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Pay vs Performance Disclosure | 1 Months Ended | 11 Months Ended | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 USD ($)
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table |  |  | PAY VERSUS PERFORMANCE The table below discloses “Compensation Actually Paid” (“CAP”), calculated under SEC rules, for (i) Selective’s principal executive officer (“PEO”) and (ii) Selective’s NEOs other than the PEO, on an average basis, as well as certain financial performance measures for Selective for the past four fiscal years. Mr. Marchioni served as PEO during 2023, 2022 and 2021. During 2020, Gregory E. Murphy served as PEO until January 31, 2020, after which time Mr. Marchioni was appointed as PEO. Consistent with SEC rules, Selective has identified GAAP Combined Ratio as its “Company-Selected Measure,” an accepted insurance industry standard of profitability. Selective believes that this measure represents the most important financial performance measure used to link CAP to company performance. GAAP Combined Ratio is a key component of Selective’s compensation program, as described in our Compensation Discussion and Analysis section above. Pay Versus Performance Table
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On: |  |
Fiscal Year (a) | Summary Compensation Table (“SCT”) Total for PEO ($)(1) (b1) | SCT Table Total for PEO ($)(1) (b2) | CAP to PEO ($)(1)(2)(3) (c1) | CAP to PEO ($)(1)(2)(4) (c2) | Average SCT Total for Non-PEO NEOs ($)(5) (d) | Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs ($)(2)(5)(6) (e) | Total Share-Holder Return ($)(7) (f) | Peer Group Total Share-holder Return ($)(7) (g) | Net Income ($) (h) | GAAP Combined Ratio (%) (i)
2023 | 5,983,826 | – | 7,598,807 | – | 1,603,837 | 992,458 | 161.42 | 123.18 | 365,238 | 96.5
2022 | 5,810,187 | – | 7,100,961 | – | 1,958,112 | 2,282,919 | 142.03 | 108.70 | 224,886 | 95.1
2021 | 5,435,625 | – | 7,471,943 | – | 1,889,803 | 2,490,130 | 129.52 | 101.26 | 403,837 | 92.8
2020 | 5,130,406 | 5,370,502 | 5,319,126 | 5,606,083 | 2,196,253 | 2,287,992 | 104.46 | 90.45 | 246,355 | 94.9
(1) The dollar amounts reported in columns (b1) and (b2) are the amounts of total compensation reported for the Company’s PEO for each corresponding fiscal year in the “Total” column of the SCT. Mr. Marchioni served as PEO during 2023, 2022 and 2021. During 2020, Gregory E. Murphy served as PEO until January 31, 2020, after which time Mr. Marchioni was appointed as PEO. Mr. Murphy served as our Executive Chairman from February 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. Consistent with SEC rules, we have included Mr. Murphy’s total 2020 compensation, including his compensation for service as Executive Chairman from February 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, as reflected in Mr. Murphy’s total compensation amount set forth in columns (b2) and (c2). No relationship can be drawn between PEO (c2) and performance measures because Mr. Murphy was only a PEO for one month of the reported disclosure period. (2) Consistent with SEC rules, we made the following adjustments to the SCT totals for NEOs to calculate CAP amounts:
| ◾ | Deducted the actuarial increase in the present value of each applicable NEO’s pension benefits under SICA’s defined benefit pension plans, which represented changes in pension values primarily attributable to an increase in the discount rate used to calculate present value and the use of the most-recently released mortality tables. See tables below for quantitative detail for the PEOs and non-PEO NEOs.
| ◾ | Added changes in pension values attributable to current years’ service and any change in pension value attributable to plan amendments made during each fiscal year. Our pension plan is closed to new entrants and existing participants ceased accruing benefits after March 31, 2016. There were no amendments to the pension plan in each fiscal year that changed that pension value.
| ◾ | Deducted the grant date fair values for the performance-based restricted stock unit (“RSU”) and performance-based cash incentive unit (“CIU”) awards granted to the NEOs. See tables below for quantitative detail for the PEOs and non-PEO NEOs.
| ◾ | Added the fair values of performance-based RSU (and related accrued dividend equivalent units) and performance-based CIU awards granted to the NEOs in each year, valued as of each fiscal year end. See tables below for quantitative detail for the PEO and non-PEO NEOs.
| ◾ | Added the year-over-year change in fair value of the prior years' unvested performance-based RSU (and related accrued dividend equivalent units) and performance-based CIU awards, and the awards that vested during each fiscal year. See tables below for quantitative detail for the PEO and non-PEO NEOs.
