Goodwill and Intangible Assets, Net.

Goodwill consists of the following:



	June 30, 2012							December 31, 2011
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Impairment			Net Carrying Value
	(in millions)
Automotive	$	1,331	$	(226	)	$	1,105	$	1,323	$	(226	)	$	1,097
Energy	894		—			894		—		—			—
Railcar	7		—			7		7		—			7
Food Packaging	3		—			3		3		—			3
Metals	14		—			14		20		—			20
	$	2,249	$	(226	)	$	2,023	$	1,353	$	(226	)	$	1,127

Intangible assets, net consists of the following:



		June 30, 2012							December 31, 2011
	Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Value
	(in years)	(in millions)
Definite-lived intangible assets:
Automotive	1 - 22	$	656	$	(246	)	$	410	$	656	$	(222	)	$	434
Energy	20 - 25	358		(3		)	355		—		—			—
Gaming	3 - 42	17		(2		)	15		25		(2		)	23
Food Packaging	6 - 12	23		(15		)	8		23		(14		)	9
Metals	5 - 15	20		(8		)	12		15		(7		)	8
Real Estate	12 - 12.5	121		(38		)	83		121		(34		)	87
		$	1,195	$	(312	)	883		$	840	$	(279	)	561
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Automotive							264							277
Gaming							54							54
Food Packaging							2							2
Metals							2							2
Home Fashion							3							3
							325							338
Intangible assets, net							$	1,208						$	899

We recorded amortization expense for the three months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 of $18 million and $16 million, respectively, associated with definite-lived intangible assets, and for the six months ended June 30, 2012 and 2011 we recorded amortization expense of $33 million and $31 million, respectively. We utilize the straight-line method of amortization, recognized over the estimated useful lives of the assets.

Automotive

During the six months ended June 30, 2012, our Automotive segment increased goodwill and decreased property, plant and equipment by $8 million to correct for property, plant and equipment that were improperly valued in our initial purchase accounting.

During the second quarter of 2012, Federal-Mogul's board of directors approved a restructuring plan to reduce or eliminate capacity at several high cost VSP facilities and transfer production to lower cost locations. As a result, we determined that this restructuring plan indicated that an impairment may exist in one of our Automotive reporting units, VSP, which had a balance of $720 million of goodwill allocated to it. In assessing whether we had an impairment in our VSP reporting unit, we considered certain trends of businesses comprising our VSP reporting unit, along with other quantitative and qualitative factors, and concluded that this restructuring event did not result in a goodwill impairment charge during the second quarter of 2012 for our VSP reporting unit.

As previously announced, board of directors of Federal-Mogul decided to segment Federal-Mogul's operating businesses into two separate and independent divisions. One division will focus primarily on the manufacture and sale of powertrain products to original equipment manufacturers while the other will consist of Federal-Mogul's global aftermarket as well as its brake, chassis and wipers businesses. Federal-Mogul has initiated several actions in connection with the creation of the two operating divisions, including the hiring of a Chief Executive Officer for the aftermarket division and the identification of facilities that will be managed by each division. As this new segmentation of our Automotive reporting segment will result in reconsideration of its reporting units during the second half of 2012, our Automotive segment's existing goodwill will be required to be reassigned utilizing a relative fair value allocation approach in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other. It is possible that this goodwill reassignment could result in a goodwill impairment during the second half of fiscal 2012.

Based upon certain impairment indicators related to our Automotive segment's friction business, including lower than expected profits and cash flows due to continued lower aftermarket volumes, further product mix shifts and pressure on margins, our Automotive segment performed a trademarks and brand names impairment analysis in accordance with the subsequent measurement provisions of FASB ASC Topic 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other. This impairment analysis compares the fair values of these assets to the related carrying values, and impairment charges are recorded for any excess of carrying values over fair values. These fair values are based upon the prospective stream of hypothetical after-tax royalty cost savings discounted at rates that reflect the rates of return appropriate for these intangible assets. Based upon this analysis, our Automotive segment recognized a $13 million impairment charge for each of the three and six months ended June 30, 2012.

Energy

As further discussed in Note 2, "Acquisition," we acquired a controlling interest in CVR on May 4, 2012. As a result, of the acquisition, based on preliminary valuations, we recorded goodwill of $894 million, of which $652 million and $242 million was allocated to our Energy segment's petroleum and fertilizer reporting units, respectively. The allocation of goodwill to our Energy segment's reporting units will be subject to additional adjustments as we finalize our purchase price allocation. The goodwill arising from the acquisition is largely due to certain CVR factors, including CVR's location attributes, trained and assembled workforce, and a deferred tax liability offset adjustment, which arises from the nature of the stock transaction. Specifically related to locational attributes, CVR is an inland refiner that buys the majority of its crude oil at prices linked to the West Texas Intermediate benchmark and then sells gasoline at prices based on global benchmarks like the North Sea Brent crude. This is beneficial to CVR because oil production in the North American heartland is rising faster than the inland crude can be piped to available refiners; this oversupply has benefited the gross margins of Midwestern refiners such as CVR. None of the goodwill recognized is deductible for income tax purposes.

In addition, we recorded definite-lived intangible assets aggregating $358 million, of which $46 million related to gasification technology license with a useful life of 25 years, $12 million related to permitting assets with a useful life of 25 years and $300 million related to customer relationships with a useful life of 20 years. The gasification technology license and customer relationships definite-lived intangibles were allocated solely to our Energy segment's fertilizer reporting unit and the permitting assets definite-lived intangible assets were allocated solely to our Energy segment's petroleum reporting unit. The allocation of goodwill and intangibles to our Energy segment's reporting units will be subject to additional adjustments as we finalize our purchase price allocation. None of the goodwill recognized is deductible for income tax purposes.

Gaming

During the three months ended June 30, 2012, our Gaming segment corrected $5 million related to its stepped-up value of certain definite-lived intangibles that were overstated in its initial purchase accounting. In addition, during the three months ended June 30, 2012, our Gaming segment recognized an impairment charge of $2 million related to certain intangible assets (favorable lease arrangements) related to certain original tenant leases being terminated early.

Railcar

We perform the annual goodwill impairment test as of March 1 of each year for our Railcar segment. For purposes of goodwill impairment testing, our Railcar operating segment constitutes our reporting unit ("Railcar reporting unit"). We assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our Railcar reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount. If, however, we had determined that it was more likely than not that the fair value of our Railcar reporting unit was less than its carrying amount, then we would perform the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. In evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of our Railcar reporting unit is greater than its carrying amount, we considered various qualitative and quantitative factors, including macroeconomic conditions, railcar industry trends and the fact that our Railcar reporting unit has historical positive operating cash flows that we anticipate will continue. After assessing these factors, we determined that it was more likely than not the fair value of our Railcar reporting unit was greater than its carrying amount, and therefore no further testing was necessary.

Food Packaging

As a result of our acquisition of a controlling interest in Viskase on January 15, 2010, certain long-term assets have been adjusted as a result of our required utilization of common control parties' underlying basis in such assets. As of June 30, 2012, the net balances of such assets included adjustments as follows: $3 million for goodwill and $10 million for intangible assets.

Metals

During the six months ended June 30, 2012, PSC Metals reduced its goodwill by $6 million. This change related to certain acquisitions made during fiscal 2011 and consisted of a $9 million increase in tangible and identifiable intangible assets due to finalization of purchase price allocations, offset by additional purchase price payments of $3 million.