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Debt | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Debt | 9. Debt Liability for sale of future royalties On July 17, 2020, the Company, RPI Intermediate Finance Trust (“RPI”), and, for the limited purposes set forth in the agreement, Royalty Pharma plc, entered into a royalty purchase agreement (the “Original Royalty Purchase Agreement”). Pursuant to the Original Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Company sold to RPI 42.933% (the “Original Assigned Royalty Rights”) of the Company’s right to receive sales-based royalty payments (the “Royalty”) on worldwide net sales of Evrysdi and any other product developed pursuant to the SMA License Agreement. In consideration for the sale of the Original Assigned Royalty Rights, RPI paid the Company $650.0 million in cash consideration. The Company retained a 57.067% interest in the Royalty and all economic rights to receive the remaining potential regulatory and sales milestone payments under the License Agreement, which remaining milestone payments equal $150.0 million in the aggregate as of December 31, 2024. The Original Royalty Purchase Agreement was set to terminate 60 days following the earlier of the date on which Roche is no longer obligated to make any payments of the Royalty pursuant to the SMA License Agreement and the date on which RPI has received $1.3 billion in respect of the Original Assigned Royalty Rights. Pursuant to the guidance in ASC 470-10-25-2, the Company determined that the $650.0 million cash consideration obtained pursuant to the Original Royalty Purchase Agreement should be classified as debt and recorded it as “liability for sale of future royalties-current” and “liability for sale of future royalties-noncurrent” on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet based on the timing of the expected payments to be made to RPI at the time of the transaction. The liability was subsequently amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the arrangement, in accordance with the respective guidance, utilizing the prospective method to account for subsequent changes in the estimated future payments to be made to RPI. On October 18, 2023, the Company, Royalty Pharma, and, for the limited purposes set forth in the agreement, Royalty Pharma plc, entered into an Amended and Restated Royalty Purchase Agreement (the “A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement”), which amends and restates in its entirety the Original Royalty Purchase Agreement. Pursuant to the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Company has sold or agreed to sell to Royalty Pharma certain portions of the Company’s remaining Royalty on worldwide net sales of Evrysdi and any other product (the “Products”) developed pursuant to the SMA License Agreement (all such retained Royalty rights of the Company, the “Retained Royalty Rights,” and all such Royalty rights that are sold to Royalty Pharma pursuant to the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement, the “A&R Assigned Royalty Rights”). At closing, Royalty Pharma paid the Company $1.0 billion in cash consideration for 38.0447% of the Company’s Retained Royalty Rights (which is in addition to the 42.9330% assigned to Royalty Pharma in connection with the Original Royalty Purchase Agreement, for a total of 80.9777% of the total Royalty) until such time as Royalty Pharma has received payments in respect of the Original Assigned Royalty Rights equal to $1.3 billion in the aggregate, and thereafter 66.6667% of the total Royalty. In addition, the Company may sell to Royalty Pharma the remainder of the Company’s Retained Royalty Rights in exchange for an aggregate of $500.0 million in additional cash consideration after the closing of the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement, less royalties received in respect of the Retained Royalty Rights put to Royalty Pharma, which will be payable by Royalty Pharma pursuant to five put options held by the Company that are exercisable at the Company’s option between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2025. If the Company exercises two or fewer of the put options, Royalty Pharma may exercise a call option during the period from and after January 1, 2026 until and including March 31, 2026 for up to 50% of the remainder of the Company’s Retained Royalty Rights less amounts exercised by the Company via its put options at a purchase price that is proportional to the purchase price of the Company’s unexercised put options. Royalty Pharma’s exercise of the call option would result in Royalty Pharma owning 90.4888% of the total Royalty until such time as Royalty Pharma has received payments in respect of the Original Assigned Royalty Rights equal to $1.3 billion in the aggregate, and thereafter 83.3333% of the total Royalty. The A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement will terminate 60 days following the date on which Roche is no longer obligated to make any payments of the Royalty pursuant to the SMA License Agreement. The change in rights and obligations from the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement resulted in a change in the terms of the liability for sale of future royalties, which was evaluated by the Company in accordance with ASC 470-50, Debt — Modifications and Extinguishments. The Company determined that the present value of the cash flows under the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement were substantially different from the present value of the cash flows under the Original Royalty Purchase Agreement. This resulted in the derecognition of the old liability for sale of future royalties and the new liability for sale of future royalties being recorded at fair value, which was determined to be $1,809.9 million as of the date of the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement. This resulted in an extinguishment loss of $44.9 million, which was recorded within loss on extinguishment of debt, within the Company’s statement of operations in the year ended December 31, 2023. The fair value for the new liability for sale of future royalties on the date of the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement was based on the Company’s estimates of future royalties expected to be paid to Royalty Pharma over the life of the arrangement, which was determined using forecasts from market data sources, which are considered Level 3 inputs. The liability is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the arrangement, in accordance with ASC 470 and ASC 835. The initial annual effective interest rate was determined to be 10.8%. The Company utilized the prospective method to account for subsequent changes in the estimated future payments to be made to Royalty Pharma and updates the effective interest rate on a quarterly basis. Issuance costs related to the transaction were determined to be immaterial. In June 2024, the Company, Royalty Pharma and Royalty Pharma plc, entered into an amendment to the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement. Under the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement, the Company exercised a put option in June 2024, resulting in the Company receiving $241.8 million in cash consideration. In connection with the put option exercise, the change in rights and obligations resulted in a change in the terms of the liability for sale of future royalties, which was evaluated by the Company in accordance with ASC 470-50, Debt —Modifications and Extinguishments. The Company determined that the present value of the cash flows after the put option exercise was not substantially different and was therefore determined to be a modification. The $241.8 million in cash consideration obtained was added to the liability for sale of future royalties and the annual effective interest rate under the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement was determined to be 9.9%. The liability is being amortized using the effective interest method over the life of the arrangement, in accordance with the respective guidance, utilizing the prospective method to account for subsequent changes in the estimated future payments to be made to Royalty Pharma and the Company updates the effective interest rate on a quarterly basis. To date, the Company has sold to Royalty Pharma a total of 90.49% of the Royalty, which will be reduced to 83.33% (the “Assigned Royalty Rights”) after Royalty Pharma receives $1.3 billion in aggregate payments (the “Assigned Royalty Cap”) from the Royalty assigned at the closing of the Original Purchase Agreement. In exchange for the Assigned Royalty Rights, Royalty Pharma has paid to the Company upfront cash consideration totaling $1.9 billion, less Royalty payments received by the Company with respect to the Assigned Royalty Rights. The Company currently retains 9.51% of the Royalty, which increases to 16.67% after the Assigned Royalty Cap has been met. The Company has the option under the A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement to sell its retained portions of the Royalty to Royalty Pharma in up to three tranches for the following payments: (1) $100.0 million in exchange for 3.81% of the Royalty, which increases to 6.67% after the Assigned Royalty Cap has been met, (2) $100.0 million in exchange for 3.81% of the Royalty, which increases to 6.67% after the Assigned Royalty Cap has been met, and (3) $50.0 million in exchange for 1.90% of the Royalty, which increases to 3.33% after the Assigned Royalty Cap has been met, in each case less Royalty payments received by the Company with respect to the Assigned Royalty Rights. The A&R Royalty Purchase Agreement will terminate 60 days following the date on which Roche is no longer obligated to make any payments of the Royalty pursuant to the License Agreement. The following table shows the activity within the “liability for sale of future royalties- current” and “liability for sale of future royalties- noncurrent” accounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2025: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ​
Liability for sale of future royalties- (current and noncurrent) | ​ | 2025 | ​
Beginning balance as of December 31, 2024 | ​ | $ | 2,081,776 | ​
Less: Non-cash royalty revenue payable to Royalty Pharma | ​ | ​ | (149,160) | ​
Plus: Non-cash interest expense recognized | ​ | ​ | 149,305 | ​
Ending balance | ​ | $ | 2,081,921 | ​
Effective interest rate as of September 30, 2025 | ​ |  | 9.3% | ​
​ Non-cash interest expense is recorded in the statement of operations within “Interest expense, net”. ​ 2026 Convertible Notes In September 2019, the Company issued the 2026 Convertible Notes, which included an option to purchase up to an additional $37.5 million in aggregate principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes, which was exercised in full by the initial purchasers. The 2026 Convertible Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 1.50% per year, payable semi-annually on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on March 15, 2020. The 2026 Convertible Notes will mature on September 15, 2026, unless earlier repurchased or converted. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $279.3 million after deducting the initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions and the offering expenses payable by the Company. The 2026 Convertible Notes are governed by an indenture (the “2026 Convertible Notes Indenture”) with U.S. Bank National Association as trustee (the “2026 Convertible Notes Trustee”). Holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes may convert their 2026 Convertible Notes at their option at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding March 15, 2026 only under the following circumstances:
| ● | during any calendar quarter commencing on or after December 31, 2019 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day;
| ● | during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the “measurement period”) in which the trading price (as defined in the 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture) per $1,000 principal amount of 2026 Convertible Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day;
| ● | during any period after the Company has issued notice of redemption until the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the relevant redemption date; or
| ● | upon the occurrence of specified corporate events.