Additionally, assumptions made in the valuation of the 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020 grants of performance-based RSU awards, and the 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020 grants of performance-based CIU awards that differ materially from those disclosed as of the grant date of such awards include adjustment of:
| ◾ | Selective's common stock price per share and reinvested dividends to reflect the measurement date value (instead of the common stock price per share and reinvested dividends at grant date). Measurement date represents each fiscal year end or the date of vesting for those awards that vested in each fiscal year.
| ◾ | Per unit values for the performance-based CIU awards for the TSR value at the measurement date (instead of using the initial per unit value of $100).
| ◾ | The peer group multiplier for CIU awards to reflect the Monte Carlo valuation received at the measurement date, recorded on a one-quarter lag (instead of using the initial peer group multiplier of 100%).
(3) The following table reconciles SCT Total for PEO (b1) to Total CAP to PEO (c1):
PEO (c1): | Fiscal Year 2023 | Fiscal Year 2022 | Fiscal Year 2021 | Fiscal Year 2021
SCT Total ($) (A) | 5,983,826 | 5,810,187 | 5,435,625 | 5,130,406
Deducted from SCT: Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (B) | 130,795 | – | – | 239,169
Added to CAP: Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments ($) (C) | – | – | – | –
Deducted from SCT: Grant Date Fair Value of Awards ($) (D) | 2,764,181 | 2,628,160 | 2,124,100 | 1,648,685
Added to CAP: Fair Value of Awards Granted in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (E) | 3,264,588 | 3,420,746 | 3,075,273 | 1,810,867
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Unvested Awards ($)(1) (F) | 1,001,299 | 584,812 | 1,093,366 | 244,246
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (G) | 244,070 | (86,623) | (8,221) | 21,461
Total CAP (A - B + C - D + E + F + G) | 7,598,807 | 7,100,961 | 7,471,943 | 5,319,126
(1) The table below shows information on performance-based RSU awards and performance-based CIU awards previously granted to PEO (c1).
PEO (c1):
Fiscal Year | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards Unvested ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($) | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid ($)
2023 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 2,071,218 | 696,533 | 244,070 | 3,011,821
CIUs | 1,193,370 | 304,766 | – | 1,498,136
Total | 3,264,588 | 1,001,299 | 244,070 | 4,509,957
2022 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 2,310,409 | 406,192 | (86,623) | 2,629,977
CIUs | 1,110,337 | 178,620 | – | 1,288,957
Total | 3,420,746 | 584,812 | (86,623) | 3,918,934
2021 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 2,052,416 | 598,684 | (36,748) | 2,614,352
CIUs | 1,022,857 | 494,682 | 28,527 | 1,546,066
Total | 3,075,273 | 1,093,366 | (8,221) | 4,160,419
2020 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 1,255,857 | 117,570 | 54,475 | 1,427,902
CIUs | 555,010 | 126,676 | (33,014) | 648,673
Total | 1,810,867 | 244,246 | 21,461 | 2,076,575
(4) The following table reconciles SCT Total for PEO (b2) to Total CAP to PEO (c2):
PEO (c2): | Fiscal Year 2023 | Fiscal Year 2022 | Fiscal Year 2021 | Fiscal Year 2020
SCT Total ($) (A) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5,370,502
Deducted from SCT: Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (B) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 380,329
Added to CAP: Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments ($) (C) | n/a | n/a | n/a | –
Deducted from SCT: Grant Date Fair Value of Awards ($) (D) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2,100,004
Added to CAP: Fair Value of Awards Granted in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (E) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2,284,638
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Unvested Awards ($)(1) (F) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 395,669
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal ($)(1) (G) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 35,607
Total CAP (A - B + C - D + E + F + G) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5,606,083
(1) The table below shows information on performance-based RSUs and performance-based CIUs previously granted to PEO (c2).
