<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001410578-19-000703.txt : 20190807
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20190807165226
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001410578-19-000703
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20190807
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20190807
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20190807

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001070081
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				043416587
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-35969
		FILM NUMBER:		191006197

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		100 CORPORATE COURT
		CITY:			SOUTH PLAINFIELD
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07080-2449
		BUSINESS PHONE:		9082227000

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		100 CORPORATE COURT
		CITY:			SOUTH PLAINFIELD
		STATE:			NJ
		ZIP:			07080-2449

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	PTC THERAPEUTICS INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19980909
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<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>UNITED STATES</b></p>

<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>Washington, D.C.
20549</b></p>

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<p style="font: 18pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_906_edei--DocumentType_c20190806__20190807_z8hBvDzpurpg"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>PURSUANT TO SECTION
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OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Registrant&#8217;s
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>Not Applicable</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">(Former Name or Former
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<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in">Check
the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant
under any of the following provisions (see&#32;General Instruction A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90A_edei--WrittenCommunications_c20190806__20190807_z6VXRy7Am6oi"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:WrittenCommunications">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;Written
communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)</span></p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#160;</span></p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90F_edei--SolicitingMaterial_c20190806__20190807_zVBfBPA6Hg14"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;Soliciting
material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)</span></p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_903_edei--PreCommencementTenderOffer_c20190806__20190807_zAnNyKV7tial"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))</span></p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: -0.5in"><span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_90E_edei--PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_c20190806__20190807_zMIpTkKpDTwh"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;&#32;Pre-commencement
communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))</span></p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 48px; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Securities registered
pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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registered</b></span></td></tr>
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Indicate by check
mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405
of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Emerging
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<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for
complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;
</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"></p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 1.01.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 92%"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Entry Into a Material Definitive Agreement.</b></span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">On August 7, 2019, PTC Therapeutics, Inc., a
Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), entered into an At the Market Offering Sales Agreement (the &#8220;Sales
Agreement&#8221;) with Cantor Fitzgerald &#38; Co. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, as agents (together, the &#8220;Sales
Agents&#8221; and, individually, a &#8220;Sales Agent&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company may offer and sell shares of its
common stock, $0.001 par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $125,000,000 (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;)
from time to time through  the Sales Agents (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company may deliver placement notices to only
one Sales Agent (such Sales Agent, the &#8220;Designated Agent&#8221;) relating to the sale of Shares under the Sales
Agreement on any given day. Upon delivery of a placement notice and subject to the terms and conditions of the Sales
Agreement, the Designated Agent may sell the Shares by any method deemed to be an &#8220;at the market offering&#8221; as
defined in  Rule 415(a)(4) promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company or the Designated Agent may suspend or terminate the offering
of Shares upon notice to the other party and subject to other conditions. The Sales Agents will act as the Company&#8217;s sales
agents using commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices and applicable state and
federal law, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Global Select Market.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Company has agreed to pay each Sales Agent
commissions for its services in acting as an agent in the sale of the Shares in an amount of up to 3.0% of gross sales
proceeds per share sold by such Sales Agent pursuant to the Sales Agreement. The Company has also agreed to provide the Sales
Agents with customary indemnification and contribution rights.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Each Sales Agent may terminate the Sales Agreement, solely
with respect to such Sales Agent&#8217;s rights and obligations under the Sales Agreement, at any time upon ten days&#8217;
prior notice. The Company may terminate the Sales Agreement with respect to either or both Sales Agents at any time upon
ten days&#8217; prior notice (or three days&#8217; prior notice at any time when no placement notice is in effect).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Sales Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants of the Company and the Sales Agents, conditions to settlement of any sale of the Shares and other
customary provisions.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">A copy of the Sales Agreement is attached as Exhibit 1.1 hereto
and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the material terms of the Sales Agreement does not purport
to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, counsel to the Company,
has issued a legal opinion relating to the Shares. A copy of such legal opinion, including the consent included therein, is attached
as Exhibit 5.1 hereto.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Shares will be sold pursuant to an effective shelf Registration
Statement on Form S-3 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;), which became effective on
August 24, 2017 (File No. 333-220151). The Company is also filing with the SEC a prospectus supplement relating to the Offering
(the &#8220;Prospectus Supplement&#8221;) and offerings of the Shares will be made only by means of the Prospectus Supplement.
This Current Report on Form 8-K shall not constitute an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor
shall there be any sale of these securities in any state in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to
registration or qualification under the securities law of such state or jurisdiction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<tr style="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
    <td style="width: 8%; text-align: left"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>Item 9.01.</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 92%"><b>Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d) &#160;Exhibits.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top; width: 7%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&#160;No.</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 1%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 92%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Description</span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><a href="tv526852_ex1-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">1.1</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tv526852_ex1-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-size: 10pt">At the Market Offering Sales Agreement, dated August 7, 2019,
    among PTC Therapeutics, Inc., Cantor Fitzgerald &#38; Co. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC. </span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><a href="tv526852_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">5.1</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tv526852_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Opinion of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, dated August 7, 2019</span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top"><a href="tv526852_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">23.1</span></a></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top"><a href="tv526852_ex5-1.htm"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Consent of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP (contained in Exhibit 5.1 above)</span></a></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: top">104</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">The cover page from this Current Report on Form 8-K, formatted in Inline XBRL</td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURE </b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to the requirements
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned
hereunto duly authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt"><b>PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC.</b></span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top; width: 51%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Date: August 7, 2019</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 3%"><span style="font-size: 10pt">By:</span></td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom; width: 46%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><span style="font-size: 10pt">/s/ Emily Hill&#160;</span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Emily Hill</span></td></tr>
<tr>
    <td style="vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="vertical-align: bottom"><span style="font-size: 10pt">Chief Financial Officer</span></td></tr>
</table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<TYPE>EX-1.1
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 1.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
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<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><B>Exhibit 1.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXECUTION VERSION</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Shares of Common Stock</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(par value $0.001 per share)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>At the Market Offering</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B><U>Sales Agreement</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">August 7, 2019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: left">Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co.<BR>
499 Park Avenue<BR>
New York, NY 10022</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: left">RBC Capital Markets, LLC<BR>
200 Vesey Street<BR>
New York, NY 10281</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 4in 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">PTC Therapeutics, Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><U>Company</U></B>&rdquo;), confirms its agreement (this &ldquo;<B><U>Agreement</U></B>&rdquo;)
with Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC (each, an &ldquo;<B><U>Agent</U></B>,&rdquo; and collectively, the
&ldquo;<B><U>Agents</U></B>&rdquo;), as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">1.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Issuance and Sale of Shares</U>. The Company agrees that, from time to time during the term of this Agreement, on the
terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein, it may issue and sell through the Agents shares of common stock (the &ldquo;<B><U>Placement
Shares</U></B>&rdquo;) of the Company, par value $0.001 per share (the &ldquo;<B><U>Common Stock</U></B>&rdquo;) up to an aggregate
offering price of $125,000,000; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that in no event shall the Company issue or sell through the Agents
such number or dollar amount of Placement Shares that would (a) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock registered
on the effective Registration Statement (defined below) pursuant to which the offering is being made, (b) exceed the number of
authorized but unissued shares of Common Stock (less shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise, conversion or exchange
of any outstanding securities of the Company or otherwise reserved from the Company&rsquo;s authorized capital stock), (c) exceed
the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock permitted to be sold under Form S-3 (including General Instruction I.B.6
thereof, if applicable) or (d) exceed the number or dollar amount of shares of Common Stock for which the Company has filed a Prospectus
Supplement (defined below) (the lesser of &lrm;(a), &lrm;(b), &lrm;(c) and &lrm;(d), the &ldquo;<B><U>Maximum Amount</U></B>&rdquo;).
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, the parties hereto agree that compliance with the limitations set forth
in this <U>Section &lrm;1</U> on the amount of Placement Shares issued and sold under this Agreement shall be the sole responsibility
of the Company, and that, other than as set forth in this Agreement, the Agents shall have no obligation in connection with such
compliance. The offer and sale of Placement Shares through the Agents will be effected pursuant to the Registration Statement (as
defined below) filed by the Company and deemed effective or declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;<B><U>Commission</U></B>&rdquo;),
although nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as requiring the Company to use the Registration Statement to issue Common
Stock.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company has filed,
in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><U>Securities Act</U></B>&rdquo;) and
the rules and regulations thereunder (the &ldquo;<B><U>Securities Act Regulations</U></B>&rdquo;), with the Commission a registration
statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-220151), including a base prospectus, relating to certain securities, including the Placement
Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company, and which incorporates by reference documents that the Company has filed
or will file in accordance with the provisions of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><U>Exchange Act</U></B>&rdquo;),
and the rules and regulations thereunder. The Company has prepared a prospectus or prospectus supplement to the base prospectus
included as part of the registration statement, which prospectus or prospectus supplement relates to the Placement Shares to be
issued from time to time by the Company (the &ldquo;<B><U>Prospectus Supplement</U></B>&rdquo;). The Company will furnish to the
Agents, for use by the Agents, copies of the prospectus included as part of such registration statement, as supplemented, by the
Prospectus Supplement, relating to the Placement Shares to be issued from time to time by the Company. The Company may file one
or more additional registration statements from time to time that will contain a base prospectus and related prospectus or prospectus
supplement, if applicable (which shall be a Prospectus Supplement), with respect to the Placement Shares. Except where the context
otherwise requires, such registration statement(s), including all documents filed as part thereof or incorporated by reference
therein, and including any information contained in a Prospectus (as defined below) subsequently filed with the Commission pursuant
to Rule&nbsp;424(b) under the Securities Act Regulations or deemed to be a part of such registration statement pursuant to Rule&nbsp;430B
of the Securities Act Regulations, is herein called the &ldquo;<B><U>Registration Statement</U></B>.&rdquo; The base prospectus
or base prospectuses, including all documents incorporated therein by reference, included in the Registration Statement, as it
may be supplemented, if necessary, by the Prospectus Supplement, in the form in which such prospectus or prospectuses and/or Prospectus
Supplement have most recently been filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Rule&nbsp;424(b) under the Securities Act
Regulations, together with the then-issued Issuer Free Writing Prospectus(es), is herein called the &ldquo;<B><U>Prospectus</U></B>.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Any reference herein to
the Registration Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (defined below) shall be
deemed to refer to and include the documents, if any, incorporated by reference therein (the &ldquo;<B><U>Incorporated Documents</U></B>&rdquo;),
including, unless the context otherwise requires, the documents, if any, filed as exhibits to such Incorporated Documents. Any
reference herein to the terms &ldquo;amend,&rdquo; &ldquo;amendment&rdquo; or &ldquo;supplement&rdquo; with respect to the Registration
Statement, any Prospectus Supplement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include
the filing of any document under the Exchange Act on or after the most-recent effective date of the Registration Statement, or
the date of the Prospectus Supplement, Prospectus or such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as the case may be, and incorporated
therein by reference. For purposes of this Agreement, all references to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or to any amendment
or supplement thereto shall be deemed to include the most recent copy filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data
Gathering Analysis and Retrieval system, or if applicable, the Interactive Data Electronic Application system when used by the
Commission (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>EDGAR</U></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">2.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Placements</U>. Each time that the Company wishes to issue and sell Placement Shares hereunder (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Placement</U></B>&rdquo;),
it will notify an Agent (the &ldquo;<B><U>Designated Agent</U></B>&rdquo;) by email notice (or other method mutually agreed to
by the parties) of the number of Placement Shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are requested to be made, any
limitation on the number of Placement Shares that may be sold in any one Trading Day (as defined below) and any minimum price below
which sales may not be made (a &ldquo;<B><U>Placement Notice</U></B>&rdquo;), the form of which is attached hereto as &lrm;<U>Schedule
1</U>. The Placement Notice shall originate from any of the individuals from the Company set forth on &lrm;<U>Schedule 3</U> (with
a copy to each of the other individuals from the Company listed on such schedule), and shall be addressed to each of the individuals
from the Designated Agent set forth on &lrm;<U>Schedule 3</U>, as such &lrm;<U>Schedule 3</U> may be amended from time to time.
