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Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]  
Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense
The table below provides a roll forward of reserve for loss and loss expense for beginning and ending reserve balances:

Nine Months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)20222021
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period$4,580,903 4,260,355 
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at beginning of period578,641 554,269 
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period4,002,262 3,706,086 
Incurred loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:  
Current year1,610,940 1,408,240 
Prior years(44,010)(67,947)
Total incurred loss and loss expense1,566,930 1,340,293 
Paid loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:  
Current year513,118 430,288 
Prior years779,438 675,782 
Total paid loss and loss expense1,292,556 1,106,070 
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period4,276,636 3,940,309 
Add: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at end of period688,641 670,031 
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense at end of period$4,965,277 4,610,340 

Prior year reserve development in Nine Months 2022 was favorable by $44.0 million, consisting of $48.0 million of favorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $4.0 million of unfavorable property reserve development. The favorable casualty reserve development included $40.0 million in our workers compensation line of business, $10.0 million in our bonds line of business, $8.0 million in our businessowners' policies line of business, and $5.0 million in our general liability line of business, partially offset by $15.0 million of unfavorable casualty reserve development in our commercial automobile line of business.

Prior year reserve development in Nine Months 2021 was favorable by $67.9 million, primarily consisting of $66.0 million of casualty reserve development. The favorable casualty reserve development included $29.0 million in our general liability line of business, $28.0 million in our workers compensation line of business, $7.0 million in our Excess and Surplus (E&S") casualty lines of business, and $2.0 million in our businessowners' policies line of business.