PEO (c2):
Fiscal Year | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards Unvested ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($) | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid ($)
2023 |  |  |  |
RSUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
CIUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
Total | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
2022 |  |  |  |
RSUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
CIUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
Total | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
2021 |  |  |  |
RSUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
CIUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
Total | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
2020 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 1,599,049 | 190,096 | 90,788 | 1,879,933
CIUs | 685,589 | 205,573 | (55,181) | 835,981
Total | 2,284,638 | 395,669 | 35,607 | 2,715,914
(5) The dollar amounts reported in column (d) are the average amounts of total compensation reported for the Non-PEO NEOs for each corresponding fiscal year in the “Total” column of the SCT. For 2023, the Non-PEO NEOs were Messrs. Harnett, Lanza, Senia, and Wilcox and Ms. Hall. For 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Non-PEO NEOs were Messrs. Wilcox, Lanza, and Senia, and Ms. Hall. (6) The following table reconciles Average SCT Total for Non-PEO NEOs (d) to Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs (e):
Average for Non-PEO NEOs: | Fiscal Year 2023 | Fiscal Year 2022 | Fiscal Year 2021 | Fiscal Year 2020
SCT Total ($) (A) | 1,603,837 | 1,958,112 | 1,889,803 | 2,196,253
Deducted from SCT: Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (B) | 29,919 | – | – | 101,198
Added to CAP: Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments ($) (C) | – | – | – | –
Deducted from SCT: Grant Date Fair Value of Awards ($) (D) | 615,769 | 665,944 | 580,838 | 637,958
Added to CAP: Fair Value of Awards Granted in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (E) | 437,329 | 863,214 | 835,690 | 698,107
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Unvested Awards ($)(1) (F) | 132,153 | 158,607 | 348,738 | 120,014
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (G) | 62,458 | (31,070) | (3,263) | 12,774
Deducted from CAP: Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years Not Meeting Vesting Conditions ($)(1) (H) | 597,631(2) | – | – | –
Total CAP (A - B + C - D + E + F + G - H) | 992,458(3) | 2,282,919 | 2,490,130 | 2,287,992
(1) The table below shows information on performance-based RSUs and performance-based CIUs previously granted to the Non-PEO NEOs.
| Average for Non-PEO NEOs:
Fiscal Year | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards Unvested ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($) | Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years Not Meeting Vesting Conditions ($) | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid ($)
2023 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 277,099 | 90,533 | 62,458 | (399,002) | 31,088
CIUs | 160,230 | 41,620 | – | (198,629) | 3,221
Total | 437,329 | 132,153 | 62,458 | (597,631) | 34,309
2022 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 583,518 | 108,458 | (31,070) | – | 660,907
CIUs | 279,695 | 50,149 | – | – | 329,844
Total | 863,214 | 158,607 | (31,070) | – | 990,751
2021 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 559,612 | 188,746 | (14,317) | – | 734,040
CIUs | 276,078 | 159,992 | 11,054 | – | 447,124
Total | 835,690 | 348,738 | (3,263) | – | 1,181,165
2020 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 485,891 | 55,881 | 32,425 | – | 574,197
CIUs | 212,216 | 64,133 | (19,651) | – | 256,698
Total | 698,107 | 120,014 | 12,774 | – | 830,894
(2) Average includes a ($2,988,157) adjustment related to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeited 2021 and 2022 RSU and CIU awards. (3) Average includes no fair value adjustment related to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeited 2023 RSU and CIU awards and a ($2,988,157) adjustment for his forfeited 2021 and 2022 RSU and CIU awards. (7) We used our peer group for purposes of Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K to calculate peer group total shareholder return. The peer group is a select group of peer companies comprised of Nasdaq-listed companies in SIC Code 6330-6339, Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance provided to us by Research Data Group, Inc. The peer group was comprised of the same companies for the 2020-2022 data presented. In 2023, Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc. was added to the peer group and Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Unico American Corporation were removed from the peer group, as they were both delisted from Nasdaq. |  |  |
Company Selected Measure Name |  |  | GAAP Combined Ratio |  |  |
