The following table sets forth the composition of the loan portfolio at the dates indicated:

	June 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
(dollars in thousands)	Amount			Percent of Loans Held for Investment			Amount			Percent of Loans Held for Investment
Loans and Leases Held for Investment:
Mortgage Loans:
Multi-family	$	31,597,075			74.80	%	$	31,158,672			74.46	%
Commercial real estate		6,929,883			16.40	%		7,081,910			16.93
One-to-four family		320,740			0.76	%		380,361			0.91
Acquisition, development, and construction		126,402			0.30	%		200,596			0.48
Total mortgage loans held for investment⁽¹⁾		38,974,100			92.26	%	$	38,821,539			92.78
Other Loans:
Commercial and industrial		1,571,432			3.72	%		1,742,380			4.16
Lease financing, net of unearned income of $123,141 and $104,826, respectively		1,693,640			4.01	%		1,271,998			3.04
Total commercial and industrial loans ⁽²⁾		3,265,072			7.73	%		3,014,378			7.20
Other		6,723			0.01	%		8,102			0.02
Total other loans held for investment⁽¹⁾		3,271,795			7.74	%		3,022,480			7.22
Total loans and leases held for investment	$	42,245,895			100.00	%	$	41,844,019			100.00	%
Net deferred loan origination costs		60,292						50,136
Allowance for loan and lease losses		(174,287	)					(147,638	)
Total loans and leases held for investment, net	$	42,131,900					$	41,746,517
Loans held for sale		103,362						—
Total loans and leases, net	$	42,235,262					$	41,746,517

The majority of the loans the Company originates for investment are multi-family loans, most of which are collateralized by non-luxury apartment buildings in New York City with rent-regulated units and below-market rents. In addition, the Company originates CRE loans, most of which are collateralized by income-producing properties such as office buildings, retail centers, mixed-use buildings, and multi-tenanted light industrial properties that are located in New York City and on Long Island.

To a lesser extent, the Company also originates ADC loans for investment. One-to-four family loans held for investment were originated through the Company’s former mortgage banking operation and primarily consisted of jumbo adjustable rate mortgages made to borrowers with a solid credit history.

ADC loans are primarily originated for multi-family and residential tract projects in New York City and on Long Island. C&I loans consist of asset-based loans, equipment loans and leases, and dealer floor-plan loans (together, specialty finance loans and leases) that generally are made to large corporate obligors, many of which are publicly traded, carry investment grade or near-investment grade ratings, and participate in stable industries nationwide; and other C&I loans that primarily are made to small and mid-size businesses in Metro New York. Other C&I loans are typically made for working capital, business expansion, and the purchase of machinery and equipment.

The repayment of multi-family and CRE loans generally depends on the income produced by the underlying properties which, in turn, depends on their successful operation and management. To mitigate the potential for credit losses, the Company underwrites its loans in accordance with credit standards it considers to be prudent, looking first at the consistency of the cash flows being produced by the underlying property. In addition, multi-family buildings, CRE properties, and ADC projects are inspected as a prerequisite to approval, and independent appraisers, whose appraisals are carefully reviewed by the Company’s in-house appraisers, perform appraisals on the collateral properties. In many cases, a second independent appraisal review is performed.

To further manage its credit risk, the Company’s lending policies limit the amount of credit granted to any one borrower and typically require conservative debt service coverage ratios and loan-to-value ratios. Nonetheless, the ability of the Company’s borrowers to repay these loans may be impacted by adverse conditions in the local real estate market and the local economy. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that its underwriting policies will protect the Company from credit-related losses or delinquencies.

ADC loans typically involve a higher degree of credit risk than loans secured by improved or owner-occupied real estate. Accordingly, borrowers are required to provide a guarantee of repayment and completion, and loan proceeds are disbursed as construction progresses, as certified by in-house inspectors or third-party engineers. The Company seeks to minimize the credit risk on ADC loans by maintaining conservative lending policies and rigorous underwriting standards. However, if the estimate of value proves to be inaccurate, the cost of completion is greater than expected, or the length of time to complete and/or sell or lease the collateral property is greater than anticipated, the property could have a value upon completion that is insufficient to assure full repayment of the loan. This could have a material adverse effect on the quality of the ADC loan portfolio, and could result in losses or delinquencies. In addition, the Company utilizes the same stringent appraisal process for ADC loans as it does for its multi-family and CRE loans.

