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Financial Instruments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2011
Financial Instruments [Abstract] |
Financial Instruments Disclosure [Text Block] | Financial Instruments. Certain derivative contracts executed by the Private Funds with a single counterparty or by our Automotive segment with a single counterparty or by our Holding Company with a single counterparty are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis where a legal right of offset exists under an enforceable netting agreement. Values for the derivative financial instruments, principally swaps, forwards, over-the-counter options and other conditional and exchange contracts are reported on a net-by-counterparty basis. As a result, the net exposure to counterparties is reported in either other assets or accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Investment Management and Holding Company The Investment Funds currently maintain cash deposits and cash equivalents with major financial institutions. Certain account balances may not be covered by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, while other accounts may exceed federally insured limits. The Investment Funds have prime broker arrangements in place with multiple prime brokers as well as a custodian bank. These financial institutions are members of major securities exchanges. The Investment Funds also have relationships with several financial institutions with which they trade derivative and other financial instruments. In the normal course of business, the Investment Funds and the Holding Company may trade various financial instruments and enter into certain investment activities, which may give rise to off-balance-sheet risk. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company's investments may include options, credit default swaps and securities sold, not yet purchased. These financial instruments represent future commitments to purchase or sell other financial instruments or to exchange an amount of cash based on the change in an underlying instrument at specific terms at specified future dates. Risks arise with these financial instruments from potential counterparty non-performance and from changes in the market values of underlying instruments. Securities sold, not yet purchased, at fair value represent obligations to deliver the specified security, thereby creating a liability to repurchase the security in the market at prevailing prices. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance-sheet risk, as the satisfaction of the obligations may exceed the amount recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. Our investments in securities and amounts due from brokers are partially restricted until we satisfy the obligation to deliver the securities sold, not yet purchased. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company may enter into derivative contracts, including swap contracts, futures contracts and option contracts with the objective of capital appreciation or as economic hedges against other securities or the market as a whole. The Investment Funds may also enter into foreign currency derivative contracts to economically hedge against foreign currency exchange rate risks on all or a portion of their non-U.S. dollar denominated investments. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company have entered into various types of swap contracts with other counterparties. These agreements provide that they are entitled to receive or are obligated to pay in cash an amount equal to the increase or decrease, respectively, in the value of the underlying shares, debt and other instruments that are the subject of the contracts, during the period from inception of the applicable agreement to its expiration. In addition, pursuant to the terms of such agreements, they are entitled to receive other payments, including interest, dividends and other distributions made in respect of the underlying shares, debt and other instruments during the specified time frame. They are also required to pay to the counterparty a floating interest rate equal to the product of the notional amount multiplied by an agreed-upon rate, and they receive interest on any cash collateral that they post to the counterparty at the federal funds or LIBOR rate in effect for such period. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company may trade futures contracts. A futures contract is a firm commitment to buy or sell a specified quantity of a standardized amount of a deliverable grade commodity, security, currency or cash at a specified price and specified future date unless the contract is closed before the delivery date. Payments (or variation margin) are made or received by the Investment Funds and the Holding Company each day, depending on the daily fluctuations in the value of the contract, and the whole value change is recorded as an unrealized gain or loss by the Investment Funds and the Holding Company. When the contract is closed, the Investment Funds and the Holding Company record a realized gain or loss equal to the difference between the value of the contract at the time it was opened and the value at the time it was closed. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company may utilize forward contracts to seek to protect their assets denominated in foreign currencies and precious metals holdings from losses due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates and spot rates. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company's exposure to credit risk associated with non-performance of forward contracts is limited to the unrealized gains or losses inherent in such contracts, which are recognized in unrealized gains or losses on derivative, futures and foreign currency contracts, at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. The Investment Funds may also purchase and write option contracts. As a writer of option contracts, the Investment Funds receive a premium at the outset and then bear the market risk of unfavorable changes in the price of the underlying financial instrument. As a result of writing option contracts, the Investment Funds are obligated to purchase or sell, at the holder's option, the underlying financial instrument. Accordingly, these transactions result in off-balance-sheet risk, as the Investment Funds' satisfaction of the obligations may exceed the amount recognized in our consolidated balance sheets. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the maximum payout amounts relating to certain put options written by the Investment Funds, excluding a certain stock index option strategy which is separately discussed below, were $233 million and $195 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, there were unrealized gains of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively. As of September 30, 2011, the Investment Funds were synthetically short a certain stock index through an option strategy. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, there were unrealized gains of $21 million and unrealized losses of $5 million, respectively, related to this option strategy. During the third quarter of fiscal 2010, the Holding Company purchased and wrote option contracts on a certain stock index futures. At September 30, 2011, the maximum payout was $170 million, assuming the value of certain stock index futures falls below certain limits on our put spreads, and $89 million assuming the value of certain stock index futures increases above certain limits on our call spreads. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Holding Company had $23 million and $22 million, respectively, in liability derivatives related to a certain stock index futures which are not designated as hedging instruments. Certain terms of the Investment Funds' contracts with derivative counterparties, which are standard and customary to such contracts, contain certain triggering events that would give the counterparties the right to terminate the derivative instruments. In such events, the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment on derivative instruments in net liability positions. