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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
We evaluate the results of our four reportable segments as follows:

•Our Standard Commercial Lines, Standard Personal Lines, and E&S Lines are evaluated based on before and after-tax underwriting results (net premiums earned, incurred loss and loss expense, policyholders dividends, policy acquisition costs, and other underwriting expenses), return on equity ("ROE") contribution, and combined ratios.

•Our Investments segment is primarily evaluated after-tax net investment income and its ROE contribution. After-tax net realized and unrealized gains and losses, which are not included in non-GAAP operating income, are also included in our Investment segment results.

In computing each segment's results, we do not make adjustments for interest expense or corporate expenses. No segment has a separate investment portfolio or allocated assets.

Our combined insurance operations are subject to certain geographic concentrations, particularly in the Eastern region of the country. In 2020, approximately 18% of NPW were related to insurance policies written in New Jersey. We also had a goodwill balance of $7.8 million at both December 31, 2020 and 2019 on our Consolidated Balance Sheet that relates to our Standard Commercial Lines reporting unit.
  
The following summaries present revenues (net investment income and net realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments in the case of the Investments segment) and pre-tax income for the individual segments:
Revenue by SegmentYears ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202020192018
Standard Commercial Lines:   
Net premiums earned:   
Commercial automobile$615,181 554,256 493,093 
Workers compensation278,062 311,370 317,616 
General liability694,019 669,895 616,187 
Commercial property388,120 353,834 329,660 
Businessowners’ policies110,210 105,252 103,412 
Bonds36,742 35,726 33,991 
Other20,850 19,281 18,263 
Miscellaneous income15,512 10,889 8,180 
Total Standard Commercial Lines revenue2,158,696 2,060,503 1,920,402 
Standard Personal Lines:
Net premiums earned:
Personal automobile165,020 172,606 168,250 
Homeowners125,405 127,543 128,961 
Other8,715 7,590 7,230 
Miscellaneous income2,058 1,466 1,257 
Total Standard Personal Lines revenue301,198 309,205 305,698 
E&S Lines:
Net premiums earned:
Casualty lines174,408 182,864 164,313 
Property lines65,082 56,954 55,253 
Miscellaneous income— — 1 
Total E&S Lines revenue239,490 239,818 219,567 
Investments:   
Net investment income227,107 222,543 195,336 
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains(4,217)14,422 (54,923)
Total Investments revenues222,890 236,965 140,413 
Total revenues$2,922,274 2,846,491 2,586,080 
Income Before and After Federal Income TaxYears ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202020192018
Standard Commercial Lines:   
Underwriting gain, before federal income tax$151,731 145,990 109,104 
Underwriting gain, after federal income tax119,867 115,332 86,192 
Combined ratio92.9 %92.9 %94.3 %
ROE contribution5.1 %5.8 4.9 
Standard Personal Lines:
Underwriting (loss) gain, before federal income tax(15,508)8,260 12,764 
Underwriting (loss) gain, after federal income tax(12,251)6,525 10,084 
Combined ratio105.2 %97.3 %95.8 %
ROE contribution(0.5)%0.3 0.6 
E&S Lines:
Underwriting gain (loss), before federal income tax126 9,743 (695)
Underwriting gain (loss), after federal income tax100 7,697 (549)
Combined ratio99.9 %95.9 %100.3 %
ROE contribution— %0.4 — 
Investments:   
Net investment income$227,107 222,543 195,336 
Net realized and unrealized investment (losses) gains(4,217)14,422 (54,923)
Total investment segment income, before federal income tax222,890 236,965 140,413 
Tax on investment segment income41,609 45,301 19,560 
Total investment segment income, after federal income tax$181,281 191,664 120,853 
ROE contribution of after-tax net investment income7.8 %9.6 6.9 

Reconciliation of Segment Results to Income Before Federal Income TaxYears ended December 31,
($ in thousands)202020192018
Underwriting gain (loss)
     Standard Commercial Lines $151,731 145,990 109,104 
     Standard Personal Lines (15,508)8,260 12,764 
     E&S Lines126 9,743 (695)
Investment income222,890 236,965 140,413 
Total all segments359,239 400,958 261,586 
Interest expense(30,839)(33,668)(24,419)
Corporate expenses(25,412)(30,900)(25,446)
Income, before federal income tax$302,988 336,390 211,721