Description of Business	12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Description of Business
Description of Business	1. Description of Business Overview Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises”) is a master limited partnership formed in Delaware on February 17, 1987. References to “we,” “our” or “us” herein include Icahn Enterprises and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. Icahn Enterprises owns a 99% limited partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises Holdings”). Icahn Enterprises Holdings and its subsidiaries own substantially all of our assets and liabilities and conduct substantially all of our operations. Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. (“Icahn Enterprises GP”), which is indirectly owned and controlled by Mr. Carl C. Icahn, owns a 1% general partner interest in each of Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings as of December 31, 2022, representing an aggregate 1.99% general partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings and us. Mr. Icahn and his affiliates owned approximately 85% of our outstanding depositary units as of December 31, 2022. Description of Operating Businesses We are a diversified holding company owning subsidiaries currently engaged in the following continuing operating businesses: Investment, Energy, Automotive, Food Packaging, Real Estate, Home Fashion and Pharma. In addition, we operated our Metals segment until sold in December 2021. We also report the results of our Holding Company, which includes the results of certain subsidiaries of Icahn Enterprises (unless otherwise noted), and investment activity and expenses associated with our Holding Company. See Note 13, “Segment and Geographic Reporting,” for a reconciliation of each of our reporting segment’s results of operations to our consolidated results. Certain additional information with respect to our segments are discussed below. Investment Our Investment segment is comprised of various private investment funds (“Investment Funds”) in which we have general partner interests and through which we invest our proprietary capital. As general partner, we provide investment advisory and certain administrative and back-office services to the Investment Funds but do not provide such services to any other entities, individuals or accounts. We and certain of Mr. Icahn’s family members and affiliates are the only investors in the Investment Funds. Interests in the Investment Funds are not offered to outside investors. We had interests in the Investment Funds with a fair market value of approximately $4.2 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021. Energy We conduct our Energy segment through our majority owned subsidiary, CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy”). CVR Energy is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and marketing industry through its petroleum business and in the nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industry through its holdings in CVR Partners, LP, a publicly traded limited partnership (“CVR Partners”). CVR Energy is an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels primarily in the form of gasoline and diesel fuels, as well as renewable diesel. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea ammonium nitrate and ammonia. CVR Energy has a general partner interest in CVR Partners. In addition, CVR Energy owns approximately 37% of the outstanding common units of CVR Partners as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 71% of the total outstanding common stock of CVR Energy. Automotive We conduct our Automotive segment through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Icahn Automotive Group LLC (“Icahn Automotive”). Icahn Automotive is engaged in the retail and wholesale distribution of automotive parts in the aftermarket (“aftermarket parts”) as well as providing automotive repair and maintenance services (“automotive services”) to its customers. Icahn Automotive’s aftermarket parts and automotive services businesses serve different customer channels and have distinct strategies, opportunities and requirements and therefore are operated as two independent operating companies, each with its own management team. Food Packaging We conduct our Food Packaging segment through our majority owned subsidiary, Viskase Companies, Inc. (“Viskase”). Viskase is a producer of cellulosic, fibrous and plastic casings used to prepare and package processed meat products. In October 2020, Viskase completed an equity private placement whereby we acquired an additional 50,000,000 shares of Viskase common stock for $100 million. In December 2022, we purchased an additional 1,123,363 shares of Viskase common stock for $1 million. As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 90% of the total outstanding common stock of Viskase. Real Estate Our Real Estate segment consists primarily of investment properties, the development and sale of single-family homes and the management of a country club. Home Fashion We conduct our Home Fashion segment through our wholly-owned subsidiary, WestPoint Home LLC (“WPH”). WPH’s business consists of manufacturing, sourcing, marketing, distributing and selling home fashion consumer products. Pharma We conduct our Pharma segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, Vivus LLC (“Vivus”). We acquired all of the outstanding commons stock of Vivus in December 2020 upon its emergence from bankruptcy. Vivus is a specialty pharmaceutical company with two approved therapies and one product candidate in active clinical development. Prior to Vivus’ emergence from bankruptcy, we held an investment in Vivus’ convertible corporate debt securities with a fair value of $183 million. In addition to the fair value of the convertible corporate debt securities, our total consideration transferred included an exit financing facility of $81 million and a contingent liability of $3 million. The $81 million exit financing facility replaced an existing $63 million term loan previously held by us. Metals We conducted our Metals segment through our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, PSC Metals, LLC (“PSC Metals”). PSC Metals is principally engaged in the business of collecting, processing and selling ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as the processing and distribution of steel pipe and plate products. PSC Metals collects industrial and obsolete scrap metal, processes it into reusable forms and supplies the recycled metals to its customers. On December 7, 2021, we closed on the previously announced sale of 100% of the equity interests in PSC Metals. In connection with this sale, we received proceeds of $323 million and recorded a pretax gain on disposition of assets of $163 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. As a result of the sale of PSC Metals, we no longer operate a Metals segment.