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position on September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $3 million and $60 million, respectively. At September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Investment Funds had $77 million and $248 million, respectively, posted as collateral for derivative positions, including those derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features; these amounts are included in cash held at consolidated affiliated partnerships and restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheets. U.S. GAAP requires the disclosure of information about obligations under certain guarantee arrangements. Such guarantee arrangements requiring disclosure include contracts that contingently require the guarantor to make payments to the guaranteed party based on another entity's failure to perform under an agreement as well as indirect guarantees of the indebtedness of others. The Investment Funds have entered into certain derivative contracts, in the form of credit default swaps, which meet the accounting definition of a guarantee, whereby the occurrence of a credit event with respect to the issuer of the underlying financial instrument may obligate the Investment Funds to make a payment to the swap counterparties. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the Investment Funds have entered into such credit default swaps with a maximum notional amount of $8 million and $32 million with terms of approximately one year and two years as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. We estimate that our maximum exposure related to these credit default swaps approximates 48.4% and 39.4% of such notional amounts as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. The following table presents the notional amount, fair value, underlying referenced credit obligation type and credit ratings for derivative contracts in which the Investment Funds are assuming risk:
|  | September 30, 2011 |  | December 31, 2010 |  |
Credit Derivative Type Risk Exposure |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Underlying Reference Obligation
|  | (in millions) |  |
Single name credit default swaps: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Below investment grade risk exposure |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | Corporate credit
The following table presents the fair values of the Investment Funds and the Holding Company's derivatives:
|  | Asset Derivatives(1) |  | Liability Derivatives(2)
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | September 30, 2011 |  | December 31, 2010 |  | September 30, 2011 |  | December 31, 2010
|  | (in millions)
Equity contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 2 |
Commodity swap contract |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |
Credit contracts |  | — |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 77 |
Futures index spread |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23 |  |  | 22 |
Sub-total |  | 2 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 103 |
Netting across contract types(3) |  | — |  |  | (19 | ) |  | (12 | ) |  | (19 | )
Total(4) |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 84 |
(1) | Net asset derivatives are located within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
(2) | Net liability derivatives are located within accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
(3) | Represents the netting of receivables balances with payable balances for the same counterparty across contract types pursuant to netting agreements.
(4) | Excludes netting of cash collateral received and posted. The total collateral posted at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 was $77 million and $248 million, respectively, across all counterparties.
The following table presents the effects of the Investment Funds and the Holding Company's derivative instruments on the statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
|  | Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income(1)
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | 2011 |  | 2010 |  | 2011 |  | 2010
|  | (in millions)
Equity contracts |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 4 |
Foreign exchange contracts |  | 11 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (12 | )
Credit contracts |  | — |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 19 |  |  | 43 |
Futures index spread |  | (7 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 16 |  |  | (8 | )
|  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | (26 | ) |  | $ | 70 |  |  | $ | 27 |
(1) | Gains (losses) recognized on derivatives are classified in net gain (loss) from investment activities in our consolidated statements of operations.
At September 30, 2011, the volume of the Investment Funds' and the Holding Company's derivative activities based on their notional exposure, categorized by primary underlying risk, are as follows:
| Long Notional Exposure |  | Short Notional Exposure
Primary underlying risk: | (in millions)
Credit default swaps | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity swaps | — |  |  | (150 | )
Equity swaps | 7 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency forwards | 152 |  |  | — |
Futures index spread | 68 |  |  | (91 | )
Each Investment Fund's assets may be held in one or more accounts maintained for the Investment Fund by its prime broker or at other brokers or custodian banks, which may be located in various jurisdictions. The prime broker and custodian banks are subject to various laws and regulations in the relevant jurisdictions in the event of their insolvency. Accordingly, the practical effect of these laws and their application to the Investment Fund's assets may be subject to substantial variations, limitations and uncertainties. The insolvency of any of the prime brokers, custodian banks or clearing corporations may result in the loss of all or a substantial portion of the Investment Fund's assets or in a significant delay in the Investment Fund's having access to those assets. Credit concentrations may arise from investment activities and may be impacted by changes in economic, industry or political factors. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company routinely execute transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, resulting in credit concentration with respect to this industry. In the ordinary course of business, the Investment Funds and the Holding Company may also be subject to a concentration of credit risk to a particular counterparty. The Investment Funds and the Holding Company seek to mitigate these risks by actively monitoring exposures, collateral requirements and the creditworthiness of our counterparties. Automotive During fiscal 2008, Federal-Mogul entered into a series of five-year interest rate swap agreements with a total notional value of $1,190 million to hedge the variability of interest payments associated with its variable-rate term loans. Through these swap agreements, Federal-Mogul has fixed its base interest and premium rate at a combined average interest rate of approximately 5.37% on the hedged principal amount of $1,190 million. As of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, unrealized net losses of $53 million and $70 million, respectively, were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as a result of these hedges. As of September 30, 2011, losses of $36 million are expected to be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to the consolidated statement of operations within the next 12 months. These interest rate swaps reduce Federal-Mogul's overall interest rate risk. However, due to the remaining outstanding borrowings on Federal-Mogul's debt facilities and other borrowing facilities that continue to have variable interest rates, management believes