13. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Cash Commitments

NJNG has entered into long-term contracts, expiring at various dates through September 2024, for the supply, storage and transportation of natural gas. These contracts include annual fixed charges of approximately $91.2 million at current contract rates and volumes for the remainder of the fiscal year, which are recoverable through BGSS.

For the purpose of securing storage and pipeline capacity, the Energy Services segment enters into storage and pipeline capacity contracts, which require the payment of certain demand charges by Energy Services to maintain the ability to access such natural gas storage or pipeline capacity, during a fixed time period, which generally ranges from one to 10 years. Demand charges are established by interstate storage and pipeline operators and are regulated by FERC. These demand charges represent commitments to pay storage providers or pipeline companies for the right to store and/or transport natural gas utilizing their respective assets.

Commitments as of December 31, 2018, for natural gas purchases and future demand fees for the next five fiscal year periods are as follows:



(Thousands)	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Thereafter
Energy Services:
Natural gas purchases	$	361,898	$	34,959	$	11,382	$	—	$	—	$	—
Storage demand fees	23,503		21,011		13,866		9,229		4,433		1,339
Pipeline demand fees	44,768		60,611		30,310		25,079		19,454		5,559
Sub-total Energy Services	$	430,169	$	116,581	$	55,558	$	34,308	$	23,887	$	6,898
NJNG:
Natural gas purchases	$	46,150	$	38,422	$	33,861	$	34,460	$	35,278	$	37,067
Storage demand fees	25,402		27,318		14,251		12,930		7,899		6,066
Pipeline demand fees	65,761		87,556		96,417		92,527		87,316		616,054
Sub-total NJNG	$	137,313	$	153,296	$	144,529	$	139,917	$	130,493	$	659,187
Total	$	567,482	$	269,877	$	200,087	$	174,225	$	154,380	$	666,085

Legal Proceedings

Manufactured Gas Plant Remediation

NJNG is responsible for the remedial cleanup of five MGP sites, dating back to gas operations in the late 1800s and early 1900s, which contain contaminated residues from former gas manufacturing operations. NJNG is currently involved in administrative proceedings with the NJDEP, and participating in various studies and investigations by outside consultants, to determine the nature and extent of any such contaminated residues and to develop appropriate programs of remedial action, where warranted, under Administrative Consent Orders or Memoranda of Agreement with the NJDEP.

NJNG recovers its remediation expenditures, including carrying costs, over rolling seven-year periods pursuant to a RAC approved by the BPU. In July 2018, the BPU approved NJNG's annual SBC filing requesting a reduction in the RAC, which decreased the annual recovery from $9.4 million to $7 million, effective September 1, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, $32.8 million of previously incurred remediation costs, net of recoveries from customers and insurance proceeds, are included in regulatory assets on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

NJNG has had discussions with the NJDEP regarding its association with certain parcels of land, located within NJNG's service territory, upon which former MGP operations may have been located in the late 1800s or early 1900s. NJNG is investigating to determine the nature and extent of its relationship to the parcels, its previous owners and the operations conducted on the respective sites, and has accrued for known costs associated with the preliminary investigation of the existence of potential contaminants there on. NJNG will continue to gather information to determine whether a potential obligation exists to undertake remedial action, if any, and whether there are other potentially responsible parties.

NJNG periodically, and at least annually, performs an environmental review of MGP sites located in Atlantic Highlands, Berkeley, Long Branch, Manchester and Toms River, including a review of potential liability for investigation and remedial action. NJNG estimated at the time of the most recent review that total future expenditures to remediate and monitor the five MGP sites for which it is responsible, including potential liabilities for natural resource damages that might be brought by the NJDEP for alleged injury to groundwater or other natural resources concerning these sites, will range from approximately $117.7 million to $204.1 million. NJNG’s estimate of these liabilities is based upon known facts, existing technology and enacted laws and regulations in place when the review was completed. Where it is probable that costs will be incurred, and the information is sufficient to establish a range of possible liability, NJNG accrues the most likely amount in the range. If no point within the range is more likely than the other, it is NJNG’s policy to accrue the lower end of the range. Accordingly, NJNG recorded an MGP remediation liability and a corresponding regulatory asset on the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets of $130.8 million as of September 30, 2018, based on the most likely amount at year end and $129.6 million as of December 31, 2018, which includes adjustments for actual expenditures during fiscal 2019. The actual costs to be incurred by NJNG are dependent upon several factors, including final determination of remedial action, changing technologies and governmental regulations, the ultimate ability of other responsible parties to pay and insurance recoveries, if any.

NJNG will continue to seek recovery of MGP-related costs through the RAC. If any future regulatory position indicates that the recovery of such costs is not probable, the related non-recoverable costs would be charged to income in the period of such determination.

General

The Company is involved, and from time to time in the future may be involved, in a number of pending and threatened judicial, regulatory and arbitration proceedings relating to matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of litigation matters, particularly when such matters are in their early stages or where the claimants seek indeterminate damages, the Company cannot state with confidence what the eventual outcome of the pending litigation will be, what the timing of the ultimate resolution of these matters will be, or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties related to each pending matter will be, if any. In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, NJR establishes accruals for litigation for those matters that present loss contingencies as to which it is both probable that a loss will be incurred and the amount of such loss can be reasonably estimated. NJR also discloses contingent matters for which there is a reasonable possibility of a loss. Based upon currently available information, NJR believes that the results of litigation that is currently pending, taken together, will not have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The actual results of resolving the pending litigation matters may be substantially higher than the amounts accrued.

The foregoing statements about NJR’s litigation are based upon the Company’s judgments, assumptions and estimates and are necessarily subjective and uncertain. The Company has a number of threatened and pending litigation matters at various stages. Certain of the Company’s significant litigation is described below.

Stafford Township

In February 2015, a natural gas fire and explosion occurred in Stafford Township, New Jersey as a result of a natural gas leak emanating from an underground pipe. There were no fatalities, although several employees of NJNG were injured and several homes were damaged. NJNG notified its insurance carrier and believes that any costs associated with the incident, including attorneys’ fees, property damage and other losses, will be substantially covered by insurance. The Company believes the resolution of the remaining claims associated with the incident will not have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. Certain non-subrogated property damage claims asserted against the Company and co-defendants and cross-claims have been settled subject to documentation in January 2019. The settlements will not have a material impact on the Company's financial position or results from operation.