Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

The table below provides a roll forward of the reserve for loss and loss expense for beginning and ending reserve balances:


	Nine Months ended September 30,
($ in thousands)	2023		2022
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period	$	5,144,821	4,580,903
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at beginning of period	757,513		578,641
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period	4,387,308		4,002,262
Incurred loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:
Current year	1,865,247		1,610,940
Prior years	(5,782)		(44,010)
Total incurred loss and loss expense	1,859,465		1,566,930
Paid loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:
Current year	607,595		513,118
Prior years	988,859		779,438
Total paid loss and loss expense	1,596,454		1,292,556
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period	4,650,319		4,276,636
Add: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at end of period	651,051		688,641
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period	$	5,301,370	4,965,277

Prior year reserve development in Nine Months 2023 was favorable by $5.8 million, consisting of $16.5 million of favorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $10.7 million of unfavorable property reserve development. The favorable casualty reserve development included $24.5 million in our workers compensation line of business and $5.0 million in our Excess and Surplus ("E&S") casualty lines of business, partially offset by $9.0 million of unfavorable casualty reserve development in our personal automobile line of business and $4.0 million in our commercial automobile line of business.

Prior year reserve development in Nine Months 2022 was favorable by $44.0 million, consisting of $48.0 million of favorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $4.0 million of unfavorable property reserve development. The favorable casualty reserve development included $40.0 million in our workers compensation line of business, $10.0 million in our bonds line of business, $8.0 million in our businessowners' policies line of business, and $5.0 million in our general liability line of business, partially offset by $15.0 million of unfavorable casualty reserve development in our commercial automobile line of business.