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Expenses by nature (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2017
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Summary of Expenses by Cost of Sales | Breakdown of expenses by nature for the years ended 31 December 2017, 2016 and 2015 is as follows: Cost of revenue:
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Depreciation and amortization (*) |  |  | (2,596,980 | ) |  |  | (2,203,351 | ) |  |  | (1,667,750 | )
Treasury share |  |  | (1,669,807 | ) |  |  | (1,491,503 | ) |  |  | (1,418,683 | )
Interconnection and termination expenses |  |  | (1,607,079 | ) |  |  | (1,420,233 | ) |  |  | (1,326,990 | )
Radio expenses |  |  | (1,123,668 | ) |  |  | (1,057,618 | ) |  |  | (911,454 | )
Employee benefit expenses |  |  | (1,046,544 | ) |  |  | (859,143 | ) |  |  | (734,725 | )
Cost of goods sold |  |  | (870,226 | ) |  |  | (551,656 | ) |  |  | (250,779 | )
Cost of revenue from financial services |  |  | (270,366 | ) |  |  | (68,546 | ) |  |  | — |
Universal service fund |  |  | (221,431 | ) |  |  | (192,045 | ) |  |  | (182,508 | )
Transmission expenses |  |  | (218,221 | ) |  |  | (139,185 | ) |  |  | (113,574 | )
Roaming expenses |  |  | (177,258 | ) |  |  | (128,429 | ) |  |  | (108,102 | )
Billing and archiving expenses |  |  | (55,185 | ) |  |  | (61,647 | ) |  |  | (55,056 | )
Others |  |  | (1,493,409 | ) |  |  | (1,063,251 | ) |  |  | (999,862 | )
|  |  | (11,350,174 | ) |  |  | (9,236,607 | ) |  |  | (7,769,483 | )
| (*) | As at 31 December 2017, depreciation and amortization expenses includes depreciation and amortization expenses related to the financial services amounting to TL 6,343 (31 December 2016: 1.677 TL).
Summary of Expenses by Nature Selling and Marketing Expenses | Selling and marketing expenses:
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Selling expenses |  |  | (898,936 | ) |  |  | (757,869 | ) |  |  | (783,234 | )
Marketing expenses |  |  | (532,989 | ) |  |  | (518,382 | ) |  |  | (428,596 | )
Employee benefit expenses |  |  | (394,421 | ) |  |  | (354,380 | ) |  |  | (381,582 | )
Frequency usage fees related to prepaid subscribers |  |  | (82,994 | ) |  |  | (186,530 | ) |  |  | (191,408 | )
Others |  |  | (96,080 | ) |  |  | (93,786 | ) |  |  | (117,039 | )
|  |  | (2,005,420 | ) |  |  | (1,910,947 | ) |  |  | (1,901,859 | )
Summary of Expenses by Nature Administrative Expenses | Administrative expenses:
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Employee benefit expenses |  |  | (346,151 | ) |  |  | (277,438 | ) |  |  | (240,305 | )
Consultancy expenses |  |  | (50,247 | ) |  |  | (54,315 | ) |  |  | (43,995 | )
Rent expenses |  |  | (36,280 | ) |  |  | (30,314 | ) |  |  | (23,924 | )
Net impairment expense recognized on receivables |  |  | (36,278 | ) |  |  | (211,384 | ) |  |  | (196,588 | )
Travel and entertainment expenses |  |  | (30,957 | ) |  |  | (18,913 | ) |  |  | (13,484 | )
Maintenance and repair expenses |  |  | (24,342 | ) |  |  | (20,315 | ) |  |  | (23,424 | )
Collection expenses |  |  | (20,415 | ) |  |  | (20,827 | ) |  |  | (17,533 | )
Other |  |  | (100,526 | ) |  |  | (88,343 | ) |  |  | (66,026 | )
|  |  | (645,196 | ) |  |  | (721,849 | ) |  |  | (625,279 | )

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