The Placement Notice shall be effective unless and until (a)&nbsp;the Designated Agent declines to accept the terms contained therein
for any reason, in its sole discretion, within two (2) Trading Days from the time such Placement Notice was received, (b)&nbsp;the
entire amount of the Placement Shares thereunder have been sold, (c)&nbsp;the Company suspends or terminates the Placement Notice,
or (d)&nbsp;this Agreement has been terminated under the provisions of <U>Section &lrm;13</U>. The amount of any discount, commission
or other compensation to be paid by the Company to the Designated Agent in connection with the sale of the Placement Shares shall
be calculated in accordance with the terms set forth in &lrm;<U>Schedule 2</U>. It is expressly acknowledged and agreed that neither
the Company nor the Designated Agent will have any obligation whatsoever with respect to a Placement or any Placement Shares unless
and until the Company delivers a Placement Notice to the Designated Agent and the Designated Agent does not decline such Placement
Notice pursuant to the terms set forth above, and then only upon the terms specified therein and herein. In the event of a conflict
between the terms of this Agreement and the terms of a Placement Notice, the terms of the Placement Notice will control.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">3.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sale of Placement Shares by the Designated Agent</U>. Subject to the provisions of <U>Section &lrm;5(a)</U> the Designated
Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal
trading and sales practices and applicable state and federal laws, rules and regulations and the rules of The Nasdaq Global Select
Market (the &ldquo;<B><U>Exchange</U></B>&rdquo;), to sell the Placement Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in
accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The Designated Agent will provide written confirmation to the Company no later
than the opening of the Trading Day immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder
setting forth the number of Placement Shares sold on such day, the compensation payable by the Company to the Designated Agent
pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;2</U> with respect to such sales and the Net Proceeds (as defined below) payable to the Company, with
an itemization of the deductions made by the Designated Agent (as set forth in <U>Section &lrm;5(b)</U>) from the gross proceeds
that it receives from such sales. Subject to the terms of the Placement Notice, the Designated Agent may sell Placement Shares
by any method permitted by law deemed to be an &ldquo;at the market offering&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;415(a)(4) of the Securities
Act Regulations, including sales made directly on or through the Exchange or any other existing trading market for the Common Stock,
in negotiated transactions at market prices prevailing at the time of sale or at prices related to such prevailing market prices
and/or any other method permitted by law. &ldquo;<B><U>Trading Day</U></B>&rdquo; means any day on which Common Stock is traded
on the Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">4.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Suspension of Sales</U>. The Company or the Designated Agent may, upon notice to the other party in writing (including
by email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth on &lrm;<U>Schedule 3</U>, if receipt of such correspondence
is actually acknowledged by any of the individuals to whom the notice is sent, other than via auto-reply) or by telephone (confirmed
immediately by verifiable facsimile transmission or email correspondence to each of the individuals of the other party set forth
on &lrm;<U>Schedule 3</U>), suspend any sale of Placement Shares (a &ldquo;<B><U>Suspension</U></B>&rdquo;); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>,
that such Suspension shall not affect or impair any party&rsquo;s obligations with respect to any Placement Shares sold hereunder
prior to the receipt of such notice. While a Suspension is in effect, any obligation under <U>Sections &lrm;7(l)</U>, &lrm;<U>7(m)</U>,
&lrm;<U>7(n)</U> and &lrm;<U>7(o)</U> with respect to the delivery of certificates, opinions, or comfort letters to the Agents
shall be waived. Each of the parties agrees that no such notice under this <U>Section &lrm;4</U> shall be effective against any
other party unless it is made to one of the individuals named on &lrm;<U>Schedule 3</U> hereto, as such Schedule may be amended
from time to time.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">5.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sale and Delivery to the Designated Agent; Settlement</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sale of Placement Shares</U><I>.</I> On the basis of the representations and warranties herein contained and subject
to the terms and conditions herein set forth, upon the Designated Agent&rsquo;s acceptance of the terms of a Placement Notice,
and unless the sale of the Placement Shares described therein has been declined, suspended, or otherwise terminated in accordance
with the terms of this Agreement, the Designated Agent, for the period specified in the Placement Notice, will use its commercially
reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement
Shares up to the amount specified in, and otherwise in accordance with the terms of, such Placement Notice. The Company acknowledges
and agrees that (i) there can be no assurance that the Designated Agent will be successful in selling Placement Shares, (ii) the
Designated Agent will incur no liability or obligation to the Company or any other person or entity if it does not sell Placement
Shares for any reason other than a failure by the Designated Agent to use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its
normal trading and sales practices and applicable law and regulations to sell such Placement Shares as required under this Agreement
and (iii) the Designated Agent shall be under no obligation to purchase Placement Shares on a principal basis pursuant to this
Agreement, except as otherwise agreed to by the Designated Agent and the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Settlement of Placement Shares</U><I>.</I> Unless otherwise specified in the applicable Placement Notice, settlement
for sales of Placement Shares will occur on the second (2nd) Trading Day (or such earlier day as is industry practice for regular-way
trading) following the date on which such sales are made (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Settlement Date</U></B>&rdquo;). The Designated
Agent shall provide written confirmation to the Company of each sale of Placement Shares no later than the opening of the Trading
Day immediately following the Trading Day on which it has made sales of Placement Shares hereunder. The amount of proceeds to be
delivered to the Company on a Settlement Date against receipt of the Placement Shares sold (the &ldquo;<B><U>Net Proceeds</U></B>&rdquo;)
will be equal to the aggregate sales price received by the Designated Agent, after deduction for (i) the Designated Agent&rsquo;s
commission, discount or other compensation for such sales payable by the Company pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;2</U> hereof, and
(ii) any transaction fees imposed by any Governmental Authority in respect of such sales.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Delivery of Placement Shares</U>. On or before each Settlement Date, the Company will, or will cause its transfer agent
to, electronically transfer the Placement Shares being sold by crediting the Designated Agent&rsquo;s or its designee&rsquo;s account
(provided the Designated Agent shall have given the Company written notice of such designee at least one Trading Day prior to the
Settlement Date) at The Depository Trust Company through its Deposit and Withdrawal at Custodian System or by such other means
of delivery as may be mutually agreed upon by the parties hereto, which in all cases shall be freely tradable, transferable, registered
shares in good deliverable form. On each Settlement Date, the Designated Agent will deliver the related Net Proceeds in same-day
funds to an account designated by the Company on, or prior to, the Settlement Date. The Company agrees that if the Company, or
its transfer agent (if applicable), defaults in its obligation to deliver Placement Shares on a Settlement Date, the Company agrees
that in addition to and in no way limiting the rights and obligations set forth in <U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>11(a)</U>
hereto, it will (i) hold the Designated Agent harmless against any loss, claim, damage, or reasonable and documented expense (including
reasonable legal fees and expenses), as incurred, arising out of or in connection with such default by the Company or its transfer
agent (if applicable) and (ii) pay to the Designated Agent any commission, discount, or other compensation to which it would otherwise
have been entitled absent such default.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Denominations; Registration</U><I>.</I> Certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, shall be in such denominations
and registered in such names as the Designated Agent may request in writing at least one full Business Day (as defined below) before
the Settlement Date. The certificates for the Placement Shares, if any, will be made available by the Company for examination and
packaging by the Designated Agent in The City of New York not later than&nbsp;noon (New York time) on the Business Day prior to
the Settlement Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Limitations on Offering Size</U>. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any
Placement Shares if, after giving effect to the sale of such Placement Shares, the aggregate gross sales proceeds of Placement
Shares sold pursuant to this Agreement would exceed the lesser of (i)&nbsp;together with all sales of Placement Shares under this
Agreement, the Maximum Amount or (ii)&nbsp;the amount authorized from time to time to be issued and sold under this Agreement by
the Company&rsquo;s board of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee, and notified
to the Designated Agent in writing. Under no circumstances shall the Company cause or request the offer or sale of any Placement
Shares pursuant to this Agreement at a price lower than the minimum price authorized from time to time by the Company&rsquo;s board
of directors, a duly authorized committee thereof or a duly authorized executive committee.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sales Through Agents</U>. With respect to the offering and sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company
agrees that any offer to sell Placement Shares, any solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares, and any sales of Placement
Shares shall only be effected by or through the Designated Agent on any single given day, and the Company shall in no event request
that more than one Agent offer or sell Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement on the same day.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">6.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to, and agrees with the each Agent
that as of the date of this Agreement and as of each Applicable Time (as defined below) except as may be disclosed in the Registration
Statement or Prospectus (including any documents incorporated by reference therein and any supplements thereto) on or before an
Applicable Time and unless such representation, warranty or agreement specifies a different time:</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Registration Statement and Prospectus</U>. The Company and the transactions contemplated by this Agreement meet the requirements
for and comply with the applicable conditions set forth in Form S-3 (including General Instructions I.A and I.B) under the Securities
Act. The Registration Statement has been filed or will be filed with the Commission and has been or will become effective, or be
declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act, prior to the issuance of any Placement Notices by the Company. No
notice of objection of the Commission to the use of such registration statement or any post-effective amendment thereto pursuant
to Rule 401(g)(2) under the Securities Act has been received by the Company. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration
Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act
against the Company or related to the offering of the Placement Shares has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company,
threatened by the Commission. The Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, on the date
of such Prospectus or amendment or supplement, conformed and will conform and complied and will comply in all material respects
with the Securities Act. The Prospectus Supplement will name the Agents as the agents in the section entitled &ldquo;Plan of Distribution.&rdquo;
The Company has not distributed and, prior to the later to occur of each Settlement Date and completion of the distribution of
the Placement Shares, will not distribute any offering material in connection with the offering or sale of the Placement Shares
other than the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (as defined below) to which the
Agents have consented. The Common Stock is registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act and is currently listed on
the Exchange under the trading symbol &ldquo;PTCT.&rdquo; The Company has taken no action designed to, or likely to have the effect
of, terminating the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act, delisting the Common Stock from the Exchange, nor
has the Company received any notification that the Commission or the Exchange is contemplating terminating such registration or
listing. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, it is in compliance with all applicable listing requirements of the Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Misstatement or Omission</U>. At each Settlement Date, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of such date,
will conform in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act. The Registration Statement, when it became or
becomes effective, did not, and will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required
to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus and any amendment and
supplement thereto, on the date thereof and at each Applicable Time (defined below), did not or will not include an untrue statement
of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading. The foregoing shall not apply to statements in, or omissions from, any such document made
in reliance upon, and in conformity with, information furnished to the Company by an Agent specifically for use in the preparation
thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Incorporated Documents</U>. The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or
any Prospectus Supplement when they were filed with the Commission conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the
Exchange Act, and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact
necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further
documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Prospectus Supplement, when
such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and
will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein,
in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Misstatement or Omission in an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus</U>. Each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, as of its
issue date and as of each Applicable Time (as defined in <U>Section &lrm;24</U> below), did not, does not and will not include
any information that conflicted, conflicts or will conflict with the information contained in the Registration Statement or the
Prospectus, including any incorporated document deemed to be a part thereof that has not been superseded or modified. The foregoing
sentence does not apply to statements in or omissions from any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus based upon and in conformity with
written information furnished to the Company by an Agent specifically for use therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Conformity with Securities Act and Exchange Act</U>. The Registration Statement, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, and the documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, when such documents were or are filed with the Commission under the Securities
Act or the Exchange Act or became or become effective under the Securities Act, as the case may be, conformed or will conform in
all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Financial Statements</U><I>.</I> The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its
consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply in all
material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly the financial position of the Company
and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the consolidated results of their operations and the changes in
their cash flows and changes in stockholders&rsquo; equity of the Company for the periods specified; such financial statements
have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (&ldquo;<B><U>GAAP</U></B>&rdquo;)
applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, except as otherwise disclosed therein, and, in the case of
unaudited, interim financial statements, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the exclusion of certain footnotes, and
any supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly
the information required to be stated therein; the other financial information included or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and
presents fairly the information shown thereby; the pro forma financial information and the related notes thereto included or incorporated
by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus have been prepared in accordance with the applicable requirements
of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act and the assumptions underlying such pro forma financial information are reasonable and
are set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Financial Statements of Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc.</U> The financial statements (including the related notes thereto)
of Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc. included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus comply in
all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly in all material respects the financial
position of Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc. as of the dates indicated and the results of its operations and the changes in its cash
flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP applied on a consistent basis
throughout the periods covered thereby, except as otherwise disclosed therein, and, in the case of unaudited, interim financial
statements, subject to normal year-end audit adjustments and the exclusion of certain footnotes, and any supporting schedules included
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus present fairly in all material respects the information required to be stated
therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Subsidiaries</U>. The subsidiaries set forth on <U>Schedule 4</U> (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Subsidiaries</U></B>&rdquo;),
are the Company&rsquo;s only significant subsidiaries (as such term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated by the
Commission). Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and in the Prospectus, all the outstanding shares of capital stock
or other equity interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company have been duly and validly authorized
and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable (except, in the case of any foreign subsidiary, for directors&rsquo; qualifying shares)
and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction
on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
no Subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which
it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such Subsidiary&rsquo;s
capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such Subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any
of such Subsidiary&rsquo;s properties or assets to the Company or any other Subsidiary of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Material Adverse Change</U>. Except as otherwise stated therein, since the respective dates as of which information
is given in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (i) there has not been any material change in the capital stock (other
than as a result of the sale of Placement Shares, the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise, conversion, or vesting
of stock options, warrants, securities exercisable for Common Stock or other equity awards described as outstanding in, and the
grant of options and awards or the issuance of shares of Common Stock under equity incentive or benefits plans, inducement grants
or stock purchase or ownership plans described in, the Registration Statement and the Prospectus), short-term debt or long-term
debt of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid
or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, or any material adverse change, or any development that would reasonably
be expected to result in a material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders&rsquo;
equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii) neither the Company nor any
of its Subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material
to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material
to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has sustained any
loss or interference with its business that is material to the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either
from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or
any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case as otherwise
disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Organization and Good Standing</U><I>.</I> The Company and each of its Subsidiaries have been duly organized and are
validly existing and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do
business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct
of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective
properties and to conduct the businesses in which they are engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing
or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, properties,
management, financial position, stockholders&rsquo; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its Subsidiaries,
taken as a whole, or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a &ldquo;<B><U>Material Adverse
Effect</U></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Capitalization</U>. The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus
under the heading &ldquo;Capitalization&rdquo; as of the dates referred to therein (other than the grant of additional options
or other equity awards or the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s equity incentive or benefits plans,
inducement grants, stock purchase or ownership plans, or changes in the number of outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company
due to the issuance of shares upon the exercise, conversion or vesting of securities exercisable for, or convertible into, Common
Stock outstanding on the date hereof, the vesting of restricted stock units outstanding on the date hereof). All the outstanding
shares of capital stock of the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and
are not subject to any pre-emptive or similar rights. Except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Registration Statement
and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding rights (including, without limitation, pre-emptive rights), warrants or options to
acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any shares of capital stock or other equity interest in the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, or any contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance
of any capital stock of the Company or any such Subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights,
warrants or options. The capital stock of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Stock Options</U>. With respect to the stock options (the &ldquo;<B><U>Stock Options</U></B>&rdquo;) granted pursuant
to the stock-based compensation plans and agreements of the Company and its Subsidiaries (the &ldquo;<B><U>Company Stock Plans</U></B>&rdquo;),
(i) to the knowledge of the Company, each Stock Option intended to qualify as an &ldquo;incentive stock option&rdquo; under Section
422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the &ldquo;<B><U>Code</U></B>&rdquo;), so qualifies, (ii) each grant of a
Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective
(the &ldquo;<B><U>Grant Date</U></B>&rdquo;) by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board
of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the
necessary number of votes or written consents, and, to the knowledge of the Company (other than with respect to due execution and
delivery by the Company), the award agreement governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto,
(iii) each such grant was made in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans and, with respect to Stock Options granted
after the effectiveness of the Company&rsquo;s registration statement relating to the Company&rsquo;s initial public offering,
the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws and regulatory rules or requirements, including the rules of the Nasdaq Global Select
Market and any other exchange on which the Company&rsquo;s securities are traded, and (iv) each such grant was properly accounted
for in accordance with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and disclosed in the Company&rsquo;s
filings with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws. The Company has not knowingly granted,
and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating
the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the Company or its
Subsidiaries or their results of operations or prospects.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Authorization of this Agreement; Enforceability</U>. The Company has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver
this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization,
execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby has been duly
and validly taken. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and is a legal, valid and binding
agreement of the Company enforceable in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that enforceability may be limited by bankruptcy,
insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or similar laws affecting creditors&rsquo; rights generally and by general equitable principles.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Authorization of Placement Shares</U>. The Placement Shares, when issued and delivered and paid for as provided herein,
will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and non-assessable, will conform in all material respects to the descriptions
thereof in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and the Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses, if any, will be free and clear
of any pledge, lien, encumbrance, security interest or other claim, including any statutory or contractual preemptive rights, resale
rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights, and will be registered pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Descriptions of this Agreement</U>. This Agreement conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Violation or Default</U><I>.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its charter
or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time
or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in
any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
is a party or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of
any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
except, in the case of clauses &lrm;(ii) and &lrm;(iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not, individually or
in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Preferential Rights</U>. Except as set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (i) no person, as such
term is defined in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Person</U></B>&rdquo;),
has the right, contractual or otherwise, to cause the Company to issue or sell to such Person any Common Stock or shares of any
other capital stock or other securities of the Company, (ii) no Person has any preemptive rights, resale rights, rights of first
refusal, rights of co-sale, or any other rights (whether pursuant to a &ldquo;poison pill&rdquo; provision or otherwise) to purchase
any Common Stock or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, (iii) no Person has the right to act
as an underwriter or as a financial advisor to the Company in connection with the offer and sale of the Placement Shares, and (iv)
no Person has the right, contractual or otherwise, to require the Company to register under the Securities Act any Common Stock
or shares of any other capital stock or other securities of the Company, or to include any such shares or other securities in the
Registration Statement or the offering contemplated thereby, whether as a result of the filing or effectiveness of the Registration
Statement or the sale of the Placement Shares as contemplated thereby or otherwise, other than rights that have been validly waived,
other than, in the case of (i) and (ii) above, the grant of additional options or other equity awards or the issuance of shares
of Common Stock pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s existing equity incentive or benefits plans, inducement grants, stock purchase
or ownership plans, or the issuance of shares upon the exercise, conversion or vesting of securities exercisable for, or convertible
into, Common Stock outstanding on the date hereof, or the vesting of restricted stock units outstanding on the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Conflicts</U><I>. </I>The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the issuance and sale
of the Placement Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not (i) conflict with or result
in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition
of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture,
mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party
or by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries is subject, (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws or similar organizational
documents of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (iii) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order,
rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses &lrm;(i) and &lrm;(iii) above, for any such conflict, breach, violation or
default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(s)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Consents Required</U>. No consent, approval, authorization, order, license, registration or qualification of or with
any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the
Company of this Agreement, the issuance and sale of the Placement Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, except for the registration of the Placement Shares under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations,
orders and registrations or qualifications as have already been obtained or made or as may be required by The Financial Industry
Regulatory Authority, Inc. (&ldquo;<B><U>FINRA</U></B>&rdquo;) or the Nasdaq Global Select Market or under applicable state securities
laws in connection with the sale and distribution of the Placement Shares by the Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(t)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Legal Proceedings</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental
or regulatory investigations, actions, suits or proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party
or to which any property of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is subject that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; no such investigations, actions, suits or proceedings are threatened or, to the
knowledge of the Company, contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no
current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings that are required under the Securities Act to
be described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
and (ii) there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed
as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus that are not so filed as
exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(u)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Independent Accountants</U>. Ernst &amp; Young LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and
its Subsidiaries is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its Subsidiaries within the
applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and
as required by the Securities Act. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, Ernst &amp; Young LLP is not in violation of the auditor independence
requirements of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the &ldquo;<B><U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U></B>&rdquo;) with respect to the Company.