Named Executive Officers, Footnote |  |  | (1) The dollar amounts reported in columns (b1) and (b2) are the amounts of total compensation reported for the Company’s PEO for each corresponding fiscal year in the “Total” column of the SCT. Mr. Marchioni served as PEO during 2023, 2022 and 2021. During 2020, Gregory E. Murphy served as PEO until January 31, 2020, after which time Mr. Marchioni was appointed as PEO. Mr. Murphy served as our Executive Chairman from February 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020. Consistent with SEC rules, we have included Mr. Murphy’s total 2020 compensation, including his compensation for service as Executive Chairman from February 1, 2020 through December 31, 2020, as reflected in Mr. Murphy’s total compensation amount set forth in columns (b2) and (c2). No relationship can be drawn between PEO (c2) and performance measures because Mr. Murphy was only a PEO for one month of the reported disclosure period. (5) The dollar amounts reported in column (d) are the average amounts of total compensation reported for the Non-PEO NEOs for each corresponding fiscal year in the “Total” column of the SCT. For 2023, the Non-PEO NEOs were Messrs. Harnett, Lanza, Senia, and Wilcox and Ms. Hall. For 2022, 2021, and 2020, the Non-PEO NEOs were Messrs. Wilcox, Lanza, and Senia, and Ms. Hall. |  |  |
Peer Group Issuers, Footnote |  |  | (7) We used our peer group for purposes of Item 201(e) of Regulation S-K to calculate peer group total shareholder return. The peer group is a select group of peer companies comprised of Nasdaq-listed companies in SIC Code 6330-6339, Fire, Marine, and Casualty Insurance provided to us by Research Data Group, Inc. The peer group was comprised of the same companies for the 2020-2022 data presented. In 2023, Skyward Specialty Insurance Group, Inc. was added to the peer group and Trean Insurance Group, Inc. and Unico American Corporation were removed from the peer group, as they were both delisted from Nasdaq. |  |  |
PEO Total Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 5,983,826 |  |  |
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 7,598,807 |  |  |
Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote |  |  | (3) The following table reconciles SCT Total for PEO (b1) to Total CAP to PEO (c1):
PEO (c1): | Fiscal Year 2023 | Fiscal Year 2022 | Fiscal Year 2021 | Fiscal Year 2021
SCT Total ($) (A) | 5,983,826 | 5,810,187 | 5,435,625 | 5,130,406
Deducted from SCT: Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (B) | 130,795 | – | – | 239,169
Added to CAP: Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments ($) (C) | – | – | – | –
Deducted from SCT: Grant Date Fair Value of Awards ($) (D) | 2,764,181 | 2,628,160 | 2,124,100 | 1,648,685
Added to CAP: Fair Value of Awards Granted in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (E) | 3,264,588 | 3,420,746 | 3,075,273 | 1,810,867
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Unvested Awards ($)(1) (F) | 1,001,299 | 584,812 | 1,093,366 | 244,246
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (G) | 244,070 | (86,623) | (8,221) | 21,461
Total CAP (A - B + C - D + E + F + G) | 7,598,807 | 7,100,961 | 7,471,943 | 5,319,126
(1) The table below shows information on performance-based RSU awards and performance-based CIU awards previously granted to PEO (c1).
PEO (c1):
Fiscal Year | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards Unvested ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($) | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid ($)
2023 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 2,071,218 | 696,533 | 244,070 | 3,011,821
CIUs | 1,193,370 | 304,766 | – | 1,498,136
Total | 3,264,588 | 1,001,299 | 244,070 | 4,509,957
2022 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 2,310,409 | 406,192 | (86,623) | 2,629,977
CIUs | 1,110,337 | 178,620 | – | 1,288,957
Total | 3,420,746 | 584,812 | (86,623) | 3,918,934
2021 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 2,052,416 | 598,684 | (36,748) | 2,614,352
CIUs | 1,022,857 | 494,682 | 28,527 | 1,546,066
Total | 3,075,273 | 1,093,366 | (8,221) | 4,160,419
2020 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 1,255,857 | 117,570 | 54,475 | 1,427,902
CIUs | 555,010 | 126,676 | (33,014) | 648,673
Total | 1,810,867 | 244,246 | 21,461 | 2,076,575
(4) The following table reconciles SCT Total for PEO (b2) to Total CAP to PEO (c2):
PEO (c2): | Fiscal Year 2023 | Fiscal Year 2022 | Fiscal Year 2021 | Fiscal Year 2020
SCT Total ($) (A) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5,370,502
Deducted from SCT: Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (B) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 380,329
Added to CAP: Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments ($) (C) | n/a | n/a | n/a | –
Deducted from SCT: Grant Date Fair Value of Awards ($) (D) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2,100,004
Added to CAP: Fair Value of Awards Granted in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (E) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 2,284,638
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Unvested Awards ($)(1) (F) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 395,669
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal ($)(1) (G) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 35,607
Total CAP (A - B + C - D + E + F + G) | n/a | n/a | n/a | 5,606,083
(1) The table below shows information on performance-based RSUs and performance-based CIUs previously granted to PEO (c2).
