Note 4. Securities

The following tables summarize the Company’s portfolio of securities available for sale at the dates indicated:


	June 30, 2017
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE ⁽¹⁾ certificates	$	1,941,943	$	61,714	$	1,014	$	2,002,643
GSE CMOs ⁽²⁾		598,229		23,376		—		621,605

Total mortgage-related securities	$	2,540,172	$	85,090	$	1,014	$	2,624,248

Other Securities:
U. S. Treasury obligations	$	200,021	$	—	$	29	$	199,992
GSE debentures		88,315		2,919		—		91,234
Corporate bonds		74,456		11,664		—		86,120
Municipal bonds		71,339		113		939		70,513
Capital trust notes		75,206		2,538		11,319		66,425
Preferred stock		15,293		142		—		15,435
Mutual funds and common stock ⁽³⁾		16,874		471		195		17,150

Total other securities	$	541,504	$	17,847	$	12,482	$	546,869

Total securities available for sale ⁽⁴⁾	$	3,081,676	$	102,937	$	13,496	$	3,171,117

(1)	Government-sponsored enterprise.

(2)	Collateralized mortgage obligations.

(3)	Primarily consists of mutual funds that are Community Reinvestment Act-qualified investments.

(4)	The amortized cost includes the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss (“AOCL”). At June 30, 2017, the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL was $8.6 million (before taxes).


	December 31, 2016
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE certificates	$	7,786	$	—	$	460	$	7,326

Other Securities:
Municipal bonds	$	583	$	48	$	—	$	631
Capital trust notes		9,458		2		2,217		7,243
Preferred stock		70,866		1,446		328		71,984
Mutual funds and common stock		16,874		484		261		17,097

Total other securities	$	97,781	$	1,980	$	2,806	$	96,955

Total securities available for sale	$	105,567	$	1,980	$	3,266	$	104,281

The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of securities held to maturity at December 31, 2016:


(in thousands)	Amortized Cost		Carrying Amount		Gross Unrealized Gain		Gross Unrealized Loss		Fair Value
Mortgage-Related Securities:
GSE certificates	$	2,193,489	$	2,193,489	$	64,431	$	2,399	$	2,255,521
GSE CMOs		1,019,074		1,019,074		36,895		57		1,055,912

Total mortgage-related securities	$	3,212,563	$	3,212,563	$	101,326	$	2,456	$	3,311,433

Other Securities:
U. S. Treasury obligations	$	200,293	$	200,293	$	—	$	73	$	200,220
GSE debentures		88,457		88,457		3,836		—		92,293
Corporate bonds		74,217		74,217		9,549		—		83,766
Municipal bonds		71,554		71,554		—		1,789		69,765
Capital trust notes		74,284		65,692		2,662		11,872		56,482

Total other securities	$	508,805	$	500,213	$	16,047	$	13,734	$	502,526

Total securities held to maturity ⁽¹⁾	$	3,721,368	$	3,712,776	$	117,373	$	16,190	$	3,813,959

(1)	Held-to-maturity securities are reported at a carrying amount equal to amortized cost less the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL. At December 31, 2016, the non-credit portion of OTTI recorded in AOCL was $8.6 million (before taxes).

At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively, the Company had $589.1 million and $590.9 million of FHLB-NY stock, at cost. The Company is required to maintain an investment in FHLB-NY stock in order to have access to the funding it provides.

The following table summarizes the gross proceeds and gross realized gains from the sale of available-for-sale securities during the periods indicated:


	For the Six Months Ended June 30,
(in thousands)	2017		2016
Gross proceeds	$	139,009	$	112,676
Gross realized gains		1,986		176

In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2017, the Company sought to take advantage of favorable bond market conditions and sold held-to-maturity securities with an amortized cost of $521.0 million resulting in gross proceeds of $547.9 million including a gross realized gain of $26.9 million. Accordingly, the Company transferred the remaining $3.0 billion of held-to-maturity securities to available-for-sale with a net unrealized gain of $82.8 million classified in other comprehensive loss in the Consolidated Statements of Condition. Having our securities portfolio classified as available-for-sale improves the Company’s interest rate risk sensitivity and liquidity measures and provides the Company with more options in meeting the expected future Liquidity Coverage Ratio (“LCR”) requirements.

In the following table, the beginning balance represents the credit loss component for debt securities on which OTTI occurred prior to January 1, 2017. For credit-impaired debt securities, OTTI recognized in earnings after that date is presented as an addition in two components, based upon whether the current period is the first time a debt security was credit-impaired (initial credit impairment) or is not the first time a debt security was credit-impaired (subsequent credit impairment).