To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, BDO USA, LLP, who has audited certain financial statements of Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc., was
an independent public accountant with respect to Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc. within the meaning of Rule 101 of the Code of Professional
Conduct of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and its interpretations and rules thereunder at the time BDO
USA, LLP audited the financial statements of Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc. included or incorporated by reference in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(v)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Title to Real and Personal Property</U>. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company
and its Subsidiaries have good title in fee simple (in the case of real property) to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise
use, all items of real and personal property and assets that are material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken
as a whole, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those
that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its Subsidiaries
or (ii) would not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(w)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Title to Intellectual Property</U>. Except for specific matters the Company is aware of that are accurately described
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company and each of its Subsidiaries own or possess, or can acquire on reasonable
terms, adequate rights to all patents, patent rights, inventions, trademarks, service marks, trade names, domain names, goodwill
associated with the foregoing, copyrights, licenses and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable
proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) and other intellectual property rights, including registrations
and applications for registration thereof (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Intellectual Property</U></B>&rdquo;) necessary for the conduct
of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as whole in all material respects as currently conducted and as proposed
to be conducted, and, to the knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has infringed, misappropriated
or otherwise violated any Intellectual Property of any third party in any material respect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have
not received any written notice of, and are not otherwise aware of, any pending or threatened claim of infringement, misappropriation
or other violation of any Intellectual Property of any third party or any written notice challenging the validity, scope or enforceability
of their respective Intellectual Property or rights therein, in each case which, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company is not aware of any specific facts or combination of facts that would
support a finding that any of the material issued or granted patents owned by or licensed to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
is invalid or unenforceable and, to the knowledge of the Company, all such issued or granted patents are valid and enforceable.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(x)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Form S-3 Eligibility</U>. At the time the Registration Statement became effective, and at the time the Company&rsquo;s
most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K was filed with the Commission, the Company met the then-applicable requirements for the
use of Form S-3 under the Securities Act, including, but not limited to, General Instruction I.B.2 of Form S-3. The Company is
not a shell company (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) and has not been a shell company for at least 12 calendar
months previously and if it has been a shell company at any time previously, has filed current Form 10 information (as defined
in Instruction I.B.6 of Form S-3) with the Commission at least 12 calendar months previously reflecting its status as an entity
that is not a shell company. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has defaulted on any installment on indebtedness for
borrowed money or on any rental on one or more long-term leases, which defaults, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(y)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Certain Market Activities</U>. Neither the Company, nor any of the Subsidiaries, nor to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge
any of their respective directors, officers or controlling persons has taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed, or that
has constituted or would reasonably be expected to cause or result in, under the Exchange Act or otherwise, the stabilization or
manipulation of the price of any security of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of the Placement Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(z)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Broker/Dealer Relationships</U>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries (i)&nbsp;is required to register as
a &ldquo;broker&rdquo; or &ldquo;dealer&rdquo; in accordance with the provisions of the Exchange Act or (ii)&nbsp;directly or indirectly
through one or more intermediaries, controls or is a &ldquo;person associated with a member&rdquo; or &ldquo;associated person
of a member&rdquo; (within the meaning set forth in the FINRA Manual).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(aa)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Undisclosed Relationships</U>. To the Company&rsquo;s knowledge, no relationship, direct or indirect, exists between
or among the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(bb)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Investment Company Act</U>. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Placement Shares
and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, will not be required
to register as an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo; or an entity &ldquo;controlled&rdquo; by an &ldquo;investment company&rdquo;
within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder
(collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Investment Company Act</U></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(cc)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Reliance</U>. The Company has not relied upon the Agents or legal counsel for the Agents for any legal, tax or accounting
advice in connection with the offering and sale of the Placement Shares.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(dd)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Taxes</U><I>.</I> The Company and its Subsidiaries have filed all federal, state, local and foreign tax returns required
to be filed through the date hereof. The Company and its Subsidiaries have paid all taxes shown as due on such returns, except
for taxes being contested in good faith and for which adequate reserves have been taken, and except as would not, individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
there is no tax deficiency that has been, or would reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
or any of their respective properties or assets, in each case, except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ee)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Licenses and Permits</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess or are in the process of obtaining all licenses, certificates,
permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local
or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties
or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, except where the failure
to possess or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described
in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation
or modification of any such license, certificate, permit or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license, certificate,
permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course. Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
as applicable, the Company and its Subsidiaries (i) are, and at all times have been, in compliance with all statutes, rules and
regulations applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution, storage,
import, export or disposal of any product manufactured or distributed by the Company or its Subsidiaries (&ldquo;<B><U>Applicable
Laws</U></B>&rdquo;), except where such non-compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect; and (ii) have not received any U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&ldquo;<B><U>FDA</U></B>&rdquo;) Form
483, written notice of adverse finding, warning letter, untitled letter or other correspondence or written notice from any court
or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority alleging or asserting non-compliance with (x) any Applicable Laws or (y)
any licenses, exemptions, certificates, approvals, clearances, authorizations, permits and supplements or amendments thereto required
by any such Applicable Laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ff)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>No
Labor Disputes</U><I>.</I> No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries exists
or, to the knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor
disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of its or its Subsidiaries&rsquo; principal suppliers, contractors or customers,
except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(gg)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Compliance with and Liability under Environmental Laws</U><I>.</I> Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement
and Prospectus, (i) the Company and its Subsidiaries (A) are, and at all prior times were, in compliance with any and all applicable
federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, requirements, decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and the common
law relating to pollution or the protection of the environment, natural resources or human health or safety, including those relating
to the generation, storage, treatment, use, handling, transportation, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials (collectively,
&ldquo;<B><U>Environmental Laws</U></B>&rdquo;), (B) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, certificates
or other authorizations or approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses,
(C) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any
Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials,
and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice, (D) are not conducting
or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Environmental Law
at any location, and (E) are not a party to any order, decree or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Environmental
Law, and (ii) there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or its Subsidiaries,
except in the case of each of &lrm;(i) and &lrm;(ii) above, for any such matter, as would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
(A) there are no proceedings that are pending, or, to the knowledge of the Company, contemplated, against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than such proceedings regarding
which it is reasonably believed no monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more will be imposed, (B) the Company and its Subsidiaries
are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under Environmental
Laws, including the Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials, that would reasonably be expected to have a material effect
on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its Subsidiaries, and (C) none of the Company
and its Subsidiaries anticipates material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;(hh)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Hazardous Materials</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, there has been no storage,
generation, transportation, use, handling, treatment, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials by, relating to or caused
by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or, to the knowledge of the Company and its Subsidiaries, any other entity (including
any predecessor) for whose acts or omissions the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or would reasonably be expected to be liable)
at, on, under or from any property or facility now or previously owned, operated or leased by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries,
or at, on, under or from any other property or facility, in violation of any Environmental Laws or in a manner or amount or to
a location that would reasonably be expected to result in any liability under any Environmental Law, except for any violation
or liability which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. &ldquo;<B><U>Hazardous
Materials</U></B>&rdquo; means any material, chemical, substance, waste, pollutant, contaminant, compound, mixture, or constituent
thereof, in any form or amount, including petroleum (including crude oil or any fraction thereof) and petroleum products, natural
gas liquids, asbestos and asbestos-containing materials, naturally occurring radioactive materials, brine, and drilling mud, regulated
or which can give rise to liability under any Environmental Law. &ldquo;<B><U>Release</U></B>&rdquo; means any spilling, leaking,
seepage, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, disposing, depositing, dispersing,
or migrating in, into or through the environment, or in, into from or through any building or structure.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Compliance with ERISA</U><I>.</I> Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, (i) each employee
benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (&ldquo;<B><U>ERISA</U></B>&rdquo;),
for which the Company or any member of its &ldquo;Controlled Group&rdquo; (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled
group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Code) would have any liability (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Plan</U></B>&rdquo;)
has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations,
including but not limited to ERISA and the Code, except for non-compliance that would not reasonably be expected to result in material
liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section
4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative
exemption that would reasonably be expected to result in a material liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries; (iii) for each
Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, the minimum funding standard of Section
412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, as applicable, has been satisfied (without taking into account any waiver thereof or extension
of any amortization period) and is reasonably expected to be satisfied in the future (without taking into account any waiver thereof
or extension of any amortization period); (iv) the fair market value of the assets of each Plan that is required to be funded exceeds
the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); (v) no
&ldquo;reportable event&rdquo; (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur
that either has resulted, or would reasonably be expected to result, in material liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries;
(vi) neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under
Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the PBGC, in the ordinary course and without default) in
respect of a Plan (including a &ldquo;multiemployer plan&rdquo;, within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA); and (vii)
there is no pending audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Pension Benefit Guaranty
Corporation or any other governmental agency or any foreign regulatory agency with respect to any Plan that would reasonably be
expected to result in material liability to the Company or its Subsidiaries. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement
or Prospectus, none of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (x) a material increase in the aggregate
amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its Subsidiaries in the current fiscal year of the Company
and its Subsidiaries compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; most recently
completed fiscal year, other than an increase solely attributable to (A) an increase in the number of employees covered by such
Plans or (B) an increase arising from the renewal in the ordinary course of business contracts with vendors, insurers, plan administrators
or other similar service providers under which the benefits of the Plans are provided; or (y) a material increase in the Company
and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; &ldquo;accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations&rdquo; (within the meaning of Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards 106) compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its Subsidiaries&rsquo; most recently completed
fiscal year.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(jj)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Disclosure Controls</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries maintain an effective system of &ldquo;disclosure controls
and procedures&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act
and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits
under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s
rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to
the Company&rsquo;s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its Subsidiaries
have carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 of the
Exchange Act.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(kk)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Accounting Controls</U><I>.</I> The Company and its Subsidiaries have established systems of &ldquo;internal control
over financial reporting&rdquo; (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that have been designed by, or under the supervision
of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide
reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external
purposes in accordance with GAAP, including, but not limited to, internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable
assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability;
(iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management&rsquo;s general or specific authorization; (iv) the recorded
accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect
to any differences and (v) interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in
the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with
the Commission&rsquo;s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus,
there are no material weaknesses in the Company&rsquo;s internal controls. The Company&rsquo;s auditors and the Audit Committee
of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the
design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely
affect the Company&rsquo;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, whether
or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&rsquo;s internal controls
over financial reporting.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ll)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Insurance</U><I>. </I>Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the Company has insurance
covering its properties, operations, personnel and businesses, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and
risks as the Company reasonably believes are adequate to protect the Company and its businesses; and the Company has not (i) received
notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that material capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary
to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance
coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary
to continue its business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(mm)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Cybersecurity</U>. (i) Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, (x) to the knowledge of
the Company, there has been no material security breach or other material compromise of or relating to any of the Company&rsquo;s
or any of its Subsidiaries&rsquo; information technology and computer systems, networks, hardware, software, data (including the
data of their respective customers, employees, suppliers, vendors and any third-party data maintained by or on behalf of them),
equipment or technology (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>IT Systems and Data</U></B>&rdquo;) and (y) the Company and its Subsidiaries
have not been notified of, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in, any
material security breach or other material compromise to their IT Systems and Data; (ii) the Company and its Subsidiaries are presently
in compliance with all applicable laws or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator
or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of
IT Systems and Data and to the protection of such IT Systems and Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification,
except as would not, in the case of this clause &lrm;(ii), individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and
(iii) the Company and its subsidiaries have implemented appropriate backup technology.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(nn)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Unlawful Payments</U><I>.</I> Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries nor any director, officer, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent or employee of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries, affiliates or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political
activity; (ii) made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment
of corporate funds or benefit to any foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or employee, including of any government-owned
or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of
any of the foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii) taken any action, directly
or indirectly, that would result in a violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended (the
&ldquo;<B><U>FCPA</U></B>&rdquo;), or any applicable law or regulation implementing the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of
Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United
Kingdom, or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption laws; or (iv) made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act
in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment,
kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or benefit. The Company and its Subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company,
its affiliates have conducted their businesses in compliance with the FCPA and have instituted, maintained and enforced, and will
continue to maintain and enforce policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery
and anti-corruption laws.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(oo)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been
conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the
Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions
where the Company or any of its Subsidiaries conduct business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar
rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental or regulatory agency (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Anti-Money
Laundering Laws</U></B>&rdquo;) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental or regulatory agency,
authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering
Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(pp)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws</U><I>. </I>Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, directors or officers,
nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any employee, agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the
Company or any of its Subsidiaries is currently the subject or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S.