To minimize the risk involved in specialty finance lending and leasing, the Company participates in syndicated loans that are brought to it, and equipment loans and leases that are assigned to it, by a select group of nationally recognized sources who have long-term relationships with its experienced lending officers. Each of these credits is secured with a perfected first security interest in or outright ownership of the underlying collateral, and structured as senior debt or as a non-cancelable lease. To further minimize the risk involved in specialty finance lending and leasing, each transaction is re-underwritten. In addition, outside counsel is retained to conduct a further review of the underlying documentation.

To minimize the risks involved in other C&I lending, the Company underwrites such loans on the basis of the cash flows produced by the business; requires that such loans be collateralized by various business assets, including inventory, equipment, and accounts receivable, among others; and typically requires personal guarantees. However, the capacity of a borrower to repay such a C&I loan is substantially dependent on the degree to which the business is successful. In addition, the collateral underlying such loans may depreciate over time, may not be conducive to appraisal, or may fluctuate in value, based upon the results of operations of the business.

Included in loans held for investment at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were mortgage loans of $38.0 million and $38.2 million, respectively, to officers, directors, and their related interests and parties. There were no loans to principal shareholders at that date.

A loan generally is classified as a non-accrual loan when it is 90 days or more past due or when it is deemed to be impaired because the Company no longer expects to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. When a loan is placed on non-accrual status, management ceases the accrual of interest owed, and previously accrued interest is charged against interest income. A loan is generally returned to accrual status when the loan is current and management has reasonable assurance that the loan will be fully collectible. Interest income on non-accrual loans is recorded when received in cash. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, all of our non-performing loans were non-accrual loans.

The following table presents information regarding the quality of the Company’s loans held for investment at June 30, 2020:

(in thousands)	Loans 30-89 Days Past Due		Non- Accrual Loans		Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Still Accruing Interest		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans Receivable
Multi-family	$	383	$	6,316	$	—	$	6,699	$	31,583,677	$	31,597,075
Commercial real estate		326		16,183		—		16,509		6,896,865		6,929,883
One-to-four family		1,361		1,716		—		3,077		314,586		320,740
Acquisition, development, and construction		—		—		—		—		126,402		126,402
Commercial and industrial^{(1) (2)}		—		29,454		—		29,454		3,206,164		3,265,072
Other		65		2		—		67		6,589		6,723
Total loans and leases held for investment	$	2,135	$	53,671	$	—	$	55,806	$	42,134,283	$	42,245,895

The following table presents information regarding the quality of the Company’s loans held for investment at December 31, 2019:

(in thousands)	Loans 30-89 Days Past Due		Non- Accrual Loans		Loans 90 Days or More Delinquent and Still Accruing Interest		Total Past Due Loans		Current Loans		Total Loans Receivable
Multi-family	$	1,131	$	5,407	$	—	$	6,538	$	31,152,134	$	31,158,672
Commercial real estate		2,545		14,830		—		17,375		7,064,535		7,081,910
One-to-four family		—		1,730		—		1,730		378,631		380,361
Acquisition, development, and construction		—		—		—		—		200,596		200,596
Commercial and industrial^{(1) (2)}		—		39,024		—		39,024		2,975,354		3,014,378
Other		44		252		—		296		7,806		8,102
Total	$	3,720	$	61,243	$	—	$	64,963	$	41,779,056	$	41,844,019

The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator at June 30, 2020:

	Mortgage Loans								Other Loans
(in thousands)	Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		One-to- Four Family		Acquisition, Development, and Construction		Total Mortgage Loans		Commercial and Industrial⁽¹⁾		Other		Total Other Loans
Credit Quality Indicator:
Pass	$	31,302,833	$	6,647,278	$	317,411	$	100,832	$	38,368,354	$	3,199,250	$	6,721	$	3,205,971
Special mention		230,210		193,232		1,618		25,570		450,630		3,894		—		3,894
Substandard		64,032		89,373		1,711				155,116		61,928		2		61,930
Doubtful										—						—
Total	$	31,597,075	$	6,929,883	$	320,740	$	126,402	$	38,974,100	$	3,265,072	$	6,723	$	3,271,795