(in thousands)		For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2017
Beginning credit loss amount as of December 31, 2016		$	197,552
Add:	Initial other-than-temporary credit losses		—
	Subsequent other-than-temporary credit losses		—
	Amount previously recognized in AOCL		—
Less:	Realized losses for securities sold		—
	Securities intended or required to be sold		—
	Increase in cash flows on debt securities		99

Ending credit loss amount as of June 30, 2017		$	197,453

The following table summarizes, by contractual maturity, the carrying amounts of available-for-sale securities at June 30, 2017:


(dollars in thousands)	Mortgage- Related Securities		Average Yield			U.S. Treasury and GSE Obligations		Average Yield			State, County, and Municipal		Average Yield ⁽¹⁾			Other Debt Securities ⁽²⁾		Average Yield			Fair Value
Available-for-Sale Securities: ⁽³⁾
Due within one year	$	—		—	%	$	259,463		1.42	%	$	149		6.47	%	$	—		—	%	$	260,589
Due from one to five years		879,036		3.34			6,950		3.84			437		6.59			48,254		3.46			972,669
Due from five to ten years		1,458,818		3.15			21,923		3.52			—		—			26,202		9.06			1,562,656
Due after ten years		202,318		3.07			—		—			70,753		2.88			75,206		4.80			342,619

Total securities available for sale	$	2,540,172		3.21	%	$	288,336		1.64	%	$	71,339		2.91	%	$	149,662		5.11	%	$	3,138,533

(1)	Not presented on a tax-equivalent basis.

(2)	Includes corporate bonds and capital trust notes.

(3)	As equity securities have no contractual maturity, they have been excluded from this table.

The following table presents held-to-maturity and available-for-sale securities having a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or longer as of June 30, 2017:


	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Temporarily Impaired Available-for-Sale Securities:
GSE certificates	$	219,080	$	1,014	$	—	$	—	$	219,080	$	1,014
U. S. Treasury obligations		199,992		29		—		—		199,992		29
Municipal bonds		52,876		939		—		—		52,876		939
Capital trust notes		—		—		32,396		11,319		32,396		11,319
Equity securities		11,611		195		—		—		11,611		195

Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities	$	483,559	$	2,177	$	32,396	$	11,319	$	515,955	$	13,496


	Less than Twelve Months				Twelve Months or Longer				Total
(in thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Temporarily Impaired Held-to-Maturity Securities:
GSE certificates	$	268,891	$	2,399	$	—	$	—	$	268,891	$	2,399
GSE CMOs		42,980		57		—		—		42,980		57
U. S. Treasury obligations		200,220		73		—		—		200,220		73
Municipal bonds		69,765		1,789		—		—		69,765		1,789
Capital trust notes		—		—		24,364		11,872		24,364		11,872

Total temporarily impaired held-to-maturity securities	$	581,856	$	4,318	$	24,364	$	11,872	$	606,220	$	16,190

Temporarily Impaired Available-for-Sale Securities:
GSE certificates	$	7,326	$	460	$	—	$	—	$	7,326	$	460
Capital trust notes		—		—		5,241		2,217		5,241		2,217
Equity securities		29,059		589		—		—		29,059		589

Total temporarily impaired available-for-sale securities	$	36,385	$	1,049	$	5,241	$	2,217	$	41,626	$	3,266

An OTTI loss on impaired debt securities must be fully recognized in earnings if an investor has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that the investor will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. However, even if an investor does not expect to sell a debt security, it must evaluate the expected cash flows to be received and determine if a credit loss has occurred. In the event that a credit loss occurs, only the amount of impairment associated with the credit loss is recognized in earnings. Amounts of impairment relating to factors other than credit losses are recorded in AOCL.

At June 30, 2017, the Company had unrealized losses on certain GSE mortgage-related securities, U.S. Treasury obligations, municipal bonds, capital trust notes, and equity securities. The unrealized losses on the Company’s GSE mortgage-related securities, U.S. Treasury obligations, municipal bonds, and capital trust notes at June 30, 2017 were primarily caused by movements in market interest rates and spread volatility, rather than credit risk. These securities are not expected to be settled at a price that is less than the amortized cost of the Company’s investment.

The Company reviews quarterly financial information related to its investments in capital trust notes, as well as other information that is released by each of the issuers of such notes, to determine their continued creditworthiness. The Company continues to monitor these investments and currently estimates that the present value of expected cash flows is not less than the amortized cost of the securities. It is possible that these securities will perform worse than is currently expected, which could lead to adverse changes in cash flows from these securities and potential OTTI losses in the future. Future events that could trigger material unrecoverable declines in the fair values of the Company’s investments, and thus result in potential OTTI losses, include, but are not limited to, government intervention; deteriorating asset quality and credit metrics; significantly higher levels of default and loan loss provisions; losses in value on the underlying collateral; net operating losses; and illiquidity in the financial markets.

The Company considers a decline in the fair value of equity securities to be other than temporary if the Company does not expect to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security. The unrealized losses on the Company’s equity securities at June 30, 2017 were caused by market volatility. The Company evaluated the near-term prospects of recovering the fair value of these securities, together with the severity and duration of impairment to date, and determined that they were not other-than-temporarily impaired. Nonetheless, it is possible that these equity securities will perform worse than is currently expected, which could lead to adverse changes in their fair value, or to the failure of the securities to fully recover in value as currently anticipated by management. Either event could cause the Company to record an OTTI loss in a future period. Events that could trigger a material decline in the fair value of these securities include, but are not limited to, deterioration in the equity markets; a decline in the quality of the loan portfolio of the issuer in which the Company has invested; and the recording of higher loan loss provisions and net operating losses by such issuer.

The investment securities designated as having a continuous loss position for twelve months or more at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 consisted of five capital trust notes. At June 30, 2017, the fair value of securities having a continuous loss position for twelve months or more was 25.9% below the collective amortized cost of $43.7 million. At December 31, 2016, the fair value of such securities was 32.2% below the collective amortized cost of $43.7 million. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the combined market value of the respective securities represented unrealized losses of $11.3 million and $14.1 million, respectively.