Government, (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (&ldquo;<B><U>OFAC</U></B>&rdquo;)
or the U.S. Department of State and including, without limitation, the designation as a &ldquo;specially designated national&rdquo;
or &ldquo;blocked person&rdquo;), the United Nations Security Council (&ldquo;<B><U>UNSC</U></B>&rdquo;), the European Union, Her
Majesty&rsquo;s Treasury (&ldquo;<B><U>HMT</U></B>&rdquo;), or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively, &ldquo;<B><U>Sanctions</U></B>&rdquo;),
nor is the Company or any of its Subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is currently the subject
or the target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, and Syria (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Sanctioned
Country</U></B>&rdquo;); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Securities hereunder,
or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any Subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity
(i) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the
subject or the target of Sanctions, (ii) to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii)
in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether
as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past 5 years, the Company and its Subsidiaries have not knowingly
engaged in, are not now knowingly engaged in, and will not knowingly engage in, any dealings or transactions with any person that
at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with any Sanctioned Country.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(qq)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Finder&rsquo;s Fees</U>. Neither the Company nor any of the Subsidiaries has incurred any liability for any finder&rsquo;s
fees, brokerage commissions or similar payments in connection with the transactions herein contemplated, except as may otherwise
exist with respect to Agents pursuant to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(rr)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Stock Transfer Taxes</U>. On each Settlement Date, all stock transfer or other taxes (other than income taxes) which
are required to be paid in connection with the sale and transfer of the Placement Shares to be sold hereunder will be, or will
have been, fully paid or provided for by the Company and all laws imposing such taxes will be or will have been fully complied
with.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ss)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Underwriter Agreements</U>. The Company is not a party to any agreement with an agent or underwriter for any other &ldquo;at
the market&rdquo; or continuous equity transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(tt)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Agent Purchases</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that each Agent has informed the Company that such Agent may,
to the extent permitted under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, purchase and sell Common Stock for its own account while
this Agreement is in effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(uu)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Margin Rules</U>. The application of the proceeds received by the Company from the issuance, sale and delivery of the
Placement Shares as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus will not violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board
of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(vv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Status Under the Securities Act</U>. The Company was not and is not an ineligible issuer as defined in Rule 405 under
the Securities Act at the times specified in Rules 164 and 433 under the Securities Act in connection with the offering of the
Placement Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ww)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Forward-Looking Statements</U><I>.</I> No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities
Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed
without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(xx)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Statistical and Market Data</U><I>.</I> Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company
to believe that the statistical and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and
the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(yy)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>. There is and has been no material failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of
the Company, any of the Company&rsquo;s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provision
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the &ldquo;<B><U>Sarbanes-Oxley
Act</U></B>&rdquo;), including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(zz)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Clinical Trials</U>. (i) Except as described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the clinical and pre-clinical
trials conducted by or, to the knowledge of the Company, on behalf of or sponsored by the Company or its Subsidiaries, or in which
the Company or its Subsidiaries have participated, that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, or the
results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as applicable, were, and if still pending are,
being conducted in all material respects in accordance with standard medical and scientific research standards and procedures for
products or product candidates comparable to those being developed by the Company and all applicable statutes and all applicable
rules and regulations of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and comparable regulatory agencies outside of the United States
to which they are subject, including the European Medicines Agency (collectively, the &ldquo;<B><U>Regulatory Authorities</U></B>&rdquo;)
and current Good Clinical Practices and Good Laboratory Practices; (ii) the descriptions in the Registration Statement, the Pricing
Disclosure Package and the Prospectus of the results of such studies and tests are accurate and complete descriptions in all material
respects and fairly present the data derived therefrom; (iii) the Company has no knowledge of any other trials not described in
the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, the results of which are inconsistent with or call into question the results described
or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; (iv) the Company and its Subsidiaries have operated at all times
and are currently in compliance in all material respects with all applicable statutes, rules and regulations of the Regulatory
Authorities; and (v) neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries have received any written notices, correspondence or other
communications from the Regulatory Authorities or any other governmental agency requiring or threatening the termination, material
modification or suspension of any clinical or pre-clinical trials that are described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus,
or the results of which are referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, other than ordinary course communications
with respect to modifications in connection with the design and implementation of such trials, and, to the Company&rsquo;s knowledge,
there are no reasonable grounds for the same.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(aaa)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Regulatory Filings</U>. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement or Prospectus, the Company has not failed to
file with the Regulatory Authorities any required filing, declaration, listing, registration, report or submission with respect
to the Company&rsquo;s product candidates that are described or referred to in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus; all
such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions were in material compliance with applicable laws when
filed; and no deficiencies regarding compliance with applicable law have been asserted by any applicable regulatory authority with
respect to any such filings, declarations, listings, registrations, reports or submissions.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Any certificate signed
by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Agents or to counsel for the Agents pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement
shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company, as applicable, to the Agents as to the matters set forth therein.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">7.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><U>Covenants of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with the each Agent that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Registration Statement Amendments</U>. After the date of this Agreement and during any period in which a Prospectus relating
to any Placement Shares is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act (including in circumstances where such
requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act or similar rule), (i) the Company will notify the Agents
promptly of the time when any subsequent amendment to the Registration Statement, other than documents incorporated by reference
or amendments or supplements that do not name the Agents or do not relate to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, has
been filed with the Commission and/or has become effective or any subsequent supplement to the Prospectus related to the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement has been filed and of any request by the Commission for any amendment or supplement to the Registration
Statement or Prospectus related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or for additional information, (ii) the Company
will prepare and file with the Commission, promptly upon the Agents&rsquo; request, any amendments or supplements to the Registration
Statement or Prospectus that, in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable opinion, may be necessary or advisable in connection with the distribution
of the Placement Shares by the Agents (<I>provided, however</I>, that the failure of the Agents to make such request shall not
relieve the Company of any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents&rsquo; right to rely on the representations
and warranties made by the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect
to the failure to make such filing shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement until such amendment or supplement is filed);
(iii) the Company will not file any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or Prospectus relating to the Placement
Shares or a security convertible into the Placement Shares unless a copy thereof has been submitted to the Agents within a reasonable
period of time before the filing and the Agents have not objected thereto in good faith with reasonable grounds within two (2)
business days (<I>provided, however</I>, that the failure of the Agents to make such objection shall not relieve the Company of
any obligation or liability hereunder, or affect the Agents&rsquo; right to rely on the representations and warranties made by
the Company in this Agreement and provided, further, that the only remedy the Agents shall have with respect to the failure by
the Company to obtain such consent shall be to cease making sales under this Agreement, Agreement, and provided, for the avoidance
of doubt, that this provision shall not apply to documents the Company furnishes to the Commission under the Exchange Act)) and
the Company will furnish to the Agents at the time of filing thereof a copy of any document that upon filing is deemed to be incorporated
by reference into the Registration Statement or Prospectus, except for those documents available via EDGAR; and (iv) the Company
will cause each amendment or supplement to the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares to be filed with the Commission as required
pursuant to the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) of the Securities Act or, in the case of any document to be incorporated therein
by reference, to be filed with the Commission as required pursuant to the Exchange Act, within the time period prescribed (the
determination to file or not file any amendment or supplement with the Commission under this <U>Section 7(a)</U>, based on the
Company&rsquo;s reasonable opinion or reasonable objections, shall be made exclusively by the Company).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Notice of Commission Stop Orders</U>. The Company will advise the Agents, promptly after it receives notice or obtains
knowledge thereof, of the issuance or threatened issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the
Registration Statement, of the suspension of the qualification of the Placement Shares for offering or sale in any jurisdiction,
or of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for any such purpose; and it will promptly use its commercially reasonable
efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or to obtain its withdrawal if such a stop order should be issued. The Company
will advise the Agents promptly after it receives any request by the Commission for any amendments to the Registration Statement
or any amendment or supplements to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or for additional information related to
the offering of the Placement Shares or for additional information related to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any
Issuer Free Writing Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Delivery of Prospectus; Subsequent Changes</U>. During any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares
is required to be delivered by the Agents under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the Placement Shares (including
in circumstances where such requirement may be satisfied pursuant to Rule 172 under the Securities Act or similar rule), the Company
will comply with all requirements imposed upon it by the Securities Act, as from time to time in force, and to file on or before
their respective due dates all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with
the Commission pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14, 15(d) or any other provision of or under the Exchange Act. If the Company
has omitted any information from the Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 430B under the Securities Act, it will use its commercially
reasonable best efforts to comply with the provisions of and make all requisite filings with the Commission pursuant to said Rule
430B and to notify the Agents promptly of all such filings relating to the Placement Shares. If during such period any event occurs
as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit
to state a material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances then existing, not misleading,
or if during such period it is necessary to amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus to comply with the Securities
Act, the Company will promptly notify the Agents to suspend the offering of Placement Shares during such period and the Company
will promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement or Prospectus (at the expense of the Company) so as to correct such
statement or omission or effect such compliance.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Listing of Placement Shares</U>. During any period in which the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required
to be delivered by the Agent under the Securities Act with respect to the offer and sale of the, the Company will use its reasonable
best efforts to cause the Placement Shares to be listed on the Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Delivery of Registration Statement and Prospectus</U>. The Company will furnish to the Agents and their counsel (at the
expense of the Company) copies of the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (including all documents incorporated by reference
therein) and all amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement or Prospectus that are filed with the Commission during
any period in which a Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares is required to be delivered under the Securities Act (including
all documents filed with the Commission during such period that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein), in each case
as soon as reasonably practicable and in such quantities as the Agents may from time to time reasonably request and, at the Agents&rsquo;
request, will also furnish copies of the Prospectus to each exchange or market on which sales of the Placement Shares may be made;
<I>provided, however,</I> that the Company shall not be required to furnish any document (other than the Prospectus) to the Agents
to the extent such document is available on EDGAR.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Earnings Statement</U>. The Company will make generally available to its security holders as soon as practicable, but
in any event not later than 15 months after the end of the Company&rsquo;s current fiscal quarter, an earnings statement covering
a 12-month period that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) and Rule 158 of the Securities Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Use of Proceeds</U>. The Company will use the Net Proceeds as described in the Prospectus in the section entitled &ldquo;Use
of Proceeds.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Notice of Other Sales</U>. Without the prior written consent of the Agents, the Company will not, directly or indirectly,
offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement
Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights
to purchase or acquire, Common Stock during the period beginning on the fifth (5<SUP>th</SUP>) Trading Day immediately prior to
the date on which any Placement Notice is delivered to Agents hereunder and ending on the fifth (5<SUP>th</SUP>) Trading Day immediately
following the final Settlement Date with respect to Placement Shares sold pursuant to such Placement Notice (or, if the Placement
Notice has been terminated or suspended prior to the sale of all Placement Shares covered by a Placement Notice, the date of such
suspension or termination); and will not directly or indirectly in any other &ldquo;at the market&rdquo; or continuous equity transaction
offer to sell, sell, contract to sell, grant any option to sell or otherwise dispose of any Common Stock (other than the Placement
Shares offered pursuant to this Agreement) or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Stock, warrants or any rights
to purchase or acquire, Common Stock prior to the sixtieth (60<SUP>th</SUP>) day immediately following the termination of this
Agreement; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that such restrictions will not be required in connection with the Company&rsquo;s
issuance or sale of (i)&nbsp;Common Stock, options to purchase Common Stock or Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options
or vesting of restricted stock, pursuant to any employee or director equity incentive or benefits plan, inducement grant, stock
purchase or ownership plan or dividend reinvestment plan (but not Common Stock subject to a waiver to exceed plan limits in its
dividend reinvestment plan) of the Company whether now in effect or hereafter implemented, (ii)&nbsp;Common Stock issuable upon
conversion of securities or the exercise of warrants, options or other rights in effect or outstanding, and disclosed in filings
by the Company available on EDGAR or otherwise in writing to the Agents and (iii) Common Stock or securities convertible into or
exchangeable for shares of Common Stock as consideration for or in connection with mergers, acquisitions, joint ventures, marketing
or distribution arrangements, collaboration, licensing or co-promotion agreements, other business combinations, strategic alliances
or other corporate partnering transactions or other issuance in privately negotiated transactions with vendors, customers or potential
strategic partners, occurring after the date of this Agreement which are not issued for capital raising purposes and in each case
conducted in a manner so as not to be integrated with any offering of Placement Shares contemplated hereby.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Change of Circumstances</U>. The Company will, at any time during the pendency of a Placement Notice advise the Agents
promptly after it shall have received notice or obtained knowledge thereof, of any information or fact that would alter or affect
in any material respect any opinion, certificate, letter or other document required to be provided to the Agents pursuant to this
Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Due Diligence Cooperation</U>. The Company will cooperate with any reasonable due diligence review conducted by the Agents
or their representatives in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including, without limitation, providing information
and making available documents and senior corporate officers, during regular business hours and at the Company&rsquo;s principal
offices, as the Agents may reasonably request.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Required Filings Relating to Placement of Placement Shares</U>. The Company agrees that on such dates as the Securities
Act shall require the filing of a Prospectus Supplement with respect to the sale of the Placement Shares hereunder, the Company
will (i) file a prospectus supplement with the Commission under the applicable paragraph of Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act
(each and every filing date under Rule 424(b), a &ldquo;<B><U>Filing Date</U></B>&rdquo;), which prospectus supplement will set
forth, within the relevant period, the amount of Placement Shares sold through the Agents, the Net Proceeds to the Company and