PEO (c2):
Fiscal Year | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards Unvested ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($) | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid ($)
2023 |  |  |  |
RSUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
CIUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
Total | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
2022 |  |  |  |
RSUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
CIUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
Total | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
2021 |  |  |  |
RSUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
CIUs | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
Total | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a
2020 |  |  |  |
RSUs | 1,599,049 | 190,096 | 90,788 | 1,879,933
CIUs | 685,589 | 205,573 | (55,181) | 835,981
Total | 2,284,638 | 395,669 | 35,607 | 2,715,914
Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 1,603,837 | $ 1,958,112 | $ 1,889,803 | $ 2,196,253
Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount |  |  | $ 992,458 | 2,282,919 | 2,490,130 | 2,287,992
Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote |  |  | (6) The following table reconciles Average SCT Total for Non-PEO NEOs (d) to Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs (e):
Average for Non-PEO NEOs: | Fiscal Year 2023 | Fiscal Year 2022 | Fiscal Year 2021 | Fiscal Year 2020
SCT Total ($) (A) | 1,603,837 | 1,958,112 | 1,889,803 | 2,196,253
Deducted from SCT: Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings ($) (B) | 29,919 | – | – | 101,198
Added to CAP: Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments ($) (C) | – | – | – | –
Deducted from SCT: Grant Date Fair Value of Awards ($) (D) | 615,769 | 665,944 | 580,838 | 637,958
Added to CAP: Fair Value of Awards Granted in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (E) | 437,329 | 863,214 | 835,690 | 698,107
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Unvested Awards ($)(1) (F) | 132,153 | 158,607 | 348,738 | 120,014
Added to CAP: Change in Fair Value of Prior Years' Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($)(1) (G) | 62,458 | (31,070) | (3,263) | 12,774
Deducted from CAP: Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years Not Meeting Vesting Conditions ($)(1) (H) | 597,631(2) | – | – | –
Total CAP (A - B + C - D + E + F + G - H) | 992,458(3) | 2,282,919 | 2,490,130 | 2,287,992
(1) The table below shows information on performance-based RSUs and performance-based CIUs previously granted to the Non-PEO NEOs.
| Average for Non-PEO NEOs:
Fiscal Year | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards Unvested ($) | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years’ Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year ($) | Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years Not Meeting Vesting Conditions ($) | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid ($)
2023 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 277,099 | 90,533 | 62,458 | (399,002) | 31,088
CIUs | 160,230 | 41,620 | – | (198,629) | 3,221
Total | 437,329 | 132,153 | 62,458 | (597,631) | 34,309
2022 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 583,518 | 108,458 | (31,070) | – | 660,907
CIUs | 279,695 | 50,149 | – | – | 329,844
Total | 863,214 | 158,607 | (31,070) | – | 990,751
2021 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 559,612 | 188,746 | (14,317) | – | 734,040
CIUs | 276,078 | 159,992 | 11,054 | – | 447,124
Total | 835,690 | 348,738 | (3,263) | – | 1,181,165
2020 |  |  |  |  |
RSUs | 485,891 | 55,881 | 32,425 | – | 574,197
CIUs | 212,216 | 64,133 | (19,651) | – | 256,698
Total | 698,107 | 120,014 | 12,774 | – | 830,894
(2) Average includes a ($2,988,157) adjustment related to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeited 2021 and 2022 RSU and CIU awards. (3) Average includes no fair value adjustment related to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeited 2023 RSU and CIU awards and a ($2,988,157) adjustment for his forfeited 2021 and 2022 RSU and CIU awards. |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return |  |  | CAP versus Selective TSR In each of 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, Selective markedly outperformed the Peer Group TSR. The relationship between CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs to Selective’s TSR was moderately correlated, as both CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs increased from 2020 to 2021, as Selective’s TSR increased. However, from 2021 to 2022, CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased, while Selective’s TSR increased. From 2022 to 2023, CAP to PEO (c1) increased as TSR also increased, but Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased primarily due to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeiture of outstanding long-term incentive compensation awards upon his departure. |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income |  |  | CAP versus Selective Net Income The relationship between CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs to Selective’s net income was reasonably correlated for 2020 through 2023. CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs increased as net income increased for 2020 to 2021. CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased as net income decreased for 2021 to 2022. For 2022 to 2023, CAP to PEO (c1) increased as net income increased, but Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased primarily due