that interest rate risk to Federal-Mogul could be material if there are significant adverse changes in interest rates. Federal-Mogul's production processes are dependent upon the supply of certain raw materials that are exposed to price fluctuations on the open market. The primary purpose of Federal-Mogul's commodity price forward contract activity is to manage the volatility associated with forecasted purchases. Federal-Mogul monitors its commodity price risk exposures regularly to maximize the overall effectiveness of its commodity forward contracts. Principal raw materials hedged include high-grade aluminum, copper, natural gas, nickel, tin and zinc. Forward contracts are used to mitigate commodity price risk associated with raw materials, generally related to purchases forecast for up to 15 months in the future. Federal-Mogul had commodity price hedge contracts outstanding with combined notional values of $133 million and $50 million at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, of which substantially all mature within one year and substantially all were designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Unrealized net losses of $23 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2011. Unrealized net gains of $12 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2010. Federal-Mogul manufactures and sells its products in North America, South America, Asia, Europe and Africa. As a result, Federal-Mogul's financial results could be significantly affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets in which Federal-Mogul manufactures and sells its products. Federal-Mogul's operating results are primarily exposed to changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and European currencies. Federal-Mogul generally tries to use natural hedges within its foreign currency activities, including the matching of revenues and costs, to minimize foreign currency risk. Where natural hedges are not in place, Federal-Mogul considers managing certain aspects of its foreign currency activities and larger transactions through the use of foreign currency options or forward contracts. Principal currencies hedged have historically included the euro, British pound and Polish zloty. Federal-Mogul had notional values of $38 million and $20 million of foreign currency hedge contracts outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, of which substantially all mature in less than one year and substantially all were designated as hedging instruments for accounting purposes. Unrealized net gains of $3 million were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of September 30, 2011. Immaterial unrealized net losses were recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss as of December 31, 2010. Financial instruments, which potentially subject Federal-Mogul to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of accounts receivable and cash investments. Federal-Mogul's customer base includes virtually every significant global light and commercial vehicle manufacturer and a large number of distributors, installers and retailers of automotive aftermarket parts. Federal-Mogul's credit evaluation process and the geographical dispersion of sales transactions help to mitigate credit risk concentration. No individual customer accounted for more than 5% of Federal-Mogul's direct sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2011. Federal-Mogul requires placement of cash in financial institutions evaluated as highly creditworthy. The following table presents the fair values of Federal-Mogul's derivative instruments:
|  | Asset Derivatives(1) |  | Liability Derivatives(2)
Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments |  | September 30, 2011 |  | December 31, 2010 |  | September 30, 2011 |  | December 31, 2010
|  | (in millions)
Interest rate swap contracts |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 70 |
Commodity contracts |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 1 |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Sub-total |  | 3 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 77 |  |  | 71 |
Netting across contract types |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (1 | )
Total |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 70 |
(1) | Located within other assets in our consolidated balance sheets.
(2) | Located within accrued expenses and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets.
The following tables present the effect of Federal-Mogul's derivative instruments in our consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2011
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Location of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Location of Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | (in millions) |  | (in millions) |  |  |  | (in millions) |  |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | — |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | (21 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | (1 | ) |  | Other income, net
Foreign currency contracts |  | 4 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
|  | $ | (19 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  |
Three Months Ended September 30, 2010
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Amount of Loss Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Location of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Location of Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | (in millions) |  | (in millions) |  |  |  | (in millions) |  |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | $ | (17 | ) |  | $ | (10 | ) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | — |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | 9 |  |  | 2 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | 1 |  |  | Other income, net
Foreign currency contracts |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
|  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | (8 | ) |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Location of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Location of Loss Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | (in millions) |  | (in millions) |  |  |  | (in millions) |  |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | $ | (12 | ) |  | $ | (29 | ) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | — |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | (26 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | (1 | ) |  | Other income, net
Foreign currency contracts |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  |
|  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | (22 | ) |  |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI on Derivatives (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Location of (Loss) Gain Reclassified from AOCI into Income (Effective Portion) |  | Amount of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing) |  | Location of Gain Recognized in Income on Derivatives (Ineffective Portion and Amount Excluded from Effectiveness Testing)
|  | (in millions) |  | (in millions) |  |  |  | (in millions) |  |
Interest rate swap contracts |  | $ | (59 | ) |  | $ | (28 | ) |  | Interest expense |  | $ | — |  |  |
Commodity contracts |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |  |  | Cost of goods sold |  | — |  |  |
|  | $ | (51 | ) |  | $ | (22 | ) |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for financial instruments. This disclosure includes, but is not limited to, fair value measurements of short and long term marketable securities, international currencies forward contracts, and auction rate securities. Financial instruments may include hedging and non-hedging currency exchange instruments, derivatives, securitizations and securities available for sale at fair value. Also included are investment results, realized and unrealized gains and losses as well as impairments and risk management disclosures. + Details
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