the compensation payable by the Company to the Agents with respect to such Placement Shares, and (ii) deliver such number of copies
of each such prospectus supplement to each exchange or market on which such sales were effected as may be required by the rules
or regulations of such exchange or market.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representation Dates; Certificate</U>. (1) On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (2) each time the
Company:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>files the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares or amends or supplements (other than a prospectus supplement relating
solely to an offering of securities other than the Placement Shares) the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the
Placement Shares by means of a post-effective amendment, sticker, or supplement but not by means of incorporation of documents
by reference into the Registration Statement or the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>files an annual report on Form 10-K under the Exchange Act (including any Form 10-K/A containing amended financial information
or a material amendment to the previously filed Form 10-K) following the date of the first Placement Notice;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>files its quarterly reports on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act following the date of the first Placement Notice; or</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">(iv)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>files a current report on Form 8-K containing amended financial statements relating to the Company (other than information
&ldquo;furnished&rdquo; pursuant to Items 2.02 or 7.01 of Form&nbsp;8-K or to provide disclosure pursuant to Item 8.01 of Form
8-K relating to the reclassification of certain properties as discontinued operations in accordance with Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards No. 144) under the Exchange Act (each date of filing of one or more of the documents referred to in clauses
&lrm;(i) through &lrm;(iv) shall be a &ldquo;<B><U>Representation Date</U></B>&rdquo;);</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">the Company shall furnish the Agents (but in the case of clause
&lrm;(iv) above only if an Agent reasonably determines that the information contained in such Form 8-K is material) with a certificate
dated the Representation Date, in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(l), modified as necessary. The requirement to provide a
certificate under this <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U> shall be waived for any Representation Date occurring at a time at which no Placement
Notice is pending (including, for clarity, at a time a Suspension is in effect), which waiver shall continue until the earlier
to occur of the date the Company delivers a Placement Notice hereunder or instructions for the sale of Placement Shares under a
suspended Placement Notice (which for such calendar quarter shall be considered a Representation Date) and the next occurring Representation
Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Company subsequently decides to sell Placement Shares following a Representation Date
when the Company relied on such a waiver and did not provide the Agents with a certificate under this <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U>,
then before the Company delivers the instructions for the sale of Placement Shares or the Agents sell any Placement Shares pursuant
to such instructions, the Company shall provide the Agents with a certificate in conformity with this <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U>
dated as of the date that Placement Notice or the date that the instructions for the sale of Placement Shares are issued.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Legal Opinion</U>. (i) On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (ii) within five (5) Trading Days of
each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U>
for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause to be furnished to the Agents
a written opinion of each of Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP, Hoffmann &amp; Baron, LLP, Jones Day and Morgan, Lewis
&amp; Bockius LLP (each, a &ldquo;<B><U>Company Counsel</U></B>&rdquo;), or other counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Agents,
dated the date that the opinion is required to be delivered pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, substantially similar to the
form previously provided to the Agents and their counsel, modified, as necessary, to relate to the Registration Statement and the
Prospectus as then amended or supplemented; <I>provided, however</I>, the Company shall be required to furnish to the Agents no
more than one opinion from each Company Counsel per calendar quarter; <I>provided, further</I>, that in lieu of such opinions for
subsequent periodic filings under the Exchange Act, counsel may furnish the Agents with a letter (a &ldquo;<B><U>Reliance Letter</U></B>&rdquo;)
to the effect that the Agents may rely on a prior opinion delivered under this <U>Section &lrm;7(m)</U> to the same extent as if
it were dated the date of such letter (except that statements in such prior opinion shall be deemed to relate to the Registration
Statement and the Prospectus as amended or supplemented as of the date of the Reliance Letter).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Comfort Letter of Ernst &amp; Young LLP</U>. (i) On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice and (ii) within
five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate pursuant
to <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U> for which no waiver is applicable and excluding the date of this Agreement, the Company shall cause
its independent registered public accounting firm to furnish the Agents letters (the &ldquo;<B><U>Comfort Letters</U></B>&rdquo;),
dated the date the Comfort Letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in this <U>Section </U>&lrm;<U>7(n)</U>;
<I>provided</I>, that if reasonably requested by the Agents, the Company shall cause a Comfort Letter to be furnished to the Agents
within ten (10) Trading Days of the filing of additional or revised financial statements as a result of the occurrence of any material
transaction or event, including the restatement of the Company&rsquo;s financial statements. The Comfort Letter from the Company&rsquo;s
independent registered public accounting firm shall be in a form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Agents, (A) confirming
that they are an independent registered public accounting firm within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Public Company
Accounting Oversight Board, (B) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings of such firm with respect to the financial
information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants&rsquo; &ldquo;comfort letters&rdquo; to underwriters in connection
with registered public offerings (the first such letter, the &ldquo;<B><U>Initial Comfort Letter</U></B>&rdquo;) and (C) updating
the Initial Comfort Letter with any information that would have been included in the Initial Comfort Letter had it been given on
such date and modified as necessary to relate to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as amended and supplemented to
the date of such letter.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Comfort Letter of BDO USA, LLP</U>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice, the Company shall cause BDO
USA, LLP to furnish the Agents a letter, dated the date the letter is delivered, which shall meet the requirements set forth in
this <U>Section </U>&lrm;<U>7(o)</U>. The letter from BDO USA, LLP shall be in a form and substance satisfactory to the Agents,
(i) confirming that it was an independent public accountant with respect to Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc., within the meaning of
Rule 101 of the Code of Professional Conduct of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and its interpretations
and rules thereunder at the time BDO USA, LLP audited the financial statements of Agilis Biotherapeutics, Inc. included or incorporated
by reference in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and (ii) stating, as of such date, the conclusions and findings
of such firm with respect to the financial information and other matters ordinarily covered by accountants&rsquo; &ldquo;comfort
letters&rdquo; to underwriters in connection with registered public offerings.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(p)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Market Activities</U>. The Company will not, directly or indirectly, (i) take any action designed to cause or result
in, or that constitutes or might reasonably be expected to constitute, the stabilization or manipulation of the price of any security
of the Company to facilitate the sale or resale of Common Stock or (ii) sell, bid for, or purchase Placement Shares in violation
of Regulation M, or pay anyone any compensation for soliciting purchases of the Placement Shares other than the Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(q)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Investment Company Act</U>. The Company will conduct its affairs in such a manner so as to reasonably ensure that neither
it nor any of its Subsidiaries will be or become, at any time prior to the termination of this Agreement, required to register
as an &ldquo;investment company,&rdquo; as such term is defined in the Investment Company Act.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(r)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Offer to Sell</U>. Other than an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus approved in advance by the Company and the Agents
in their capacity as agents hereunder (such approval not to be unreasonably conditioned, delayed or withheld), neither the Agents
nor the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Agents in their capacity as such) will make, use, prepare,
authorize, approve or refer to any written communication (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act), required to be filed
with the Commission, that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy Placement Shares hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(s)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Blue Sky and Other Qualifications</U><I>.</I> The Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts, in cooperation
with the Agents, to qualify the Placement Shares for offering and sale, or to obtain an exemption for the Placement Shares to be
offered and sold, under the applicable securities laws of such states and other jurisdictions (domestic or foreign) as the Agents
may designate and to maintain such qualifications and exemptions in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the
Placement Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement); <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that
the Company shall not be obligated to file any general consent to service of process or to qualify as a foreign corporation or
as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction in which it is not so qualified or to subject itself to taxation in respect of doing
business in any jurisdiction in which it is not otherwise so subject. In each jurisdiction in which the Placement Shares have been
so qualified or exempt, the Company will file such statements and reports as may be required by the laws of such jurisdiction to
continue such qualification or exemption, as the case may be, in effect for so long as required for the distribution of the Placement
Shares (but in no event for less than one year from the date of this Agreement).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(t)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries will maintain and keep accurate books and records reflecting
their assets and maintain internal accounting controls in a manner designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability
of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP and including
those policies and procedures that (i)&nbsp;pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company, (ii)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance that transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit the preparation of the Company&rsquo;s consolidated financial statements in accordance with
GAAP, (iii)&nbsp;that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with management&rsquo;s and the
Company&rsquo;s directors&rsquo; authorization, and (iv)&nbsp;provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection
of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company&rsquo;s assets that could have a material effect on its financial
statements. The Company and the Subsidiaries will maintain such controls and other procedures, including, without limitation, those
required by Sections 302 and 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the applicable regulations thereunder that are designed to ensure
that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded,
processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the Commission&rsquo;s rules and forms, including, without
limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports
that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company&rsquo;s management, including its
principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure and to ensure that material information relating to the Company or the Subsidiaries is
made known to them by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which such periodic reports are being prepared.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(u)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Secretary&rsquo;s Certificate; Further Documentation</U>. On or prior to the date of the first Placement Notice, the
Company shall deliver to the Agents a certificate of the Secretary of the Company and attested to by an executive officer of the
Company, dated as of such date, certifying as to (i) the Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, (ii) the by-laws of the Company,
(iii) the resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company authorizing the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement
and the issuance of the Placement Shares and (iv) the incumbency of the officers duly authorized to execute this Agreement and
the other documents contemplated by this Agreement. Within five (5) Trading Days of each Representation Date with respect to which
the Company is obligated to deliver a certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit 7(u), for which no waiver is applicable
and excluding the date of this Agreement,, the Company shall have furnished to the Agents such further information, certificates
and documents as the Agents may reasonably request and which are customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection
with a securities offering.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">8.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Payment of Expenses</U>. The Company will pay all expenses incident to the performance of its obligations under this
Agreement, including (a)&nbsp;the preparation and filing of the Registration Statement, including any fees required by the Commission,
and the printing or electronic delivery of the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares as originally filed and of each amendment
and supplement thereto, in such number as the Agents shall reasonably deem necessary, (b) the printing and delivery to the Agents
of this Agreement and such other documents as may be required in connection with the offering, purchase, sale, issuance or delivery
of the Placement Shares, (c)&nbsp;the preparation, issuance and delivery of the certificates, if any, for the Placement Shares
to the Agents, including any stock or other transfer taxes and any capital duties, stamp duties or other duties or taxes payable
upon the sale, issuance or delivery of the Placement Shares to the Agent, (d)&nbsp;the fees and disbursements of the counsel, accountants
and other advisors to the Company, (e)&nbsp;the reasonable and documented out-of-pocket expenses of the Agents, including but not
limited to the fees and expenses of the counsel to the Agents, payable upon the execution of this Agreement, in an amount agreed
to by the parties hereto, (f) the qualification or exemption of the Placement Shares under state securities laws in accordance
with the provisions of <U>Section&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>7(s)</U> hereof, including filing fees, but excluding
fees of the Agents&rsquo; counsel, (g)&nbsp;the printing and delivery to the Agents of copies of any Permitted Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus and the Prospectus relating to the Placement Shares and any amendments or supplements thereto in such number as the
Agents shall reasonably deem necessary, (h)&nbsp;the fees and expenses of the transfer agent and registrar for the Common Stock,
(i)&nbsp;the filing and other fees incident to any review by FINRA of the terms of the sale of the Placement Shares including the
fees of the Agents&rsquo; counsel (subject to the cap, set forth in clause <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>(e) above),
and (j)&nbsp;the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">9.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Covenants of Agents</U>. Each Designated Agent represents and warrants that it is duly registered
as a broker-dealer under FINRA, the Exchange Act and the applicable statutes and regulations of each state in which the Placement
Shares will be offered and sold, except such states in which each Designated Agent is exempt from registration or such registration
is not otherwise required during the term of this Agreement. Each Designated Agent will comply in all material respects with all
applicable law and regulations, including the applicable rules of the Exchange and FINRA, in connection with the Placement Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">10.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Conditions to the Agents&rsquo; Obligations</U>. The obligations of the Agents hereunder with respect to a Placement
will be subject to the continuing accuracy and completeness of the representations and warranties made by the Company herein, to
the due performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder, to the completion by the Agents of a due diligence review satisfactory
to them in their reasonable judgment, and to the continuing satisfaction (or waiver by each Agent in its sole discretion) of the
following additional conditions:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Registration Statement Effective</U>. The Registration Statement shall have become effective and shall be available for
the sale of all Placement Shares contemplated to be issued by any Placement Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Material Notices</U>. None of the following events shall have occurred and be continuing: (i)&nbsp;receipt by the
Company of any request for additional information from the Commission or any other federal or state Governmental Authority during
the period of effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the response to which would require any post-effective amendments or
supplements to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus if such post-effective amendments or supplements have not been made
and become effective; (ii)&nbsp;the issuance by the Commission or any other federal or state Governmental Authority of any stop
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or the initiation of any proceedings for that purpose; (iii)&nbsp;receipt
by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of
the Placement Shares for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; or (iv)&nbsp;the
occurrence of any event that makes any material statement made in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any material
document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference untrue in any material respect or that requires the making
of any changes in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any material document incorporated or deemed to be incorporated
therein by reference so that, in the case of the Registration Statement, it will not contain an untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading
and, that in the case of the Prospectus, it will not contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Misstatement or Material Omission</U>. The Agents shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement
or Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, contains an untrue statement of fact that in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable
opinion is material, or omits to state a fact that in the Agents&rsquo; reasonable opinion is material and is required to be stated
therein or is necessary to make the statements therein not misleading.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Material Changes</U>. Except as contemplated in the Prospectus, or disclosed in the Company&rsquo;s reports filed with
the Commission, there shall not have been any material adverse change in the authorized capital stock of the Company or any Material
Adverse Effect or any development that would cause a Material Adverse Effect, or a downgrading in or withdrawal of the rating assigned
to any of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other than asset-backed securities) by any rating organization or a public announcement
by any rating organization that it has under surveillance or review its rating of any of the Company&rsquo;s securities (other
than asset backed securities), the effect of which, in the case of any such action by a rating organization described above, in
the reasonable judgment of the Agents (without relieving the Company of any obligation or liability it may otherwise have), is