Description of Business

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

1. Description of Business

Overview

Icahn Enterprises L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises”) is a master limited partnership formed in Delaware on February 17, 1987. References to “we,” “our” or “us” herein include Icahn Enterprises and its subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

Icahn Enterprises owns a 99% limited partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings L.P. (“Icahn Enterprises Holdings”). Icahn Enterprises Holdings and its subsidiaries own substantially all of our assets and liabilities and conduct substantially all of our operations. Icahn Enterprises G.P. Inc. (“Icahn Enterprises GP”), which is indirectly owned and controlled by Mr. Carl C. Icahn, owns a 1% general partner interest in each of Icahn Enterprises and Icahn Enterprises Holdings as of December 31, 2022, representing an aggregate 1.99% general partner interest in Icahn Enterprises Holdings and us. Mr. Icahn and his affiliates owned approximately 85% of our outstanding depositary units as of December 31, 2022.

Description of Operating Businesses

We are a diversified holding company owning subsidiaries currently engaged in the following continuing operating businesses: Investment, Energy, Automotive, Food Packaging, Real Estate, Home Fashion and Pharma. In addition, we operated our Metals segment until sold in December 2021. We also report the results of our Holding Company, which includes the results of certain subsidiaries of Icahn Enterprises (unless otherwise noted), and investment activity and expenses associated with our Holding Company. See Note 13, “Segment and Geographic Reporting,” for a reconciliation of each of our reporting segment’s results of operations to our consolidated results. Certain additional information with respect to our segments are discussed below.

Investment

Our Investment segment is comprised of various private investment funds (“Investment Funds”) in which we have general partner interests and through which we invest our proprietary capital. As general partner, we provide investment advisory and certain administrative and back-office services to the Investment Funds but do not provide such services to any other entities, individuals or accounts. We and certain of Mr. Icahn’s family members and affiliates are the only investors in the Investment Funds. Interests in the Investment Funds are not offered to outside investors. We had interests in the Investment Funds with a fair market value of approximately $4.2 billion as of December 31, 2022 and 2021.

Energy

We conduct our Energy segment through our majority owned subsidiary, CVR Energy, Inc. (“CVR Energy”). CVR Energy is a diversified holding company primarily engaged in the petroleum refining and marketing industry through its petroleum business and in the nitrogen fertilizer manufacturing industry through its holdings in CVR Partners, LP, a publicly traded limited partnership (“CVR Partners”). CVR Energy is an independent petroleum refiner and marketer of high value transportation fuels primarily in the form of gasoline and diesel fuels, as well as renewable diesel. CVR Partners produces and markets nitrogen fertilizers in the form of urea ammonium nitrate and ammonia. CVR Energy has a general partner interest in CVR Partners. In addition, CVR Energy owns approximately 37% of the outstanding common units of CVR Partners as of December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 71% of the total outstanding common stock of CVR Energy.

Automotive

We conduct our Automotive segment through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Icahn Automotive Group LLC (“Icahn Automotive”). Icahn Automotive is engaged in the retail and wholesale distribution of automotive parts in the aftermarket (“aftermarket parts”) as well as providing automotive repair and maintenance services (“automotive services”) to its customers. Icahn Automotive’s aftermarket parts and automotive services businesses serve different customer channels and have distinct strategies, opportunities and requirements and therefore are operated as two independent operating companies, each with its own management team.

Food Packaging

We conduct our Food Packaging segment through our majority owned subsidiary, Viskase Companies, Inc. (“Viskase”). Viskase is a producer of cellulosic, fibrous and plastic casings used to prepare and package processed meat products.

In October 2020, Viskase completed an equity private placement whereby we acquired an additional 50,000,000 shares of Viskase common stock for $100 million. In December 2022, we purchased an additional 1,123,363 shares of Viskase common stock for $1 million. As of December 31, 2022, we owned approximately 90% of the total outstanding common stock of Viskase.

Real Estate

Our Real Estate segment consists primarily of investment properties, the development and sale of single-family homes and the management of a country club.

Home Fashion

We conduct our Home Fashion segment through our wholly-owned subsidiary, WestPoint Home LLC (“WPH”). WPH’s business consists of manufacturing, sourcing, marketing, distributing and selling home fashion consumer products.

Pharma

We conduct our Pharma segment through our wholly owned subsidiary, Vivus LLC (“Vivus”). We acquired all of the outstanding commons stock of Vivus in December 2020 upon its emergence from bankruptcy. Vivus is a specialty pharmaceutical company with two approved therapies and one product candidate in active clinical development.

Prior to Vivus’ emergence from bankruptcy, we held an investment in Vivus’ convertible corporate debt securities with a fair value of $183 million. In addition to the fair value of the convertible corporate debt securities, our total consideration transferred included an exit financing facility of $81 million and a contingent liability of $3 million. The $81 million exit financing facility replaced an existing $63 million term loan previously held by us.

Metals

We conducted our Metals segment through our indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, PSC Metals, LLC (“PSC Metals”). PSC Metals is principally engaged in the business of collecting, processing and selling ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as the processing and distribution of steel pipe and plate products. PSC Metals collects industrial and obsolete scrap metal, processes it into reusable forms and supplies the recycled metals to its customers.

On December 7, 2021, we closed on the previously announced sale of 100% of the equity interests in PSC Metals. In connection with this sale, we received proceeds of $323 million and recorded a pretax gain on disposition of assets of $163 million in the fourth quarter of 2021. As a result of the sale of PSC Metals, we no longer operate a Metals segment.