The following table summarizes the Company’s portfolio of loans held for investment by credit quality indicator at December 31, 2019:

	Mortgage Loans										Other Loans
(in thousands)	Multi- Family		Commercial Real Estate		One-to- Four Family		Acquisition, Development, and Construction		Total Mortgage Loans		Commercial and Industrial⁽¹⁾		Other		Total Other Loans
Credit Quality Indicator:
Pass	$	30,903,657	$	6,902,218	$	377,883	$	158,751	$	38,342,509	$	2,960,557	$	7,850	$	2,968,407
Special mention		239,664		104,648		748		41,456		386,516		1,588		—		1,588
Substandard		15,351		75,044		1,730		389		92,514		52,233		252		52,485
Doubtful		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	31,158,672	$	7,081,910	$	380,361	$	200,596	$	38,821,539	$	3,014,378	$	8,102	$	3,022,480

The preceding classifications are the most current ones available and generally have been updated within the last twelve months. In addition, they follow regulatory guidelines and can generally be described as follows: pass loans are of satisfactory quality; special mention loans have potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention; substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged (these loans have a well-defined weakness and there is a possibility that the Company will sustain some loss); and doubtful loans, based on existing circumstances, have weaknesses that make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. In addition, one-to-four family loans are classified based on the duration of the delinquency.

The following table presents, by credit quality indicator, loan class, and year of origination, the amortized cost basis of the Company’s loans and leases as of June 30, 2020.

(in thousands)	Vintage Year
Risk Rating Group	2020		2019		2018		2017		2016		Prior To 2016		Revolving Loans		Total
Pass	$	4,311,632	$	7,066,229	$	6,737,878	$	5,204,929	$	4,234,835	$	10,816,916	$	22,631	$	38,395,050
Special Mention		—		2,267		68,295		77,061		126,081		176,358		790		450,852
Substandard		—		—		7,582		18,866		49,372		78,557		—		154,377
Total mortgage loans	$	4,311,632	$	7,068,496	$	6,813,755	$	5,300,856	$	4,410,288	$	11,071,831	$	23,421	$	39,000,279
Pass		579,851		904,008		205,400		236,169		137,604		157,650		1,019,443		3,240,125
Special Mention		—		42		—		—		—		—		3,850		3,892
Substandard		1,042		8,350		3,711		15,454		4,190		3,473		25,673		61,893
Total other loans		580,893		912,400		209,111		251,623		141,794		161,123		1,048,966		3,305,910
Total	$	4,892,525	$	7,980,896	$	7,022,866	$	5,552,479	$	4,552,082	$	11,232,954	$	1,072,387	$	42,306,189

When management determines that foreclosure is probable, expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral adjusted for selling costs. When the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the reporting date and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, the collateral-dependent practical expedient has been elected and expected credit losses are based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date, adjusted for selling costs as appropriate. For CRE loans, collateral properties include office buildings, warehouse/distribution buildings, shopping centers, apartment buildings, residential and commercial tract development. The primary source of repayment on these loans is expected to come from the sale, permanent financing or lease of the real property collateral. CRE loans are impacted by fluctuations in collateral values, as well as the ability of the borrower to obtain permanent financing.

The following table summarizes the extent to which collateral secures the Company’s collateral-dependent loans held for investment by collateral type as of June 30, 2020:

	Collateral Type
(in thousands)	Real Property		Other
Multi-family	$	2,248	$	—
Commercial real estate		29,824		—
One-to-four family		570		—
Acquisition, development, and construction		—		37,135
Commercial and industrial		—		—
Other		—
Total collateral-dependent loans held for investment	$	32,642	$	37,135

Other collateral primarily consists of taxi medallions, cash, accounts receivable and inventory.

There were no significant changes in the extent to which collateral secures the Company’s collateral-dependent financial assets during the three months ended June 30, 2020.

The Company is required to account for certain loan modifications and restructurings as TDRs. In general, a modification or restructuring of a loan constitutes a TDR if the Company grants a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. A loan modified as a TDR generally is placed on non-accrual status until the Company determines that future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which requires, among other things, that the borrower demonstrate performance according to the restructured terms for a period of at least six consecutive months. In determining the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses, reasonably expected TDRs are individually evaluated and consist of criticized, classified, or maturing loans that will have a modification processed within the next three months.