so material as to make it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering of the Placement Shares on the terms and in
the manner contemplated in the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Legal Opinions</U>. The Agents shall have received the opinions of each Company Counsel required to be delivered pursuant
to <U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>7(m)</U> on or before the date on which such delivery of such opinions
is required pursuant to <U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>7(m)</U>. In addition, the Agents shall have received
from Davis Polk &amp; Wardwell LLP, counsel for the Agents, a 10b-5 statement on or before the date on which the delivery of the
Company Counsel legal opinions are required pursuant to Section 7(m).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(f)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Comfort Letter of Ernst &amp; Young LLP</U>. The Agents shall have received the Comfort Letter required to be delivered
pursuant to <U>Section </U>&lrm;<U>7(n)</U> on or before the date on which such delivery of such Comfort Letter is required pursuant
to <U>Section </U>&lrm;<U>7(n)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(g)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Comfort Letter of BDO USA, LLP</U>. The Agents shall have received the comfort letter required to be delivered pursuant
to <U>Section </U>&lrm;<U>7(o)</U> on or before the date on which such delivery of such letter is required pursuant to <U>Section
</U>&lrm;<U>7(o)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(h)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representation Certificate</U>. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to <U>Section
&lrm;7(l)</U> on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Secretary&rsquo;s Certificate</U>. The Agents shall have received the certificate required to be delivered pursuant to
<U>Section &lrm;7(u)</U> on or before the date on which delivery of such certificate is required pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;7(u)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(j)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Suspension</U>. Trading in the Common Stock shall not have been suspended on the Exchange and the Common Stock shall
not have been delisted from the Exchange.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(k)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Other Materials</U>. On each date on which the Company is required to deliver a certificate pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;7(l)</U>,
the Company shall have furnished to the Agents such appropriate further information, opinions, certificates, letters and other
documents as the Agents may reasonably request and which are customarily furnished by an issuer of securities in connection with
a securities offering. All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(l)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Securities Act Filings Made</U>. All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have
been filed prior to the issuance of any Placement Notice hereunder shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed
for such filing by Rule 424.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(m)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Approval for Listing</U>. The Placement Shares shall either have been (i) approved for listing on the Exchange, subject
only to notice of issuance, or (ii) the Company shall have filed an application for listing of the Placement Shares on the Exchange
at, or prior to, the issuance of any Placement Notice and the Exchange shall have reviewed such application and not provided any
objections thereto.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(n)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>FINRA</U>. If applicable, FINRA shall have raised no objection to the terms of this offering and the amount of compensation
allowable or payable to the Agents as described in the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(o)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>No Termination Event</U>. There shall not have occurred any event that would permit the Agents to terminate this Agreement
pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;13(a)</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">11.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Indemnification and Contribution</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Company Indemnification</U>. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Agent, their respective affiliates
and their respective partners, members, directors, officers, employees and agents and each person, if any, who controls the applicable
Agent or any affiliate within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(i)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, arising out of
or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement (or any
amendment thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary
to make the statements therein not misleading, or arising out of any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material
fact included in any related Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the
omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(ii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>against any and all loss, liability, claim, damage and expense whatsoever, as incurred, joint or several, to the extent
of the aggregate amount paid in settlement of any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority,
commenced or threatened, or of any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue
statement or omission; <I>provided</I> that (subject to <U>Section&nbsp;&lrm;11(d)</U> below) any such settlement is effected with
the written consent of the Company, which consent shall not unreasonably be delayed or withheld; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(iii)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>against any and all expense whatsoever, as incurred (including the fees and disbursements of counsel), reasonably incurred
in investigating, preparing or defending against any litigation, or any investigation or proceeding by any Governmental Authority,
commenced or threatened, or any claim whatsoever based upon any such untrue statement or omission, or any such alleged untrue statement
or omission (whether or not a party), to the extent that any such expense is not paid under &lrm;(i)&nbsp;or &lrm;(ii)&nbsp;above,
<I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that this indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, liability, claim, damage or expense
to the extent arising out of any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made solely in reliance upon
and in conformity with the Agent Information (as defined below).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Agent Indemnification</U>. Each Agent agrees, severally but not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and
its directors and each officer and director of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who
controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act against any and all
loss, liability, claim, damage and expense described in the indemnity contained in <U>Section &lrm;11(a)</U>, as incurred, but
only with respect to untrue statements or omissions, or alleged untrue statements or omissions, made in the Registration Statement
(or any amendments thereto), the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or
any amendment or supplement thereto) in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to such Agent and furnished to
the Company in writing by such Agent expressly for use therein. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that
the Agents have furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are the statements set forth in the seventh and eighth paragraphs under the
caption &ldquo;Plan of Distribution&rdquo; in the Prospectus (the &ldquo;<B><U>Agent Information</U></B>&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Procedure</U>. Any party that proposes to assert the right to be indemnified under this <U>Section &lrm;11</U> will,
promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim is to be made against
an indemnifying party or parties under this <U>Section &lrm;11</U>, notify each such indemnifying party of the commencement of
such action, enclosing a copy of all papers served, but the omission so to notify such indemnifying party will not relieve the
indemnifying party from (i)&nbsp;any liability that it might have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this <U>Section
&lrm;11</U> and (ii)&nbsp;any liability that it may have to any indemnified party under the foregoing provision of this <U>Section
&lrm;11</U> unless, and only to the extent that, such omission results in the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses by the
indemnifying party. If any such action is brought against any indemnified party and it notifies the indemnifying party of its commencement,
the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in and, to the extent that it elects by delivering written notice to the
indemnified party promptly after receiving notice of the commencement of the action from the indemnified party, jointly with any
other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of the action, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified
party, and after notice from the indemnifying party to the indemnified party of its election to assume the defense, the indemnifying
party will not be liable to the indemnified party for any legal or other expenses except as provided below and except for the reasonable
costs of investigation subsequently incurred by the indemnified party in connection with the defense. The indemnified party will
have the right to employ its own counsel in any such action, but the fees, expenses and other charges of such counsel will be at
the expense of such indemnified party unless (A)&nbsp;the employment of counsel by the indemnified party has been authorized in
writing by the indemnifying party, (B)&nbsp;the indemnified party has reasonably concluded (based on advice of counsel) that there
may be legal defenses available to it or other indemnified parties that are different from or in addition to those available to
the indemnifying party, (C)&nbsp;a conflict or potential conflict exists (based on advice of counsel to the indemnified party)
between the indemnified party and the indemnifying party (in which case the indemnifying party will not have the right to direct
the defense of such action on behalf of the indemnified party) or (D)&nbsp;the indemnifying party has not in fact employed counsel
to assume the defense of such action or counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party, in each case, within a reasonable
time after receiving notice of the commencement of the action; in each of which cases the reasonable fees, disbursements and other
charges of counsel will be at the expense of the indemnifying party or parties. It is understood that the indemnifying party or
parties shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the reasonable
fees, disbursements and other charges of more than one separate firm (plus local counsel) admitted to practice in such jurisdiction
at any one time for all such indemnified party or parties. All such fees, disbursements and other charges will be reimbursed by
the indemnifying party after the indemnifying party receives a written notice relating to the fees, disbursements and other charges
in reasonable detail. An indemnifying party will not, in any event, be liable for any settlement of any action or claim effected
without its written consent, if such consent is required by this <U>Section &lrm;11</U>. No indemnifying party shall, without the
prior written consent of each indemnified party, settle or compromise or consent to the entry of any judgment in any pending or
threatened claim, action or proceeding relating to the matters contemplated by this <U>Section &lrm;11</U> (whether or not any
indemnified party is a party thereto), unless such settlement, compromise or consent (1)&nbsp;includes an express and unconditional
release of each indemnified party, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party, from all liability
arising out of such litigation, investigation, proceeding or claim and (2)&nbsp;does not include a statement as to or an admission
of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any indemnified party.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Settlement Without Consent if Failure to Reimburse</U><I>.</I> If an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying
party to reimburse the indemnified party for reasonable fees and expenses of counsel, such indemnifying party agrees that it shall
be liable for any settlement of the nature contemplated by <U>Section&nbsp;&lrm;11(a)(ii)</U> effected without its written consent
if (i)&nbsp;such settlement is entered into more than 45 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request,
(ii)&nbsp;such indemnifying party shall have received notice of the terms of such settlement at least 30 days prior to such settlement
being entered into and (iii)&nbsp;such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed such indemnified party in accordance with such
request prior to the date of such settlement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Contribution</U>. In order to provide for just and equitable contribution in circumstances in which the indemnification
provided for in the foregoing paragraphs of this <U>Section &lrm;11</U> is applicable in accordance with its terms but for any
reason is held to be unavailable or insufficient from the Company or an Agent, the Company and such Agent will contribute to the
total losses, claims, liabilities, expenses and damages (including any investigative, legal and other expenses reasonably incurred
in connection with, and any amount paid in settlement of, any action, suit or proceeding or any claim asserted) to which the Company
and the Agents may be subject in such proportion as shall be appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company
on the one hand and the Agents on the other hand. The relative benefits received by the Company on the one hand and the Agents
on the other hand shall be deemed to be in the same proportion as the total net proceeds from the sale of the Placement Shares
(before deducting expenses) received by the Company bear to the total compensation received by the Agents from the sale of Placement
Shares (before deducted expenses) on behalf of the Company. If, but only if, the allocation provided by the foregoing sentence
is not permitted by applicable law, the allocation of contribution shall be made in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect
not only the relative benefits referred to in the foregoing sentence but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand,
and such Agent, on the other hand, with respect to the statements or omission that resulted in such loss, claim, liability, expense
or damage, or action in respect thereof, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations with respect to such offering.
Such relative fault shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of
a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or such
Agent, the intent of the parties and their relative knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such
statement or omission. The Company and each Agent agree that it would not be just and equitable if contributions pursuant to this
<U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U> were to be determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take
into account the equitable considerations referred to herein. The amount paid or payable by an indemnified party as a result of
the loss, claim, liability, expense, or damage, or action in respect thereof, referred to above in this <U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U>
shall be deemed to include, for the purpose of this <U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U>, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred
by such indemnified party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim to the extent consistent with
<U>Section &lrm;11(c)</U> hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this <U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U>, no Agent shall be
required to contribute any amount in excess of the commissions received by such Agent under this Agreement and no person found
guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of <U>Section 11(f)</U> of the Securities Act) will be entitled to contribution
from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. For purposes of this <U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U>, any person
who controls a party to this Agreement within the meaning of the Securities Act, any affiliates of an Agent and any officers, directors,
partners, employees or agents of an Agent or any of its affiliates, will have the same rights to contribution as that party, and
each director of the Company and each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement will have the same rights to
contribution as the Company, subject in each case to the provisions hereof. Any party entitled to contribution, promptly after
receipt of notice of commencement of any action against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made under
this <U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U>, will notify any such party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to
so notify will not relieve that party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any other obligation it or they may
have under this <U>Section &lrm;11(e)</U> except to the extent that the failure to so notify such other party materially prejudiced
the substantive rights or defenses of the party from whom contribution is sought. Except for a settlement entered into pursuant
to the last sentence of <U>Section &lrm;11(c)</U> hereof, no party will be liable for contribution with respect to any action or
claim settled without its written consent if such consent is required pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;11(c)</U> hereof. The Agents&rsquo;
respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this <U>Section &lrm;11(d)</U> are several in proportion to the respective number
of Placement Shares they have sold hereunder, and not joint.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">12.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery</U>. The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in <U>Section
&lrm;11</U> of this Agreement and all representations and warranties of the Company herein or in certificates delivered pursuant
hereto shall survive, as of their respective dates, regardless of (a)&nbsp;any investigation made by or on behalf of any Agent,
any controlling persons, or the Company (or any of their respective officers, directors, employees or controlling persons), (b)&nbsp;delivery
and acceptance of the Placement Shares and payment therefor or (c)&nbsp;any termination of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">13.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Termination</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Each of the Agents may terminate this Agreement, with respect to its rights and obligations under this Agreement, by notice
to the Company, as hereinafter specified at any time (i)&nbsp;if there has been, since the time of execution of this Agreement
or since the date as of which information is given in the Prospectus, any change, or any development or event involving a prospective
change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the business, properties, earnings, results of operations or prospects
of the Company and its Subsidiaries considered as one enterprise, whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business, which
individually or in the aggregate, in the sole judgment of such Agent is material and adverse and makes it impractical or inadvisable
to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (ii)&nbsp;if there has occurred any
material adverse change in the financial markets in the United States or the international financial markets, any outbreak of hostilities
or escalation thereof or other calamity or crisis or any change or development involving a prospective change in national or international
political, financial or economic conditions, in each case the effect of which is such as to make it, in the judgment of such Agent,
impracticable or inadvisable to market the Placement Shares or to enforce contracts for the sale of the Placement Shares, (iii)&nbsp;if
trading in the Common Stock has been suspended or limited by the Commission or the Exchange, or if trading generally on the Exchange
has been suspended or limited, or minimum prices for trading have been fixed on the Exchange, (iv) if any suspension of trading
of any securities of the Company on any exchange or in the over-the-counter market shall have occurred and be continuing, (v) if
a major disruption of securities settlements or clearance services in the United States shall have occurred and be continuing,
or (vi)&nbsp;if a banking moratorium has been declared by either U.S. Federal or New York authorities. Any such termination shall
be without liability of any party to any other party except that the provisions of <U>Section &lrm;8</U> (Payment of Expenses),
<U>Section &lrm;11</U> (Indemnification and Contribution), <U>Section &lrm;12</U> (Representations and Agreements to Survive Delivery),
<U>Section &lrm;18</U> (Governing Law and Time; Waiver of Jury Trial) and <U>Section &lrm;19</U> (Consent to Jurisdiction) hereof
shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. If such Agent elect to terminate this Agreement as provided
in this <U>Section &lrm;13(a)</U>, such Agent shall provide the required notice as specified in <U>Section &lrm;14</U> (Notices).
