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Reinsurance
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]  
Reinsurance Reinsurance
The following table contains a listing of direct, assumed, and ceded reinsurance amounts for premiums written, premiums earned, and loss and loss expenses incurred for the periods indicated. For more information concerning reinsurance, refer to
Note 8. “Reinsurance” in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” of our 2018 Annual Report.
 
 
Quarter ended September 30,
 
Nine Months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Premiums written:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Direct
 
$
785,680

 
752,834

 
$
2,359,441

 
2,220,431

Assumed
 
6,882

 
7,084

 
18,770

 
19,891

Ceded
 
(115,634
)
 
(108,250
)
 
(326,939
)
 
(308,846
)
Net
 
$
676,928

 
651,668

 
$
2,051,272

 
1,931,476

Premiums earned:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Direct
 
$
752,872

 
706,497

 
$
2,221,257

 
2,086,953

Assumed
 
6,356

 
6,484

 
18,660

 
19,220

Ceded
 
(105,608
)
 
(98,704
)
 
(311,105
)
 
(295,232
)
Net
 
$
653,620

 
614,277

 
$
1,928,812

 
1,810,941

Loss and loss expenses incurred:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Direct
 
$
437,618

 
477,427

 
$
1,297,975

 
1,289,357

Assumed
 
4,362

 
6,529

 
13,975

 
16,897

Ceded
 
(43,305
)
 
(104,757
)
 
(145,712
)
 
(175,786
)
Net
 
$
398,675

 
379,199

 
$
1,166,238

 
1,130,468


Ceded premiums and losses related to our participation in the NFIP, under which 100% of our flood premiums, losses, and loss expenses are ceded to the NFIP, are as follows:
Ceded to NFIP
 
Quarter ended September 30,
 
Nine Months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
Ceded premiums written
 
$
(74,864
)
 
(70,100
)
 
$
(206,451
)
 
(193,110
)
Ceded premiums earned
 
(65,847
)
 
(61,448
)
 
(191,914
)
 
(180,582
)
Ceded loss and loss expenses incurred
 
(27,459
)
 
(89,396
)
 
(62,208
)
 
(115,376
)


Excluding the impact of our participation in the NFIP, ceded loss and loss expenses incurred increased in Nine Months 2019 compared to the respective prior year, due to one significant fire loss in the second quarter of 2019, which added $17.4 million to ceded loss and loss expenses. The elevated ceded loss and loss expenses incurred related to our participation in the NFIP in Third Quarter and Nine Months 2018 were due to Hurricane Florence, which impacted our footprint in September 2018.