On or after March 15, 2026, until the close of business on the business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert their 2026 Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or any combination thereof at the Company’s election. The conversion rate for the 2026 Convertible Notes was initially, and remains, 19.0404 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $52.52 per share of the Company’s common stock. The conversion rate may be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest. The Company was not permitted to redeem the 2026 Convertible Notes prior to September 20, 2023. The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2026 Convertible Notes, at its option, if the last reported sale price of its common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect on the last trading day of, and for at least 19 other trading days (whether or not consecutive) during, any 30 consecutive trading day period ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. No sinking fund is provided for the 2026 Convertible Notes, which means that the Company is not required to redeem or retire the 2026 Convertible Notes periodically. If the Company undergoes a “fundamental change” (as defined in the 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture), subject to certain conditions, holders of the 2026 Convertible Notes may require the Company to repurchase for cash all or part of their 2026 Convertible Notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2026 Convertible Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date. The 2026 Convertible Notes represent senior unsecured obligations and will rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the notes, equal in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated, effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness, and structurally subordinated to all existing and future indebtedness and other liabilities (including trade payables) incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries. The 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture contains customary events of default with respect to the 2026 Convertible Notes, including that upon certain events of default (including the Company’s failure to make any payment of principal or interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes when due and payable) occurring and continuing, the 2026 Convertible Notes Trustee by notice to the Company, or the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the outstanding 2026 Convertible Notes by notice to the Company and the Convertible Notes Trustee, may, and the 2026 Convertible Notes Trustee at the request of such holders (subject to the provisions of the 2026 Convertible Notes Indenture) shall, declare 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, on all the 2026 Convertible Notes to be due and payable. In case of certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, involving the Company or a significant subsidiary, 100% of the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on the 2026 Convertible Notes will automatically become due and payable. Upon such a declaration of acceleration, such principal and accrued and unpaid interest, if any, will be due and payable immediately. The 2026 Convertible Notes consist of the following: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | September 30, 2025 |  | December 31, 2024 | ​
Principal | ​ | $ | 287,500 | ​ | $ | 287,500 | ​
Less: Debt issuance costs | ​ |  | (1,181) | ​ |  | (2,088) | ​
Net carrying amount | ​ | $ | 286,319 | ​ | $ | 285,412 | ​
As of September 30, 2025, the remaining contractual life of the 2026 Convertible Notes is approximately 1.0 year. The 2026 Convertible Notes were reclassified from long-term debt to current portion of long-term debt on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2025. The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2026 Convertible Notes: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | Three Months Ended September 30, | ​ | ​ | Nine Months Ended September 30, | ​
​ |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024 |  | 2025 | ​ | 2024 | ​
Contractual interest expense | ​ | $ | 1,081 | ​ | $ | 1,081 | ​ | $ | 3,217 | ​ | $ | 3,224 | ​
Amortization of debt issuance costs | ​ |  | 306 | ​ | ​ | 300 | ​ | ​ | 906 | ​ | ​ | 891 | ​
Total | ​ | $ | 1,387 | ​ | $ | 1,381 | ​ | $ | 4,123 | ​ | $ | 4,115 | ​
Effective interest rate | ​ |  | 1.9 | % | ​ | 1.9 | % | ​ | 1.9 | % | ​ | 1.9 | %
​

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