exchange movement |  | Leases |  | Other |  | 2023
Loans and borrowings | $ | 1,444,303 |  |  | $ | (73,945) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 92,333 |  |  | $ | 1,462,691 |
Lease liability | 238,373 |  |  | (79,999) |  |  | 448 |  |  | 124,835 |  |  | — |  |  | 283,657 |
Total liabilities used in financing activities | $ | 1,682,676 |  |  | $ | (153,944) |  |  | $ | 448 |  |  | $ | 124,835 |  |  | $ | 92,333 |  |  | $ | 1,746,348 |
The column “Leases” includes the non-cash additions to ROU and lease liabilities. For the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 the column “Other” includes the effect of accrued but not yet paid interest on loans and borrowings. The Company classifies interest paid as cash flows from operating activities.

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