to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeiture of outstanding long-term incentive compensation awards upon his departure. |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure |  |  | CAP versus Selective GAAP Combined Ratio For each of 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020 Selective generated strong GAAP combined ratio results. The relationship between CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs to Selective’s GAAP combined ratio for 2020 through 2023 was reasonably correlated. CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs increased as GAAP combined ratio improved for 2020 to 2021. CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased for 2021 to 2022 as the GAAP combined ratio weakened. For 2022 to 2023, CAP to PEO (c1) increased modestly due to stock price appreciation as the GAAP combined ratio weakened marginally, while the Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased, in part due to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeiture of outstanding long-term incentive compensation awards upon his departure. |  |  |
Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group |  |  | CAP versus Selective TSR In each of 2023, 2022, 2021, and 2020, Selective markedly outperformed the Peer Group TSR. The relationship between CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs to Selective’s TSR was moderately correlated, as both CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs increased from 2020 to 2021, as Selective’s TSR increased. However, from 2021 to 2022, CAP to PEO (c1) and Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased, while Selective’s TSR increased. From 2022 to 2023, CAP to PEO (c1) increased as TSR also increased, but Average CAP to Non-PEO NEOs decreased primarily due to Mr. Wilcox’s forfeiture of outstanding long-term incentive compensation awards upon his departure. |  |  |
Tabular List, Table |  |  | Important Financial Performance Measures The following unranked tabular list sets forth the most important performance measures used by Selective to link CAP for all NEOs to company performance for 2023:
GAAP Combined Ratio
Cumulative non-GAAP operating ROE* / cumulative statutory operating return on policyholders’ surplus
Cumulative policy count growth
Cumulative statutory net premiums written growth
Profitability improvement
Expense management and operational efficiency
Customer experience
* See the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section of this Proxy Statement for a discussion of non-GAAP operating ROE, which is a non-GAAP performance measure. |  |  |
Total Shareholder Return Amount |  |  | $ 161.42 | 142.03 | 129.52 | 104.46
Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount |  |  | 123.18 | 108.7 | 101.26 | 90.45
Net Income (Loss) |  |  | $ 365,238 | $ 224,886 | $ 403,837 | $ 246,355
Company Selected Measure Amount |  |  | 96.5 | 95.1 | 92.8 | 94.9
PEO Name | Gregory E. Murphy | Mr. Marchioni | Mr. Marchioni | Mr. Marchioni | Mr. Marchioni |
Measure:: 1 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | GAAP Combined Ratio |  |  |
Measure:: 2 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Cumulative non-GAAP operating ROE* / cumulative statutory operating return on policyholders’ surplus |  |  |
Measure:: 3 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Cumulative policy count growth |  |  |
Measure:: 4 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Cumulative statutory net premiums written growth |  |  |
Measure:: 5 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Profitability improvement |  |  |
Measure:: 6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Expense management and operational efficiency |  |  |
Measure:: 7 |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Name |  |  | Customer experience |  |  |
Mr. Murphy [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
PEO Total Compensation Amount |  |  | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 5,370,502
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5,606,083
Mr. Marchioni [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
PEO Total Compensation Amount |  |  | 5,983,826 | 5,810,187 | 5,435,625 | 5,130,406
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount |  |  | 7,598,807 | 7,100,961 | 7,471,943 | 5,319,126
Mr. Wilcox [Member] | Adjustment For Equity Awards Forfeited RSU and CIU Awards [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (2,988,157) |  |  |
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Pension Adjustments Pension Value In Summary Compensation Table [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | (380,329)
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 0
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Equity Awards Value In Summary Compensation Table (Grant Date Value) |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | (2,100,004)
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 2,715,914
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Year-end Fair Value Of Awards Granted In The Current Fiscal Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 2,284,638
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Awards Granted In Prior Fiscal Years [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 395,669
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Prior Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 35,607
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 1,599,049
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards Unvested, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 190,096