For the avoidance of doubt, the termination by one Agent of its rights and obligations under this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section
&lrm;13(a)</U> shall not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agent under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt,
the termination by one Agent of its rights and obligations under this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section &lrm;13(a)</U> shall
not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agent under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>The Company shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days&rsquo; notice (or three (3) days&rsquo; notice at any time when
no Placement Notice is in effect) as hereinafter specified to terminate this Agreement with respect to one or both Agents in its
sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability of any party to any
other relevant party except that the provisions of <U>Section &lrm;8</U>, <U>Section &lrm;11</U>, <U>Section &lrm;12</U>, <U>Section
&lrm;18</U> and <U>Section &lrm;19</U> hereof shall remain in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. For the avoidance
of doubt, the termination by the Company of this Agreement with respect to one Agent pursuant to this <U>Section &lrm;13(a)</U>
shall not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agent under this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Each of the Agents shall have the right, by giving ten (10) days&rsquo; notice as hereinafter specified to terminate this
Agreement in its sole discretion at any time after the date of this Agreement. Any such termination shall be without liability
of any party to any relevant other party except that the provisions of <U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>8</U>,
<U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>11</U>, <U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>12</U>, <U>Section
<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>18</U> and <U>Section <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&lrm;</FONT>19</U> hereof shall remain
in full force and effect notwithstanding such termination. For the avoidance of doubt, the termination by one Agent of its rights
and obligations under this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section &lrm;13(c)</U> shall not affect the rights and obligations of
the other Agent under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the termination by one Agent of its rights and obligations under
this Agreement pursuant to this <U>Section &lrm;13(a)</U> shall not affect the rights and obligations of the other Agent under
this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>This Agreement shall remain in full force and effect unless terminated pursuant to <U>Sections &lrm;13(a)</U>, <U>&lrm;(b)</U>,
or &lrm;<U>(c)</U> above or otherwise by mutual agreement of the parties; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that any such termination
by mutual agreement shall in all cases be deemed to provide that <U>Section &lrm;8</U>, <U>Section &lrm;11</U>, <U>Section &lrm;12</U>,
<U>Section &lrm;18</U> and <U>Section &lrm;19</U> shall remain in full force and effect.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Any termination of this Agreement shall be effective on the date specified in such notice of termination; provided, <I>however</I>,
that such termination shall not be effective until the close of business on the date of receipt of such notice by the Agents or
the Company, as the case may be. If such termination shall occur prior to the Settlement Date for any sale of Placement Shares,
such Placement Shares shall settle in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">14.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Notices</U>. All notices or other communications required or permitted to be given by any party to any other party pursuant
to the terms of this Agreement shall be in writing, unless otherwise specified, and if sent to the Agents, shall be delivered to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">Cantor Fitzgerald
&amp; Co.<BR>
499 Park Avenue<BR>
New York, NY 10022<BR>
Attention:&#9;Capital Markets<BR>
Facsimile:&#9;(212) 307-3730</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">and:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">Cantor Fitzgerald
&amp; Co.<BR>
499 Park Avenue<BR>
New York, NY 10022<BR>
Attention:&#9;General Counsel<BR>
Facsimile:&#9;(212) 829-4708</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">and:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">RBC Capital Markets,
LLC<BR>
200 Vesey Street<BR>
New York, NY 10281<BR>
Attention:&#9;Equity Syndicate<BR>
Facsimile:&#9;(212) 428-7479</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">with a copy to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">Davis Polk
&amp; Wardwell LLP<BR>
450 Lexington Avenue<BR>
New York, NY 10017<BR>
Attention:&#9;Richard D. Truesdell, Jr.<BR>
Attention:&#9;Yasin Keshvargar<BR>
Facsimile:&#9;(212) 701-5800</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">and if to the
Company, shall be delivered to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left">PTC Therapeutics,
Inc.<BR>
100 Corporate Court<BR>
South Plainfield, NJ 07080<BR>
Attention: &#9;Chief Legal Officer<BR>
Facsimile: &#9;(908) 222-1128</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">with a copy
to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">Wilmer Cutler Pickering
Hale and Dorr LLP<BR>
250 Greenwich Street<BR>
New York, NY 10007<BR>
Attention:&#9;Brian A. Johnson<BR>
Facsimile:&#9;(212) 230-8888</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Each party to this Agreement
may change such address for notices by sending to the parties to this Agreement written notice of a new address for such purpose.
Each such notice or other communication shall be deemed given (i)&nbsp;when delivered personally or by verifiable facsimile transmission
(with an original to follow) on or before 4:30&nbsp;p.m., New York City time, on a Business Day or, if such day is not a Business
Day, on the next succeeding Business Day, (ii)&nbsp;on the next Business Day after timely delivery to a nationally-recognized overnight
courier and (iii)&nbsp;on the Business Day actually received if deposited in the U.S. mail (certified or registered mail, return
receipt requested, postage prepaid). For purposes of this Agreement, &ldquo;<B><U>Business Day</U></B>&rdquo; shall mean any day
on which the Exchange and commercial banks in the City of New York are open for business.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">An electronic communication
(&ldquo;<B><U>Electronic Notice</U></B>&rdquo;) shall be deemed written notice for purposes of this <U>Section &lrm;14</U> if sent
to the electronic mail address specified by the receiving party under separate cover. Electronic Notice shall be deemed received
at the time the party sending Electronic Notice receives verification of receipt by the receiving party. Any party receiving Electronic
Notice may request and shall be entitled to receive the notice on paper, in a nonelectronic form (&ldquo;<B><U>Nonelectronic Notice</U></B>&rdquo;)
which shall be sent to the requesting party within ten (10) days of receipt of the written request for Nonelectronic Notice.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">15.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Successors and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Company and each Agent
and their respective successors and the parties referred to in <U>Section &lrm;11</U> hereof. References to any of the parties
contained in this Agreement shall be deemed to include the successors and permitted assigns of such party. Nothing in this Agreement,
express or implied, is intended to confer upon any party other than the parties hereto or their respective successors and permitted
assigns any rights, remedies, obligations or liabilities under or by reason of this Agreement, except as expressly provided in
this Agreement. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the
other party; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>, that each Agent may assign its rights and obligations hereunder to an affiliate of
such Agent without obtaining the Company&rsquo;s consent so long as such affiliate is a registered broker dealer and Agent provides
advance notice of such assignment to the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">16.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Adjustments for Stock Splits</U>. The parties acknowledge and agree that all share-related numbers contained in this
Agreement shall be adjusted to take into account any stock split or consolidation, stock dividend or similar event effected with
respect to the Placement Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">17.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Entire Agreement; Amendment; Severability; Waiver</U>. This Agreement (including all schedules and exhibits attached
hereto and Placement Notices issued pursuant hereto) constitutes the entire agreement and supersedes all other prior and contemporaneous
agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, among the parties hereto with regard to the subject matter hereof. Neither
this Agreement nor any term hereof may be amended except pursuant to a written instrument executed by the Company and each Agent.
In the event that any one or more of the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance, is held invalid,
illegal or unenforceable as written by a court of competent jurisdiction, then such provision shall be given full force and effect
to the fullest possible extent that it is valid, legal and enforceable, and the remainder of the terms and provisions herein shall
be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable term or provision was not contained herein, but only to the extent that
giving effect to such provision and the remainder of the terms and provisions hereof shall be in accordance with the intent of
the parties as reflected in this Agreement. No implied waiver by a party shall arise in the absence of a waiver in writing signed
by such party. No failure or delay in exercising any right, power, or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor
shall any single or partial exercise thereof preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any right, power,
or privilege hereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">18.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><B><U>GOVERNING LAW AND TIME; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL</U>. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE
WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAWS. SPECIFIED TIMES OF DAY REFER TO NEW
YORK CITY TIME. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY AND ALL RIGHT TO TRIAL
BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">19.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><B><U>CONSENT TO JURISDICTION</U>. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION OF THE STATE AND
FEDERAL COURTS SITTING IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN, FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION
WITH ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY, AND HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, AND AGREES NOT TO ASSERT IN ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING,
ANY CLAIM THAT IT IS NOT PERSONALLY SUBJECT TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY SUCH COURT, THAT SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS BROUGHT
IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM OR THAT THE VENUE OF SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING IS IMPROPER. EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES
PERSONAL SERVICE OF PROCESS AND CONSENTS TO PROCESS BEING SERVED IN ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BY MAILING A COPY THEREOF
(CERTIFIED OR REGISTERED MAIL, RETURN RECEIPT REQUESTED) TO SUCH PARTY AT THE ADDRESS IN EFFECT FOR NOTICES TO IT UNDER THIS AGREEMENT
AND AGREES THAT SUCH SERVICE SHALL CONSTITUTE GOOD AND SUFFICIENT SERVICE OF PROCESS AND NOTICE THEREOF. NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN
SHALL BE DEEMED TO LIMIT IN ANY WAY ANY RIGHT TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY MANNER PERMITTED BY LAW.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">20.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Counterparts</U>. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original,
but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Delivery of an executed Agreement by one party to the other
may be made by facsimile or electronic transmission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">21.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Construction</U>. The section and exhibit&nbsp;headings herein are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction
hereof. References herein to any law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority
shall be deemed to refer to such law, statute, ordinance, code, regulation, rule or other requirement of any Governmental Authority
as amended, reenacted, supplemented or superseded in whole or in part and in effect from time to time and also to all rules and
regulations promulgated thereunder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">22.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Permitted Free Writing Prospectuses</U>. The Company represents, warrants and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior
written consent of the Agents, which shall not be unreasonably conditioned, delayed or withheld, and the Agents represent, warrant
and agree that, unless they obtain the prior written consent of the Company, which shall not be unreasonably conditioned, delayed
or withheld, they have not made and will not make any offer relating to the Placement Shares that would constitute an Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus, or that would otherwise constitute a &ldquo;free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;405, required
to be filed with the Commission. Any such free writing prospectus consented to by the Agents or by the Company, as the case may
be, is hereinafter referred to as a &ldquo;Permitted Free Writing Prospectus.&rdquo; The Company represents and warrants that it
has treated and agrees that it will treat each Permitted Free Writing Prospectus as an &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo;
as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, and has complied and will comply with the requirements of Rule&nbsp;433 applicable to any Permitted
Free Writing Prospectus, including timely filing with the Commission where required, legending and record keeping. For the avoidance
of doubt, the parties hereto agree that all free writing prospectuses, if any, listed in <U>Exhibit&nbsp;21</U> hereto are Permitted
Free Writing Prospectuses.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">23.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Absence of Fiduciary Relationship</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(a)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>Each Agent is acting solely as agent in connection with the public offering of the Placement Shares and in connection with
each transaction contemplated by this Agreement and the process leading to such transactions, and no fiduciary or advisory relationship
between the Company or any of its affiliates, stockholders (or other equity holders), creditors or employees or any other party,
on the one hand, and the Agents, on the other hand, has been or will be created in respect of any of the transactions contemplated
by this Agreement, irrespective of whether or not the such Agent has advised or are advising the Company on other matters, and
no Agent has any no obligation to the Company with respect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement except the obligations
expressly set forth in this Agreement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(b)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>it is capable of evaluating and understanding, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(c)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>neither the Agents nor their respective affiliates have provided any legal, accounting, regulatory or tax advice with respect
to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and it has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors
to the extent it has deemed appropriate;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(d)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>it is aware that each Agent and its respective affiliates are engaged in a broad range of transactions which may involve
interests that differ from those of the Company, and such Agent and its respective affiliates have no obligation to disclose such
interests and transactions to the Company by virtue of any fiduciary, advisory or agency relationship or otherwise; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">(e)<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT>it waives, to the fullest extent permitted by law, any claims it may have against an Agent or its affiliates for breach
of fiduciary duty or alleged breach of fiduciary duty in connection with the sale of Placement Shares under this Agreement and
agrees that such Agent and its respective affiliates shall not have any liability (whether direct or indirect, in contract, tort
or otherwise) to it in respect of such a fiduciary duty claim or to any person asserting a fiduciary duty claim on its behalf or
in right of it or the Company, employees or creditors of the Company..</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">24.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
</FONT><U>Definitions</U>. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Applicable
Time</U></B>&rdquo; means (a) each Representation Date, (b) the time of each sale of any Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement
and (c) each Settlement Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Governmental
Authority</U></B>&rdquo; means (a) any federal, provincial, state, local, municipal, national or international government or governmental
authority, regulatory or administrative agency, governmental commission, department, board, bureau, agency or instrumentality,
court, tribunal, arbitrator or arbitral body (public or private); (b) any self-regulatory organization; or (c) any political subdivision
of any of the foregoing.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus</U></B>&rdquo; means any &ldquo;issuer free writing prospectus,&rdquo; as defined in Rule&nbsp;433, relating
to the Placement Shares that (a)&nbsp;is required to be filed with the Commission by the Company, (b)&nbsp;is a &ldquo;road show&rdquo;
that is a &ldquo;written communication&rdquo; within the meaning of Rule&nbsp;433(d)(8)(i) whether or not required to be filed
with the Commission, or (c)&nbsp;is exempt from filing pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433(d)(5)(i) because it contains a description of
the Placement Shares or of the offering that does not reflect the final terms, in each case in the form filed or required to be
filed with the Commission or, if not required to be filed, in the form retained in the Company&rsquo;s records pursuant to Rule
433(g) under the Securities Act Regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&ldquo;<B><U>Rule 164</U></B>,&rdquo;
&ldquo;<B><U>Rule 172</U></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><U>Rule 405</U></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><U>Rule 415</U></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><U>Rule
424</U></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><U>Rule&nbsp;424(b)</U></B>,&rdquo; &ldquo;<B><U>Rule&nbsp;430B</U></B>,&rdquo; and &ldquo;<B><U>Rule&nbsp;433</U></B>&rdquo;
refer to such rules under the Securities Act Regulations.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this
Agreement to financial statements and schedules and other information that is &ldquo;contained,&rdquo; &ldquo;included&rdquo; or
&ldquo;stated&rdquo; in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (and all other references of like import) shall be deemed
to mean and include all such financial statements and schedules and other information that is incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statement or the Prospectus, as the case may be. For purposes of clarity, any financial information that is furnished
(rather than filed) with the SEC by the Company shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement or
the Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">All references in this
Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement to any of the foregoing shall be deemed
to include the copy filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; all references in this Agreement to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus
(other than any Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses that, pursuant to Rule&nbsp;433, are not required to be filed with the Commission)
shall be deemed to include the copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to EDGAR; and all references in this Agreement to
&ldquo;supplements&rdquo; to the Prospectus shall include, without limitation, any supplements, &ldquo;wrappers&rdquo; or similar
materials prepared in connection with any offering, sale or private placement of any Placement Shares by the Agents outside of
the United States.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>[<I>Signature Page
Follows</I>]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">If the foregoing correctly
sets forth the understanding between the Company and the Agents, please so indicate in the space provided below for that purpose,
whereupon this letter shall constitute a binding agreement between the Company and the Agents.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 46%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC.</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Emily Hill</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Name: Emily Hill</FONT></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Title: Chief Financial Officer</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">ACCEPTED as of the date first-above written:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">CANTOR FITZGERALD &amp; CO.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By:</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Bala Murty</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left; width: 41%">Bala Murty</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; font-size: 10pt">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Chief Operating Officer, Investment Banking</TD></TR>
