Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

The table below provides a roll forward of the reserve for loss and loss expense for beginning and ending reserve balances:


	Six Months ended June 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period	$	5,144,821	4,580,903
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at beginning of period	757,513		578,641
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period	4,387,308		4,002,262
Incurred loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:
Current year	1,221,635		1,041,778
Prior years	(8,067)		(22,674)
Total incurred loss and loss expense	1,213,568		1,019,104
Paid loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:
Current year	320,026		272,401
Prior years	720,314		570,868
Total paid loss and loss expense	1,040,340		843,269
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period	4,560,536		4,178,097
Add: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at end of period	616,487		544,082
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period	$	5,177,023	4,722,179

Prior year reserve development in Six Months 2023 was favorable by $8.1 million, consisting of $16.5 million of favorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $8.4 million of unfavorable property reserve development. The favorable casualty reserve development included $17.5 million in our workers compensation line of business and $5.0 million in our Excess and Surplus ("E&S") casualty lines of business, partially offset by $6.0 million of unfavorable casualty reserve development in our personal automobile line of business.

Prior year reserve development in Six Months 2022 was favorable by $22.7 million, consisting of $32.0 million of favorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $9.3 million of unfavorable property reserve development. The favorable casualty reserve development included $20.0 million in our workers compensation line of business, $7.0 million in our bonds line of business, and $5.0 million in our general liability line of business.