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 90,788
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 1,879,933
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 685,589
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards Unvested, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 205,573
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | (55,181)
PEO | Mr. Murphy [Member] | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  |  |  |  | 835,981
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Pension Adjustments Pension Value In Summary Compensation Table [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (130,795) | 0 | 0 | (239,169)
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Equity Awards Value In Summary Compensation Table (Grant Date Value) |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (2,764,181) | (2,628,160) | (2,124,100) | (1,648,685)
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 4,509,957 | 3,918,934 | 4,160,419 | 2,076,575
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Year-end Fair Value Of Awards Granted In The Current Fiscal Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 3,264,588 | 3,420,746 | 3,075,273 | 1,810,867
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Awards Granted In Prior Fiscal Years [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 1,001,299 | 584,812 | 1,093,366 | 244,246
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Prior Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 244,070 | (86,623) | (8,221) | 21,461
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 2,071,218 | 2,310,409 | 2,052,416 | 1,255,857
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards Unvested, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 696,533 | 406,192 | 598,684 | 117,570
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 244,070 | (86,623) | (36,748) | 54,475
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 3,011,821 | 2,629,977 | 2,614,352 | 1,427,902
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 1,193,370 | 1,110,337 | 1,022,857 | 555,010
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards Unvested, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 304,766 | 178,620 | 494,682 | 126,676
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 0 | 0 | 28,527 | (33,014)
PEO | Mr. Marchioni [Member] | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 1,498,136 | 1,288,957 | 1,546,066 | 648,673
Non-PEO NEO | Pension Adjustments Pension Value In Summary Compensation Table [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (29,919) | 0 | 0 | (101,198)
Non-PEO NEO | Pension Value Attributable to Fiscal Years' Service and Plan Amendments [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0
Non-PEO NEO | Equity Awards Value In Summary Compensation Table (Grant Date Value) |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (615,769) | (665,944) | (580,838) | (637,958)
Non-PEO NEO | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 34,309 | 990,751 | 1,181,165 | 830,894
Non-PEO NEO | Year-end Fair Value Of Awards Granted In The Current Fiscal Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 437,329 | 863,214 | 835,690 | 698,107
Non-PEO NEO | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Awards Granted In Prior Fiscal Years [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 132,153 | 158,607 | 348,738 | 120,014
Non-PEO NEO | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Prior Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 62,458 | (31,070) | (3,263) | 12,774
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 277,099 | 583,518 | 559,612 | 485,891
Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards Unvested, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 90,533 | 108,458 | 188,746 | 55,881
Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 62,458 | (31,070) | (14,317) | 32,425
Non-PEO NEO | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid, RSUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 31,088 | 660,907 | 734,040 | 574,197
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value of Equity Awards Granted in Fiscal Year at Fiscal Year End, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 160,230 | 279,695 | 276,078 | 212,216
Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards Unvested, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 41,620 | 50,149 | 159,992 | 64,133
Non-PEO NEO | Change in Fair Value of Prior Years Awards that Vested in Fiscal Year, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 0 | 0 | 11,054 | (19,651)
Non-PEO NEO | Equity Fair Value Included in Compensation Actually Paid, CIUs [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | 3,221 | 329,844 | 447,124 | 256,698
Non-PEO NEO | Adjustments For Equity Awards Failed To Meet Performance Conditions [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (597,631) | 0 | 0 | 0
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted in Prior Fiscal Years Not Meeting Vesting Conditions [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (597,631) | 0 | 0 | 0
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted Not Meeting Vesting Conditions Restricted Stock Units [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | (399,002) | 0 | 0 | 0
Non-PEO NEO | Fair Value at End of Prior Fiscal Year on Awards Granted Not Meeting Vesting Conditions Cash Incentive Units [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  |  | $ (198,629) | $ 0 | $ 0 | $ 0

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