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Reinsurance
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2024
Reinsurance Disclosures [Abstract]  
Reinsurance Reinsurance
We evaluate and monitor the financial condition of our reinsurers under voluntary reinsurance arrangements to minimize our exposure to significant losses from reinsurer insolvencies. The following tables provide (i) a disaggregation of our reinsurance recoverable balance by financial strength rating, and (ii) an aging analysis of our past due reinsurance recoverable balances as of March 31, 2024, and December 31, 2023:

March 31, 2024
($ in thousands)CurrentPast DueTotal Reinsurance Recoverables
Financial strength rating of rated reinsurers
A++$83,372 53 83,425 
A+366,428 1,172 367,600 
A115,086 582 115,668 
A-3,865 89 3,954 
Total rated reinsurers568,751 1,896 570,647 
Non-rated reinsurers
Federal and state pools77,799 — 77,799 
Other than federal and state pools4,135 504 4,639 
Total non-rated reinsurers81,934 504 82,438 
Total reinsurance recoverable, gross$650,685 2,400 653,085 
Less: allowance for credit losses(1,700)
Total reinsurance recoverable, net651,385 

December 31, 2023
($ in thousands)CurrentPast DueTotal Reinsurance Recoverables
Financial strength rating of rated reinsurers
A++$82,466 21 82,487 
A+371,132 2,887 374,019 
A111,883 1,380 113,263 
A-3,596 89 3,685 
Total rated reinsurers569,077 4,377 573,454 
Non-rated reinsurers
Federal and state pools80,506 — 80,506 
Other than federal and state pools4,488 77 4,565 
Total non-rated reinsurers84,994 77 85,071 
Total reinsurance recoverable, gross$654,071 4,454 658,525 
Less: allowance for credit losses(1,700)
Total reinsurance recoverable, net656,825 
The following table provides a roll forward of the allowance for credit losses on our reinsurance recoverable balance for the periods indicated:

Quarter ended March 31,
($ in thousands)
20242023
Balance at beginning of period$1,700 1,600 
Current period change for expected credit losses— 700 
Write-offs charged against the allowance for credit losses— — 
Recoveries— — 
Allowance for credit losses, end of period$1,700 2,300 

For a discussion of the methodology used to evaluate our estimate of expected credit losses on our reinsurance recoverable balance, refer to Note 2. "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in Item 8. "Financial Statements and Supplementary Data." of our 2023 Annual Report.

The following table lists direct, assumed, and ceded reinsurance amounts for premiums written, premiums earned, and loss and loss expense incurred for the indicated periods. For more information about reinsurance, refer to Note 9. “Reinsurance” in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” of our 2023 Annual Report.

Quarter ended March 31,
($ in thousands)20242023
Premiums written:  
Direct$1,315,911 1,132,760 
Assumed5,985 5,394 
Ceded(165,275)(138,386)
Net1,156,621 999,768 
Premiums earned:  
Direct1,205,368 1,032,228 
Assumed6,191 6,290 
Ceded(160,615)(136,182)
Net1,050,944 902,336 
Loss and loss expense incurred:
  
Direct753,567 613,229 
Assumed5,981 5,255 
Ceded(55,256)(51,046)
Net$704,292 567,438