In an effort to proactively manage delinquent loans, the Company has selectively extended to certain borrowers concessions such as rate reductions, extension of maturity dates, and forbearance agreements. As of June 30, 2020, loans on which concessions were made with respect to rate reductions and/or extension of maturity dates amounted to $18.6 million; loans on which forbearance agreements were reached amounted to $26.3 million.

The CARES Act was enacted on March 27, 2020. Under the CARES Act, the Company made the election to deem that loan modifications do not result in TDRs if they are (1) related to the novel coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”); (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (A) 60 days after the date of termination of the National Emergency or (B) December 31, 2020. This includes short-term (e.g., up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. At June 30, 2020, total payment deferrals for the entire loan portfolio were $7.4 billion.

The following table presents information regarding the Company’s TDRs as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:

	June 30, 2020						December 31, 2019
(in thousands)	Accruing		Non- Accrual		Total		Accruing		Non- Accrual		Total
Loan Category:
Multi-family	$	—	$	2,248	$	2,248	$	—	$	3,577	$	3,577
Commercial real estate		15,119		—		15,119		—		—		—
One-to-four family		—		570		570		—		584		584
Acquisition, development, and construction		—		—		—		389		—		389
Commercial and industrial⁽¹⁾		865		26,146		27,011		865		35,084		35,949
Other		—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	15,984	$	28,964	$	44,948	$	1,254	$	39,245	$	40,499

The eligibility of a borrower for work-out concessions of any nature depends upon the facts and circumstances of each loan, which may change from period to period, and involves judgment by Company personnel regarding the likelihood that the concession will result in the maximum recovery for the Company.

The financial effects of the Company’s TDRs for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
							Weighted Average Interest Rate
(dollars in thousands)	Number of Loans		Pre- Modification Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Recorded Investment		Pre- Modification			Post- Modification			Charge- off Amount		Capitalized Interest
Loan Category:
Commercial real estate		1	$	15,119	$	15,119		8.00	%		3.50	%	$	-	$	-
Commercial and industrial		11		2,484		1,391		2.92			2.92			1,093		—
Total		12	$	17,603	$	16,510		7.28			3.45		$	1,093	$	-

	For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
							Weighted Average Interest Rate
(dollars in thousands)	Number of Loans		Pre- Modification Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Recorded Investment		Pre- Modification			Post- Modification			Charge- off Amount		Capitalized Interest
Loan Category:
Commercial and industrial		15	$	19,350	$	18,004		5.31	%		5.45	%	$	1,346	$	—

The financial effects of the Company’s TDRs for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019 are summarized as follows:

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
							Weighted Average Interest Rate
(dollars in thousands)	Number of Loans		Pre- Modification Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Recorded Investment		Pre- Modification			Post- Modification			Charge- off Amount		Capitalized Interest
Loan Category:
Commercial real estate		1	$	15,119	$	15,119		8.00	%		3.50	%	$	-	$	-
Commercial and industrial		19		4,404		2,963		3.08			3.03			1,441		—
Total		20	$	19,523	$	18,082		6.89			3.42		$	1,441	$	-

	For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2019
							Weighted Average Interest Rate
(dollars in thousands)	Number of Loans		Pre- Modification Recorded Investment		Post- Modification Recorded Investment		Pre- Modification			Post- Modification			Charge- off Amount		Capitalized Interest
Loan Category:
Commercial and industrial		30	$	23,544	$	21,092		4.95	%		5.09	%	$	2,452	$	—

At June 30, 2020, 40 C&I loans in the aggregate amount of $6.4 million have been modified as TDRs during the twelve months ended at that date, and were in payment default. At June 30, 2019, 13 C&I loans in the aggregate amount of $3.3 million that had been modified as TDRs during the twelve months ended at that date and were in payment default.

The Company does not consider a payment to be in default when the loan is in forbearance, or otherwise granted a delay of payment, when the agreement to forebear or allow a delay of payment is part of a modification.

Subsequent to the modification, the loan is not considered to be in default until payment is contractually past due in accordance with the modified terms. However, the Company does consider a loan with multiple modifications or forbearance periods to be in default, and would also consider a loan to be in default if the borrower were in bankruptcy or if the loan were partially charged off subsequent to modification. Management takes into consideration all TDR modifications in determining the appropriate level of the allowance.