Commitments and Contingencies

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2015

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

(a) We purchase annuities from life insurance companies to fulfill obligations under claim settlements that provide for periodic future payments to claimants. As of December 31, 2015, we had purchased such annuities with a present value of $15.8 million for settlement of claims on a structured basis for which we are contingently liable. To our knowledge, there are no material defaults from any of the issuers of such annuities.

(b) We have various operating leases for office space and equipment. Such lease agreements, which expire at various times, are generally renewed or replaced by similar leases. Rental expense under these leases amounted to $17.4 million in 2015, $15.6 million in 2014, and $13.2 million in 2013. We also lease computer hardware and software under capital lease agreements expiring at various dates through 2018. See Note 2(p) for information on our accounting policy regarding leases.

In addition, certain leases for rented premises and equipment are non-cancelable, and liability for payment will continue even though the space or equipment may no longer be in use. At December 31, 2015, the total future minimum rental commitments under non-cancelable leases were as follows:



($ in millions)	Capital Leases		Operating Leases	Total
2016	$	3.9	6.7	10.6
2017	2.8		5.5	8.3
2018	1.2		4.9	6.1
2019	—		4.1	4.1
2020	—		3.1	3.1
After 2020	—		5.8	5.8
Total minimum payment required	$	7.9	30.1	38.0

(c) At December 31, 2015, we have contractual obligations that expire at various dates through 2028 to invest up to an additional $74.4 million in alternative and other investments. There is no certainty that any such additional investment will be required. For additional information regarding these investments, see item (f) of Note 5. "Investments" in this Form 10-K.