</TABLE>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">RBC CAPITAL MARKETS, LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; padding-bottom: 1pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt">By:</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; padding-bottom: 1pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Lorenzo Paoletti</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left">Lorenzo Paoletti</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 5%">Title:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: left; width: 41%">Managing Director</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Schedule
1</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Form of Placement Notice</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in; text-align: left">From:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">PTC Therapeutics, Inc.</TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in; text-align: left">To:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[Designated Agent] (the &ldquo;<B><U>Designated Agent</U></B>&rdquo;)<BR>
Attention: [&bull;]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in; text-align: left">Subject:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">Placement Notice</TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in; text-align: left">Date:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&bull;], 20[&bull;]</TD>
</TR></TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Ladies and Gentlemen:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the terms
and subject to the conditions contained in the Sales Agreement between PTC Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<B><U>Company</U></B>&rdquo;),
and Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, dated August 7, 2019, the Company hereby requests that the Designated
Agent sell up to [&bull;] of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, par value $0.001 per share, at a minimum market price of $[&bull;]
per share, during the time period beginning [month, day, time] and ending [month, day, time].</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>


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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Schedule
2</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">Compensation</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company shall pay
to the Designated Agent in cash, upon each sale of Placement Shares pursuant to this Agreement, an amount up to 3.0% of the aggregate
gross proceeds from each sale of Placement Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>


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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Schedule
3</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>Notice Parties</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><U>The Company</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Emily Hill</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Mark Boulding</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in"><U>Cantor Fitzgerald
&amp; Co.</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">Sameer Vasudev</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">With copies to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"><U>RBC Capital Markets, LLC</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Equity Syndicate </P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Schedule
4</FONT>&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">Subsidiaries</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1
of the Company&rsquo;s most recently filed Form 10-K.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>Form of Representation
Date Certificate Pursuant to Section </B>&lrm;<B>7(l)</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The undersigned,
the duly qualified and elected [&#9679;] of PTC Therapeutics, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;<U>Company</U>&rdquo;),
does hereby certify in such capacity and on behalf of the Company, pursuant to <U>Section &lrm;</U></FONT><U>7(l)</U> <FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">of
the Sales Agreement, dated August 7, 2019 (the &ldquo;<U>Sales Agreement</U>&rdquo;), among the Company, Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp;
Co. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC, that to the knowledge of the undersigned:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">1.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
representations and warranties of the Company in <U>Section&nbsp;&lrm;6</U> of the Sales Agreement are true and correct on and
as of the date hereof with the same force and effect as if expressly made on and as of the date hereof, except for those representations
and warranties that speak solely as of a specific date and which were true and correct as of such date; <I>provided</I>, <I>however</I>,
that such representations and warranties also shall be qualified by the disclosure included or incorporated by reference in the
Registration Statement and Prospectus.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">2.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The
Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied pursuant to the
Sales Agreement at or prior to the date hereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">3.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;No
order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement is in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to
Section 8A under the Securities Act is pending before or threatened by the Commission; and the Prospectus was timely filed with
the Commission under the Securities Act and in accordance with the Sales Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Capitalized terms used
herein without definition shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Sales Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: justify">PTC Therapeutics, Inc.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 2%">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify; width: 48%; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Name:</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; text-align: justify">Title:</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">Date: [&bull;]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in"><B><U>Exhibit 21</U></B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in"><B>Permitted Free Writing
Prospectus</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">None.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: left; text-indent: 0in">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tv526852_ex5-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 5.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin-top: 0; text-align: right; margin-bottom: 0"><B>Exhibit 5.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0; text-align: right"><IMG SRC="tv526852_img001.jpg" ALT=""></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">+1 212 230 8800 (t)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">+1 212 230 8888 (f)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right">wilmerhale.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: left">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August 7, 2019</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PTC Therapeutics, Inc.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">100 Corporate Court</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">South Plainfield, New Jersey 07080</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 0.5in; text-align: left">Re:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: -0.125in; text-indent: -0.125in"><U>Prospectus Supplement to Registration Statement on
Form&nbsp;S-3</U></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Ladies and Gentlemen:&#9;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">This opinion is being furnished to you in connection with (i)&nbsp;the
Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (File No.&nbsp;333-220151) (the &ldquo;Registration Statement&rdquo;) filed by PTC Therapeutics,&nbsp;Inc.,
a Delaware corporation (the &ldquo;Company&rdquo;), with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;Commission&rdquo;)
for the purpose of registering with the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &ldquo;Securities Act&rdquo;),
shares of the Company&rsquo;s common stock, $0.001 par value per share (the &ldquo;Common Stock&rdquo;), which may be issued from
time to time on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415 under the Securities Act at an indeterminate initial offering
price, as set forth in the Registration Statement and the prospectus contained therein; and (ii)&nbsp;the prospectus supplement,
dated August 7, 2019, relating to the issuance and sale from time to time by the Company of shares of Common Stock with an
aggregate offering price of up to $125,000,000 (the &ldquo;Shares&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The Shares are to be issued and sold by the Company pursuant
to <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">an At the Market Offering Sales Agreement, dated August 7, 2019, among the Company,
Cantor Fitzgerald &amp; Co. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC (the &ldquo;Sales Agreement&rdquo;). The Sales Agreement is being filed
with the Commission as Exhibit 1.1 to the Company&rsquo;s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on the date hereof. </FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We are acting as counsel for the Company in connection with
the issue and sale by the Company of the Shares pursuant to the Sales Agreement.&nbsp; We have examined a signed copy of the Registration
Statement and a copy of the Prospectus Supplement, each as filed with the Commission.&nbsp; We have also examined and relied upon
the Sales Agreement, records of meetings of the Board of Directors of the Company, including committees thereof, and the stockholders
of the Company as provided to us by the Company, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation and the Amended and Restated By-Laws
of the Company, certificates of representatives of the Company and such other documents as we have deemed necessary for purposes
of rendering the opinion hereinafter set forth.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In our examination of the documents described above,
we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all individual signatories, the authenticity of all documents
submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies, the authenticity
of the originals of such latter documents and the completeness and accuracy of the corporate minute books of the Company provided
to us by the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 1; Options: NewSection; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><IMG SRC="tv526852_img001.jpg" ALT="                                                                                         "></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PTC Therapeutics, Inc.</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August 7, 2019</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page <!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->2<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We express no opinion herein as to the laws of any state
or jurisdiction other than the State of New York, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware and the federal laws of
the United States of America. We also express no opinion herein with respect to compliance by the Company with securities or &ldquo;blue
sky&rdquo; laws of any state or other jurisdiction of the United States or of any foreign jurisdiction. In addition, we express
no opinion and make no statement herein with respect to the antifraud laws of any jurisdiction.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Based upon and subject to the foregoing, we are of the opinion
that the Shares have been duly authorized for issuance and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms and conditions
of the Sales Agreement, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">It is understood that this opinion is to be used only in connection
with the offer and sale of the Shares while the Registration Statement is in effect.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Please note that we are opining only as to the matters expressly
set forth herein, and no opinion should be inferred as to any other matters.&nbsp; This opinion is based upon currently existing
statutes, rules, regulations and judicial decisions, and we disclaim any obligation to advise you of any change in any of these
sources of law or subsequent legal or factual developments which might affect any matters or opinions set forth herein.&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion in accordance
with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5)&nbsp;of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act with the Commission as an exhibit to the
Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K to be filed by the Company on the date hereof in connection with the issue and sale of the Shares
and to the use of our name in the Prospectus Supplement under the caption &ldquo;Legal Matters.&rdquo;&nbsp; In giving such consent,
we do not hereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities
Act or the rules&nbsp;and regulations of the Commission.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 2; Value: 2 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="page-break-before: always; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><IMG SRC="tv526852_img001.jpg" ALT="                                                                                         "></P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">PTC Therapeutics, Inc.</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">August 7, 2019</P><P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Page <!-- Field: Sequence; Type: Arabic; Name: PageNo -->3<!-- Field: /Sequence --></P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Very truly yours,</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase">Wilmer Cutler Pickering<BR>
Hale and Dorr LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-transform: uppercase">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; width: 100%"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">By:</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">/s/ Brian A. Johnson</TD>
                                     <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">&nbsp;</TD>
</TR>     <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 4%">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 46%">Brian A. Johnson, a Partner</TD>
                                        <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 23.75pt"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; margin-left: 0in; text-indent: 0in; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>ptct-20190807.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" ?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.0bc -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: http://www.novaworks.co -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Misc; Value: +K85w7xRiXgen8uNbXAsWa2CubPtzp5xOekhuWh/bRmqfyciJuLe8SmvERDGMcYK -->
<schema xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" xmlns:xbrldi="http://xbrl.org/2006/xbrldi" xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019-01-31" xmlns:us-gaap="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2019-01-31" xmlns:srt="http://fasb.org/srt/2019-01-31" xmlns:srt-types="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2019-01-31" xmlns:ptct="http://ptcbio.com/20190807" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://ptcbio.com/20190807">
    <annotation>
      <appinfo>
	<link:roleType roleURI="http://ptcbio.com/role/Cover" id="Cover">
	  <link:definition>00000001 - Document - Cover</link:definition>
	  <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
	</link:roleType>
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ptct-20190807_pre.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Presentation Links" />
	<link:linkbaseRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="ptct-20190807_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:title="Label Links" />
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    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-gaap/2019-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2019/elts/us-gaap-2019-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/us-types/2019-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/us-gaap/2019/elts/us-types-2019-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017-01-31" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/country/2017/country-2017-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt/2019-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2019/elts/srt-2019-01-31.xsd" />
    <import namespace="http://fasb.org/srt-types/2019-01-31" schemaLocation="http://xbrl.fasb.org/srt/2019/elts/srt-types-2019-01-31.xsd" />
</schema>
</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>ptct-20190807_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Generator; Value: GoFiler Complete; Version: 5.0bc -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: http://www.novaworks.co -->
    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: Status; Value: 0x00000000 -->
<link:linkbase xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
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    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodEndLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodEndLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedPeriodStartLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedPeriodStartLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTotalLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTotalLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedNetLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedNetLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/negated-2009-12-16.xsd#negatedTerseLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/negatedTerseLabel" />
    <link:roleRef xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://www.xbrl.org/lrr/role/net-2009-12-16.xsd#netLabel" roleURI="http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/netLabel" />
    <link:labelLink xlink:type="extended" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link">
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Type</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Amendment Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentDescription" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentDescription" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentDescription_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement" xlink:to="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentRegistrationStatement_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Registration Statement</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentAnnualReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentAnnualReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Annual Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentQuarterlyReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Quarterly Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentTransitionReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentTransitionReport_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Transition Report</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:label="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyReport_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentShellCompanyEventDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodStartDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period Start Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2019/dei-2019-01-31.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>ptct-20190807_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
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    <dei:EntityFileNumber contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">001-35969</dei:EntityFileNumber>
    <dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">04-3416587</dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber>
    <dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1 contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">100 Corporate Court</dei:EntityAddressAddressLine1>
    <dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">South Plainfield</dei:EntityAddressCityOrTown>
    <dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">NJ</dei:EntityAddressStateOrProvince>
    <dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">07080</dei:EntityAddressPostalZipCode>
    <dei:CityAreaCode contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">908</dei:CityAreaCode>
    <dei:LocalPhoneNumber contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">222-7000</dei:LocalPhoneNumber>
    <dei:WrittenCommunications contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">false</dei:WrittenCommunications>
    <dei:SolicitingMaterial contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">false</dei:SolicitingMaterial>
    <dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">false</dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer>
    <dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">false</dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer>
    <dei:Security12bTitle contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share</dei:Security12bTitle>
    <dei:TradingSymbol contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">PTCT</dei:TradingSymbol>
    <dei:SecurityExchangeName contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">NASDAQ</dei:SecurityExchangeName>
    <dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany contextRef="From2019-08-06to2019-08-07">false</dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany>
</xbrl>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.19.2</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idp6629214208">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Aug. 07, 2019</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Aug.  07,  2019<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-35969<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">PTC THERAPEUTICS, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001070081<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">04-3416587<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">100 Corporate Court<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">South Plainfield<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">NJ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">07080<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">908<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">222-7000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common
Stock, $0.001 par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">PTCT<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td>na</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
