Note 4. Securities

The following tables summarize the Company’s portfolio of securities available for sale at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:


	March 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE⁽¹⁾ certificates	$	7,748	$	—	$	445	$	7,303

Other Securities:
Municipal bonds	$	584	$	47	$	—	$	631
Capital trust notes		9,463		—		2,046		7,417
Preferred stock		17,842		44		50		17,836
Mutual funds and common stock ⁽²⁾		16,874		424		261		17,037

Total other securities	$	44,763	$	515	$	2,357	$	42,921

Total securities available for sale	$	52,511	$	515	$	2,802	$	50,224

(1)	Government-sponsored enterprise.

(2)	Primarily consists of mutual funds that are Community Reinvestment Act-qualified investments.


	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE certificates	$	7,786	$	—	$	460	$	7,326

Other Securities:
Municipal bonds	$	583	$	48	$	—	$	631
Capital trust notes		9,458		2		2,217		7,243
Preferred stock		70,866		1,446		328		71,984
Mutual funds and common stock		16,874		484		261		17,097

Total other securities	$	97,781	$	1,980	$	2,806	$	96,955

Total securities available for sale	$	105,567	$	1,980	$	3,266	$	104,281

The following tables summarize the Company’s portfolio of securities held to maturity at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016:


	March 31, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE certificates	$	2,170,706	$	2,170,706	$	70,183	$	1,078	$	2,239,811
GSE CMOs ⁽¹⁾		971,487		971,487		32,933		219		1,004,201

Total mortgage-related securities	$	3,142,193	$	3,142,193	$	103,116	$	1,297	$	3,244,012

Other Securities:
U. S. Treasury obligations	$	200,158	$	200,158	$	—	$	103	$	200,055
GSE debentures		88,387		88,387		3,565		—		91,952
Corporate bonds		74,337		74,337		11,079		—		85,416
Municipal bonds		71,297		71,297		533		1,474		70,356
Capital trust notes		74,291		65,732		2,722		10,196		58,258

Total other securities	$	508,470	$	499,911	$	17,899	$	11,773	$	506,037

Total securities held to maturity ⁽²⁾	$	3,650,663	$	3,642,104	$	121,015	$	13,070	$	3,750,049

(1)	Collateralized mortgage obligations.

(2)	Held-to-maturity securities are reported at a carrying amount equal to amortized cost less the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL. At March 31, 2017, the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL was $8.6 million (before taxes).


	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE certificates	$	2,193,489	$	2,193,489	$	64,431	$	2,399	$	2,255,521
GSE CMOs		1,019,074		1,019,074		36,895		57		1,055,912

Total mortgage-related securities	$	3,212,563	$	3,212,563	$	101,326	$	2,456	$	3,311,433

Other Securities:
U. S. Treasury obligations	$	200,293	$	200,293	$	—	$	73	$	200,220
GSE debentures		88,457		88,457		3,836		—		92,293
Corporate bonds		74,217		74,217		9,549		—		83,766
Municipal bonds		71,554		71,554		—		1,789		69,765
Capital trust notes		74,284		65,692		2,662		11,872		56,482

Total other securities	$	508,805	$	500,213	$	16,047	$	13,734	$	502,526

Total securities held to maturity ⁽¹⁾	$	3,721,368	$	3,712,776	$	117,373	$	16,190	$	3,813,959

(1)	Held-to-maturity securities are reported at a carrying amount equal to amortized cost less the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL. At December 31, 2016, the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL was $8.6 million (before taxes).

At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, the Company had $577.9 million and $590.9 million of FHLB-NY stock, at cost. The Company is required to maintain an investment in FHLB-NY stock in order to have access to the funding it provides.

The following table summarizes the gross proceeds, gross realized gains, and gross realized losses from the sale of available-for-sale securities during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016:


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands)	2017		2016
Gross proceeds	$	139,002	$	104,663
Gross realized gains		1,979		163

In the following table, the beginning balance represents the credit loss component for debt securities on which OTTI occurred prior to January 1, 2017. For credit-impaired debt securities, OTTI recognized in earnings after that date is presented as an addition in two components, based upon whether the current period is the first time a debt security was credit-impaired (initial credit impairment) or is not the first time a debt security was credit-impaired (subsequent credit impairment).


(in thousands)		For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
Beginning credit loss amount as of December 31, 2016		$	197,552
Add:	Initial other-than-temporary credit losses		—
	Subsequent other-than-temporary credit losses		—
	Amount previously recognized in AOCL		—
Less:	Realized losses for securities sold		—
	Securities intended or required to be sold		—
	Increase in cash flows on debt securities		99

Ending credit loss amount as of March 31, 2017		$	197,453

The following table summarizes, by contractual maturity, the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of held-to-maturity mortgage-backed securities and debt securities, and the amortized costs and estimated fair values of available-for-sale securities, at March 31, 2017:


	At March 31, 2017
(dollars in thousands)	Mortgage- Related Securities		Average Yield			U.S. Treasury and GSE Obligations		Average Yield			State, County, and Municipal		Average Yield ⁽¹⁾			Other Debt Securities ⁽²⁾		Average Yield			Fair Value
Held-to-Maturity Securities:
Due within one year	$	—		—	%	$	259,671		1.42	%	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%	$	261,164
Due from one to five years		699,621		3.57			6,950		3.84			—		—			48,158		3.40			788,750
Due from five to ten years		2,133,551		3.11			21,924		3.52			—		—			26,179		9.06			2,258,597
Due after ten years		309,021		2.98			—		—			71,297		2.88			65,732		4.78			441,538

Total securities held to maturity	$	3,142,193		3.20	%	$	288,545		1.64	%	$	71,297		2.88	%	$	140,069		5.10	%	$	3,750,049

Available-for-Sale Securities: ⁽³⁾
Due within one year	$	—		—	%	$	—		—	%	$	149		6.47	%	$	—		—	%	$	153
Due from one to five years		—		—			—		—			435		6.59			—		—			478
Due from five to ten years		7,748		1.90			—		—			—		—			—		—			7,303
Due after ten years		—		—			—		—			—		—			9,463		4.70			7,417

Total securities available for sale	$	7,748		1.90	%	$	—		—	%	$	584		6.56	%	$	9,463		4.70	%	$	15,351

(1)	Not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

(2)	Includes corporate bonds and capital trust notes.

