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Comprehensive Income (Loss)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax, Attributable to Parent [Abstract]  
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of comprehensive income (loss), both gross and net of tax, for Third Quarter 2024 and Nine Months 2024 and Third Quarter 2023 and Nine Months 2023 were as follows:

Third Quarter 2024   
($ in thousands)GrossTaxNet
Net income (loss)
$116,487 24,209 92,278 
Components of OCI:   
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:
   
Unrealized holding gains (losses) during the period187,465 39,367 148,098 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities with credit loss recognized in earnings43,927 9,225 34,702 
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
Net realized (gains) losses on disposals and intent-to-sell AFS securities(1,249)(263)(986)
Credit loss (benefit) expense(2,191)(459)(1,732)
    Total unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities227,952 47,870 180,082 
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans:   
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
   
Net actuarial (gain) loss967 203 764 
    Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans967 203 764 
Other comprehensive income (loss)228,919 48,073 180,846 
Comprehensive income (loss)$345,406 72,282 273,124 
Third Quarter 2023   
($ in thousands)GrossTaxNet
Net income (loss)
$112,517 23,309 89,208 
Components of OCI:   
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:   
Unrealized holding gains (losses) during the period(101,722)(21,361)(80,361)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities with credit loss recognized in earnings(32,898)(6,909)(25,989)
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
Net realized (gains) losses on disposals and intent-to-sell AFS securities4,628 972 3,656 
Credit loss (benefit) expense2,468 519 1,949 
    Total unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities(127,524)(26,779)(100,745)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans:   
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
   
Net actuarial (gain) loss756 158 598 
    Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans756 158 598 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(126,768)(26,621)(100,147)
Comprehensive income (loss)$(14,251)(3,312)(10,939)
Nine Months 2024
($ in thousands)GrossTaxNet
Net income (loss)
$138,955 27,478 111,477 
Components of OCI:
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) during the period163,558 34,347 129,211 
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities with credit loss recognized in earnings37,090 7,789 29,301 
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
Net realized (gains) losses on disposals and intent-to-sell AFS securities(1,284)(270)(1,014)
Credit loss (benefit) expense1,692 356 1,336 
Total unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities201,056 42,222 158,834 
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans:
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss2,901 609 2,292 
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans2,901 609 2,292 
Other comprehensive income (loss)203,957 42,831 161,126 
Comprehensive income (loss)$342,912 70,309 272,603 
Nine Months 2023
($ in thousands)GrossTaxNet
Net income (loss)
$301,433 61,043 240,390 
Components of OCI:
Unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities:
Unrealized holding gains (losses) during the period(96,478)(20,259)(76,219)
Unrealized gains (losses) on securities with credit loss recognized in earnings(16,497)(3,465)(13,032)
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
Net realized (gains) losses on disposals and intent-to-sell AFS securities20,115 4,224 15,891 
Credit loss (benefit) expense(7,925)(1,664)(6,261)
Total unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities(100,785)(21,164)(79,621)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans:
Amounts reclassified into net income (loss):
Net actuarial (gain) loss2,270 476 1,794 
Total defined benefit pension and post-retirement plans2,270 476 1,794 
Other comprehensive income (loss)(98,515)(20,688)(77,827)
Comprehensive income (loss)$202,918 40,355 162,563 

The balances of, and changes in, each component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") (net of taxes) as of September 30, 2024, were as follows:

September 30, 2024Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investment SecuritiesDefined Benefit Pension and Post-Retirement PlansTotal AOCI
($ in thousands)
Credit Loss Related1
All
Other
Investments
Subtotal
Balance, December 31, 2023
$(84,442)(194,628)(279,070)(93,931)(373,001)
OCI before reclassifications29,301 129,211 158,512 — 158,512 
Amounts reclassified from AOCI1,336 (1,014)322 2,292 2,614 
Net current period OCI30,637 128,197 158,834 2,292 161,126 
Balance, September 30, 2024
$(53,805)(66,431)(120,236)(91,639)(211,875)
1Represents change in unrealized gains (losses) on securities with credit loss recognized in earnings.
The reclassifications out of AOCI were as follows:

Quarter ended
September 30,
Nine Months ended
September 30,
Affected Line Item in the Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Income
($ in thousands)2024202320242023
Net realized (gains) losses on disposals and intent-to-sell AFS securities
Net realized (gains) losses
$(1,249)4,628 $(1,284)20,115 Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)
Tax (benefit) expense
263 (972)270 (4,224)Total federal income tax expense (benefit)
Net of taxes
(986)3,656 (1,014)15,891 Net income (loss)
Credit loss related
Credit loss (benefit) expense(2,191)2,468 1,692 (7,925)Net realized and unrealized investment gains (losses)
Tax (benefit) expense
459 (519)(356)1,664 Total federal income tax expense (benefit)
Net of taxes
(1,732)1,949 1,336 (6,261)Net income (loss)
Defined benefit pension and post-retirement life plans
Net actuarial loss 222 173 667 521 Loss and loss expense incurred
Net actuarial loss745 583 2,234 1,749 Other insurance expenses
Total
967 756 2,901 2,270 Income (loss) before federal income tax
Tax (benefit) expense(203)(158)(609)(476)Total federal income tax expense (benefit)
Net of taxes764 598 2,292 1,794 Net income (loss)
Total reclassifications for the period$(1,954)6,203 $2,614 11,424 Net income (loss)