	December 31,
(in thousands)	2018		2017
Wholesale borrowings:
FHLB advances	$	13,053,661	$	12,104,500
Repurchase agreements		500,000		450,000
Federal funds purchased		—		—
Total wholesale borrowings	$	13,553,661	$	12,554,500
Junior subordinated debentures		359,508		359,179
Subordinated notes		294,697		—
Total borrowed funds	$	14,207,866	$	12,913,679

Accrued interest on borrowed funds is included in “Other liabilities” in the Consolidated Statements of Condition and amounted to $23.5 million and $19.3 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

	Contractual Maturity					Earlier of Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date
(dollars in thousands) Year	Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate
2019	$	4,431,000		1.74		$	4,431,000		1.74
2020		3,425,000		2.13			5,175,000		2.20
2021		822,661		2.40			3,422,661		2.45
2022		25,000		2.75			25,000		2.75
2028		4,350,000		2.40			—		—
Total FHLB advances	$	13,053,661		2.11	%	$	13,053,661		2.11	%

FHLB advances include both straight fixed-rate advances and advances under the FHLB convertible advance program, which gives the FHLB the option of either calling the advance after an initial lock-out period of up to five years and quarterly thereafter until maturity, or a one-time call at the initial call date.

The Company had no short-term FHLB advances at December 31, 2018 or 2017. During the twelve months ended at December 31, 2017 and 2016, the average balances of short-term FHLB advances were $3.3 million and $929.4 million, with weighted average interest rates of 0.82% and 0.60%, respectively. In 2017 and 2016, the interest expense generated by average short-term FHLB advances was $27,000 and $5.5 million, respectively.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, the Bank had unused lines of available credit with the FHLB-NY of up to $7.5 billion and $7.1 billion. There were no overnight FHLB-NY advances at December 31, 2018 or 2017. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, the average balance of overnight advances amounted to $5.2 million, with a weighted average interest rate of 2.3%, generating interest expense of $121,000. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the average balances of overnight advances amounted to $7.7 million and $426.5 million, with a weighted average interest rates of 0.98% and 0.59%, respectively. In 2017 and 2016, the interest expense generated by average overnight advances was $75,000 and $2.5 million.

The following table presents an analysis of the contractual maturities and next call dates of the Company’s outstanding repurchase agreements accounted for as secured borrowings at December 31, 2018.

	Contractual Maturity					Earlier of Contractual Maturity or Next Call Date
(dollars in thousands) Year of Maturity	Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate			Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate
2019	$	200,000		1.69	%	$	200,000		1.69	%
2021		—		—			300,000		2.37
2028		300,000		2.37			—		—
	$	500,000		2.10	%	$	500,000		2.10	%

The following table provides the contractual maturity and weighted average interest rate of repurchase agreements, and the amortized cost and fair value (including accrued interest) of the securities collateralizing the repurchase agreements, at December 31, 2018:

						Mortgage-Related and Other Securities				GSE Debentures and U.S. Treasury Obligations
(dollars in thousands) Period of Maturity	Amount		Weighted Average Interest Rate			Amortized Cost		Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Fair Value
30 to 90 days	$	200,000		1.69	%	$	215,244	$	213,135	$	—	$	—
Greater than 90 days		300,000		2.37			—		—		321,163		317,683
Total	$	500,000		2.10	%	$	215,244	$	213,135	$	321,163	$	317,683

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the accrued interest on repurchase agreements amounted to $287,000 and $760,000, respectively. The interest expense on repurchase agreements was $6.8 million, $16.4 million, and $23.3 million, in the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.

In 2018 and 2017, respectively, the average balances of federal funds purchased were to $620,000 and $47.9 million, with weighted average interest rates of 2.2% and 0.87%. In 2016, the average balance of federal funds purchased amounted to $525.4 million with a weighted average interest rate of 0.51%. The interest expense produced by federal funds purchased was $14,000, $418,000 and $2.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

On November 6, 2018, the Company issued $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of our 5.90% Fixed-to-Floating Rate Subordinated Notes due 2028 (the “Notes”). The Notes will mature on November 6, 2028. From and including the date of original issuance to, but excluding November 6, 2023, the Notes will bear interest at an initial rate of 5.90% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on May 6 and November 6 of each year, commencing on May 6, 2019. Unless redeemed, from and including November 6, 2023 to but excluding the Maturity Date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to an annual interest rate equal to the then-current three-month LIBOR rate plus 278 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears on February 6, May 6, August 6 and November 6 of each year, commencing on February 6, 2024.