(3)	As equity securities have no contractual maturity, they have been excluded from this table.

The following table presents held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities having a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or longer as of March 31, 2017:


At March 31, 2017	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Temporarily Impaired Held-to-Maturity Securities:
GSE certificates	$	236,364	$	1,078	$	—	$	—	$	236,364	$	1,078
GSE CMOs		65,374		219		—		—		65,374		219
U. S. Treasury obligations		200,055		103		—		—		200,055		103
Municipal bonds		46,654		1,474		—		—		46,654		1,474
Capital trust notes		24,701		300		26,346		9,896		51,047		10,196

Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities	$	573,148	$	3,174	$	26,346	$	9,896	$	599,494	$	13,070

Temporarily Impaired Available-for-Sale Securities:
GSE certificates	$	7,303	$	445	$	—	$	—	$	7,303	$	445
Capital trust notes		1,976		25		5,441		2,021		7,417		2,046
Equity securities		14,045		311		—		—		14,045		311

Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities	$	23,324	$	781	$	5,441	$	2,021	$	28,765	$	2,802


At December 31, 2016	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Temporarily Impaired Held-to-Maturity Securities:
GSE certificates	$	268,891	$	2,399	$	—	$	—	$	268,891	$	2,399
GSE CMOs		42,980		57		—		—		42,980		57
U. S. Treasury obligations		200,220		73		—		—		200,220		73
Municipal bonds		69,765		1,789		—		—		69,765		1,789
Capital trust notes		—		—		24,364		11,872		24,364		11,872

Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities	$	581,856	$	4,318	$	24,364	$	11,872	$	606,220	$	16,190

Temporarily Impaired Available-for-Sale Securities:
GSE certificates	$	7,326	$	460	$	—	$	—	$	7,326	$	460
Capital trust notes		—		—		5,241		2,217		5,241		2,217
Equity securities		29,059		589		—		—		29,059		589

Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities	$	36,385	$	1,049	$	5,241	$	2,217	$	41,626	$	3,266

An OTTI loss on impaired debt securities must be fully recognized in earnings if an investor has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that the investor will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. However, even if an investor does not expect to sell a debt security, it must evaluate the expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss has occurred. In the event that a credit loss occurs, only the amount of impairment associated with the credit loss is recognized in earnings. Amounts of impairment relating to factors other than credit losses are recorded in AOCL.

At March 31, 2017, the Company had unrealized losses on certain GSE mortgage-related securities, U.S. Treasury obligations, municipal bonds, capital trust notes, and equity securities.

The unrealized losses on the Company’s GSE mortgage-related securities, U.S. Treasury obligations, municipal bonds, and capital trust notes at March 31, 2017 were primarily caused by movements in market interest rates and spread volatility, rather than credit risk. These securities are not expected to be settled at a price that is less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment.

The Company reviews quarterly financial information related to its investments in capital trust notes, as well as other information that is released by each of the issuers of such notes, to determine their continued creditworthiness. The Company continues to monitor these investments and currently estimates that the present value of expected cash flows is not less than the amortized cost of the securities. It is possible that these securities will perform worse than is currently expected, which could lead to adverse changes in cash flows from these securities and potential OTTI losses in the future. Future events that could trigger material unrecoverable declines in the fair values of the Company’s investments, and thus result in potential OTTI losses, include, but are not limited to, government intervention; deteriorating asset quality and credit metrics; significantly higher levels of default and loan loss provisions; losses in value on the underlying collateral; net operating losses; and illiquidity in the financial markets.

The Company considers a decline in the fair value of equity securities to be other than temporary if the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. The unrealized losses on the Company’s equity securities at March 31, 2017 were caused by market volatility. The Company evaluated the near-term prospects of recovering the fair value of these securities, together with the severity and duration of impairment to date, and determined that they were not other-than-temporarily impaired. Nonetheless, it is possible that these equity securities will perform worse than is currently expected, which could lead to adverse changes in their fair value, or to the failure of the securities to fully recover in value as currently anticipated by management. Either event could cause the Company to record an OTTI loss in a future period. Events that could trigger a material decline in the fair value of these securities include, but are not limited to, deterioration in the equity markets; a decline in the quality of the loan portfolio of the issuer in which the Company has invested; and the recording of higher loan loss provisions and net operating losses by such issuer.

The investment securities designated as having a continuous loss position for twelve months or more at March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of five capital trust notes. At March 31, 2017, the fair value of securities having a continuous loss position for twelve months or more was 27.3% below the collective amortized cost of $43.7 million. At December 31, 2016, the fair value of such securities was 32.2% below the collective amortized cost of $43.7 million. At March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the combined market value of the respective securities represented unrealized losses of $11.9 million and $14.1 million, respectively.