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Debt | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Debt | Debt 2017 Credit Facility In May 2017, the Company entered into a credit and security agreement (the "Credit Facility") with MidCap Financial, a Delaware statutory trust, as administrative agent and MidCap Financial and certain other financial institutions as lenders thereunder (the “Credit Agreement”) that provides for a senior secured term loan facility of $60.0 million, of which $40.0 million was drawn by the Company on May 5, 2017. The Company's ability to draw on the remaining $20.0 million under the senior secured term loan facility expired on December 31, 2018. The Company capitalized approximately $0.4 million of debt issuance costs, which were netted against the carrying value of the Credit Facility and will be amortized over the term of the Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had made loan repayments of $6.7 million on the Credit Facility. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the London Interbank Offered Rate, or LIBOR, (with a LIBOR floor rate of 1.00%) plus 6.15%. The Company was obligated to make interest only payments (payable monthly in arrears) through April 30, 2019. Commencing on May 1, 2019 and continuing for the remaining twenty-four months of the facility, the Company is required to make monthly interest payments and monthly principal payments. The principal payments are to be made based on straight-line amortization of the principal over the twenty-four month period. The maturity date of the Credit Agreement is May 1, 2021, unless terminated earlier. The Credit Facility is subject to certain financial covenants. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with all required covenants. 2026 Convertible Notes In September 2019, the Company issued, at par value, $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 1.5% convertible senior notes due 2026, which included an option to purchase up to an additional $37.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes. The 2026 Convertible Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 1.5% per year, payable semi-annually on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on March 15, 2020. The 2026 Convertible Notes will mature on September 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased or converted. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $279.3 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company. The 2026 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture (the "2026 Convertible Notes Indenture") with U.S Bank National Association as trustee (the "2026 Convertible Notes Trustee"). Holders may convert their 2026 Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2026 only under the following circumstances: · during any calendar quarter commencing on or after December 31, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; · during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; · during any period after the Company has issued notice of redemption until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the relevant redemption date; or · upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after March 15, 2026, until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their 2026 Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company's common stock or any combination thereof at the Company's election. The conversion rate for the 2026 Convertible Notes was initially, and remains, 19.0404 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $52.52 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate may be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The Company is not permitted to redeem the 2026 Convertible Notes prior to September 20, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2026 Convertible Notes, at its option, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect on the last trading day of, and for at least 19 other trading days (whether or not consecutive) during, any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Convertible Notes, which means that the Company is not required to redeem or retire the 2026 Convertible Notes periodically. If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture), subject to certain conditions, holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their 2026 Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2026 Convertible Notes, including that upon certain events of default (including the Company’s failure to make any payment of principal or interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes when due and payable) occurring and continuing, the 2026 Convertible Notes Trustee by notice to the Company, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding 2026 Convertible Notes by notice to the Company and the Convertible Notes Trustee, may, and the 2026 Convertible Notes Trustee at the request of such holders (subject to the provisions of the 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture) shall, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the 2026 Convertible Notes to be due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, involving the Company or a significant subsidiary, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes will automatically become due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately. The Company accounts for the 2026 Convertible Notes as a liability and equity component where the carrying value of the liability component will be valued based on a similar instrument. In accounting for the issuance of the 2026 Convertible Notes, the Company separated the 2026 Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2026 Convertible Notes as a whole. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, referred to as the debt discount, is amortized to interest expense over the seven-year term of the 2026 Convertible Notes. The equity component is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The equity component recorded at issuance related to the 2026 Convertible Notes is $123.0 million and was recorded in additional paid-in capital. In accounting for the transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2026 Convertible Notes, the Company allocated the total costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2026 Convertible Notes based on their relative values. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the seven-year term of the 2026 Convertible Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity components in stockholders’ equity. Additionally, the Company initially recorded a net deferred tax liability of $25.3 million in connection with the 2026 Convertible Notes. The 2026 Convertible Notes consist of the following:
Liability component |  | September 30, 2019
Principal |  | $ | 287,500 |
Less: Debt issuance costs |  | (4,692 | )
Less: Debt discount, net(1) |  | (122,618 | )
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 160,190 |
(1) Included in the consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes (due 2026) and amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the 2026 Convertible Notes using the effective interest rate method. As of September 30, 2019, the remaining contractual life of the 2026 Convertible Notes is approximately 7.0 years. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2026 Convertible Notes:
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2019
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 130 |  |  | $ | 130 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 391 |  |  | 391 |
Total |  | $ | 536 |  |  | $ | 536 |
Effective interest rate of the liability component |  | 10.2 | % |  | 10.2 | %
2022 Convertible Notes In August 2015, the Company issued, at par value, $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.0% convertible senior notes due 2022. The 2022 Convertible Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 3.0% per year, payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2016. The 2022 Convertible Notes will mature on August 15, 2022, unless earlier repurchased or converted. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $145.4 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company. The 2022 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture (the "2022 Convertible Notes Indenture") with U.S Bank National Association as trustee (the "2022 Convertible Notes Trustee"). Holders may convert their 2022 Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding February 15, 2022 only under the following circumstances: · during any calendar quarter commencing on or after September 30, 2015 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; · during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Notes Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of 2022 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; · during any period after the Company has issued notice of redemption until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the relevant redemption date; or · upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On or after February 15, 2022, until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their 2022 Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay cash up to the aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes to be converted and deliver shares of its common stock in respect of the remainder, if any, of its conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of 2022 Convertible Notes being converted. The conversion rate for the 2022 Convertible Notes was initially, and remains, 17.7487 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $56.34 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate may be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The Company was not permitted to redeem the 2022 Convertible Notes prior to August 20, 2018. As of August 20, 2018, the Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2022 Convertible Notes, at its option, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect on the last trading day of, and for at least 19 other trading days (whether or not consecutive) during, any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2022 Convertible Notes, which means that the Company is not required to redeem or retire the 2022 Convertible Notes periodically. There have been no redemptions to date. If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the 2022 Convertible Notes Indenture), subject to certain conditions, holders of the 2022 Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their 2022 Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The 2022 Convertible Notes Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2022 Convertible Notes, including that upon certain events of default (including the Company’s failure to make any payment of principal or interest on the 2022 Convertible Notes when due and payable) occurring and continuing, the 2022 Convertible Notes Trustee by notice to the Company, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding 2022 Convertible Notes by notice to the Company and the Convertible Notes Trustee, may, and the 2022 Convertible Notes Trustee at the request of such holders (subject to the provisions of the 2022 Convertible Notes Indenture) shall, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the 2022 Convertible Notes to be due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, involving the Company or a significant subsidiary, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2022 Convertible Notes will automatically become due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately. The Company accounts for the 2022 Convertible Notes as a liability and equity component where the carrying value of the liability component will be valued based on a similar instrument. In accounting for the issuance of the 2022 Convertible Notes, the Company separated the 2022 Convertible Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2022 Convertible Notes as a whole. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, referred to as the debt discount, is amortized to interest expense over the seven-year term of the 2022 Convertible Notes. The equity component is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The equity component recorded at issuance related to the 2022 Convertible Notes is $57.5 million and was recorded in additional paid-in capital. In accounting for the transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2022 Convertible Notes, the Company allocated the total costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2022 Convertible Notes based on their relative values. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are amortized to interest expense over the seven-year term of the 2022 Convertible Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity components in stockholders’ equity. Additionally, the Company initially recorded a net deferred tax liability of $22.3 million in connection with the 2022 Convertible Notes. The 2022 Convertible Notes consist of the following:
Liability component |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Principal |  | $ | 150,000 |  |  | $ | 150,000 |
Less: Debt issuance costs |  | (1,438 | ) |  | (1,746 | )
Less: Debt discount, net(1) |  | (28,862 | ) |  | (35,054 | )
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 119,700 |  |  | $ | 113,200 |
(1) Included in the consolidated balance sheets within convertible senior notes (due 2022) and amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the 2022 Convertible Notes using the effective interest rate method. As of September 30, 2019, the remaining contractual life of the 2022 Convertible Notes is approximately 2.9 years. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2022 Convertible Notes:
|  | Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Contractual interest expense |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 3,375 |  |  | $ | 3,375 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 106 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 277 |
Amortization of debt discount |  | 2,137 |  |  | 1,919 |  |  | 6,192 |  |  | 5,563 |
Total |  | $ | 3,377 |  |  | $ | 3,148 |  |  | $ | 9,875 |  |  | $ | 9,215 |
Effective interest rate of the liability component |  | 11.0 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 11.0 | % |  | 11.0 | %

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