Issuance costs incurred were $5.4 million and are being amortized as part of interest expense over 10 years. The interest expense on subordinated notes amounted to $2.8 million at the year ended December 31, 2018.

At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had $359.5 million and $359.2 million, respectively, of outstanding junior subordinated deferrable interest debentures (“junior subordinated debentures”) held by statutory business trusts (the “Trusts”) that issued guaranteed capital securities.

The Trusts are accounted for as unconsolidated subsidiaries, in accordance with GAAP. The proceeds of each issuance were invested in a series of junior subordinated debentures of the Company and the underlying assets of each statutory business trust are the relevant debentures. The Company has fully and unconditionally guaranteed the obligations under each trust’s capital securities to the extent set forth in a guarantee by the Company to each trust. The Trusts’ capital securities are each subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the debentures at their stated maturity or earlier redemption.

Issuer	Interest Rate of Capital Securities and Debentures			Junior Subordinated Debentures Amount Outstanding		Capital Securities Amount Outstanding		Date of Original Issue		Stated Maturity		First Optional Redemption Date
				(dollars in thousands)
New York Community Capital Trust V (BONUSES SM Units)		6.000	%	$	145,582	$	139,231		Nov. 4, 2002		Nov. 1, 2051		Nov. 4, 2007 (1)
New York Community Capital Trust X		4.388			123,712		120,000		Dec. 14, 2006		Dec. 15, 2036		Dec. 15, 2011 (2)
PennFed Capital Trust III		6.038			30,928		30,000		June 2, 2003		June 15, 2033		June 15, 2008 (2)
New York Community Capital Trust XI		4.453			59,286		57,500		April 16, 2007		June 30, 2037		June 30, 2012 (2)
Total junior subordinated debentures				$	359,508	$	346,731

The Bifurcated Option Note Unit

SecuritiES

(“BONUSES units”) included in the preceding table were issued by the Company on November 4, 2002 at a public offering price of $50.00 per share. Each of the 5,500,000 BONUSES units offered consisted of a capital security issued by New York Community Capital Trust V, a trust formed by the Company, and a warrant to purchase 2.4953 shares of the common stock of the Company (for a total of approximately 13.7 million common shares) at an effective exercise price of $20.04 per share. Each capital security has a maturity of 49 years, with a coupon, or distribution rate, of 6.00% on the $50.00 per share liquidation amount. The warrants and capital securities were non-callable for five years from the date of issuance and were not called by the Company when the five-year period passed on November 4, 2007.

The gross proceeds of the BONUSES units totaled $275.0 million and were allocated between the capital security and the warrant comprising such units in proportion to their relative values at the time of issuance. The value assigned to the warrants, $92.4 million, was recorded as a component of additional “paid-in capital” in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition. The value assigned to the capital security component was $182.6 million. The $92.4 million difference between the assigned value and the stated liquidation amount of the capital securities was treated as an original issue discount, and is being amortized to interest expense over the 49-year life of the capital securities on a level-yield basis. At December 31, 2018, this discount totaled $66.1 million.

The other three trust preferred securities noted in the preceding table were formed for the purpose of issuing Company Obligated Mandatorily Redeemable Capital Securities of Subsidiary Trusts Holding Solely Junior Subordinated Debentures (collectively, the “Capital Securities”). Dividends on the Capital Securities are payable either quarterly or semi-annually and are deferrable, at the Company’s option, for up to five years. As of December 31, 2018, all dividends were current.

Interest expense on junior subordinated debentures was $21.7 million, $19.6 million, and $18.5 million, respectively, for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.