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Loans and borrowings | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Borrowings |
Loans and borrowings | 28. Loans and borrowings ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 31 December | ​ | 31 December
Long-term borrowings |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Unsecured bank loans |  | 15,653,823 |  | 21,493,931
Secured bank loans |  | 2,291,239 |  | 445,938
Lease liabilities |  | 2,181,954 |  | 3,306,433
Debt securities issued |  | 17,006,088 |  | 20,633,735
​ | ​ | 37,133,104 |  | 45,880,037
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 31 December | ​ | 31 December
Short-term borrowings |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Unsecured bank loans |  | 12,870,508 |  | 11,279,424
Secured bank loans |  | 845,629 |  | 396,565
Lease liabilities |  | 873,277 |  | 1,467,021
Debt securities issued |  | 2,131,832 |  | 1,392,244
​ | ​ | 16,721,246 |  | 14,535,254
​ The Company has used loans in accordance with the loan agreement previously signed with ING Bank N.V. and AB Svensk Exportkredit under the Swedish Export Credit Organization (“EKN”) insurance on 18 December 2020. As of 31 December 2022, the Company has used USD 23,750 and USD 25,180 loan on 1 April 2022 and 3 June 2022, respectively, with a fixed interest rate of 1.53%. ​ 28. Loans and borrowings (continued) The Company has used loans in accordance with the loan agreement previously signed with China Development Bank on 7 August 2020. As of 31 December 2022, the Company has used EUR 100,000 and EUR 52,876 loans on 26 April 2022 and 24 June 2022, respectively, with interest rate of 6M Euribor+2.29% for the EUR and RMB 40,000 and RMB 60,000 on 29 September 2022 and 29 November 2022 with interest rate of 5.15%. Within the scope of buy-back decisions on 27 July 2016, 30 January 2017 and 24 March 2020, the Company purchased its debt securities issued with a total nominal value of USD 37,239 as at 31 December 2022. Under CMB approval taken by The Company on 3 November 2022 for issuance of debt securities to TL 1,000,000, the Company has issued debt securities on 23 November 2022 amounting TL 500,000 with the maturity of 17 May 2023. The remained limit is TL 500,000 from TL 1,000,000 specified total limit. Terms and conditions of outstanding loans are as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 31 December 2022 | ​ | 31 December 2021
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Interest | ​ | Payment | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Payment | ​ | Nominal | ​ | Carrying
​ |  | Currency |  | rate type |  | period |  | interest rate |  | amount |  | period |  | interest rate |  | amount
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | EUR |  | Floating |  | 2023-2028 | ​ | Euribor+2.0%-Euribor+2.3% |  | 13,673,783 |  | 2022-2028 | ​ | Euribor+1.9%-Euribor+2.3% |  | 15,093,891
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | TL |  | Fixed |  | 2023 | ​ | 12.4%-38.0% | ​ | 7,782,214 |  | 2022 | ​ | 14.8%-29.0% |  | 5,001,760
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | USD |  | Floating |  | 2023-2026 | ​ | Libor+1.7%-Libor 2.2% |  | 3,982,309 |  | 2022-2028 | ​ | Libor+2.1%-Libor+2.2% |  | 5,977,856
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | RMB |  | Fixed |  | 2023-2028 | ​ | 3.7%-5.5% |  | 1,485,067 |  | 2022-2028 | ​ | 4.9%-5.2% |  | 1,528,356
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | UAH |  | Fixed |  | 2023-2024 | ​ | 10.0%-21.0% |  | 1,429,174 |  | 2022-2024 | ​ | 8.0%-10.9% |  | 2,813,482
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | EUR |  | Fixed |  | — | ​ | — |  | — |  | 2022 | ​ | 1.7% |  | 595,630
Unsecured Bank Loans |  | USD |  | Fixed |  | 2023-2026 | ​ | 2.6% |  | 171,784 |  | 2022-2030 | ​ | 3.8% |  | 1,762,380
Secured bank loans |  | USD |  | Fixed |  | 2023-2032 | ​ | 1.5%-3.8% |  | 2,119,044 |  | 2022-2026 | ​ | 2.6% |  | 250,785
Secured bank loans | ​ | USD | ​ | Floating | ​ | 2023-2028 | ​ | Libor+0.6% - Libor+1.6% | ​ | 652,831 | ​ | 2022-2026 | ​ | Libor+1.6% - Libor+1.9% | ​ | 591,718
Secured bank loans |  | UAH |  | Fixed |  | 2023 | ​ | 16.4%-19.5% |  | 364,993 |  | — | ​ | — |  | —
Debt securities issued |  | USD |  | Fixed |  | 2023-2028 | ​ | 5.8% |  | 18,013,208 |  | 2022-2028 | ​ | 5.8% |  | 21,858,526
Debt securities issued |  | TL |  | Fixed |  | 2023 | ​ | 20.3%-25.5% |  | 1,124,712 |  | 2022 | ​ | 16.3% |  | 167,453
Lease liabilities |  | TL |  | Fixed |  | 2023-2048 | ​ | 9.8%-45.0% |  | 1,207,596 |  | 2022-2048 | ​ | 9.8%-45.0% |  | 2,073,820
Lease liabilities | ​ | UAH | ​ | Fixed | ​ | 2023-2071 | ​ | 7.6%-47.7% | ​ | 1,148,563 | ​ | 2022-2069 | ​ | 7.6%-25.7% | ​ | 1,764,257
Lease liabilities | ​ | EUR | ​ | Fixed | ​ | 2023-2034 | ​ | 1.0%-10.3% | ​ | 309,670 | ​ | 2022-2034 | ​ | 1.0%-10.0% | ​ | 498,172
Lease liabilities | ​ | BYN | ​ | Fixed | ​ | 2023-2037 | ​ | 11.5%-20.0% | ​ | 309,259 | ​ | 2022-2028 | ​ | 11.5%-15.8% | ​ | 304,914
Lease liabilities | ​ | USD | ​ | Fixed | ​ | 2023-2052 | ​ | 3.9%-11.5% | ​ | 80,143 | ​ | 2022-2028 | ​ | 3.9%-10.9% | ​ | 132,291
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 53,854,350 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 60,415,291
​

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