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Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2025
Insurance Loss Reserves [Abstract]  
Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense Reserve for Loss and Loss Expense
The table below provides a roll forward of the reserve for loss and loss expense for beginning and ending reserve balances:

Six Months ended
June 30,
($ in thousands)20252024
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period$6,589,801 5,336,911 
Less: reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at beginning of period1,022,245 618,601 
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at beginning of period5,567,556 4,718,310 
Incurred loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:  
Current year1,535,575 1,442,719 
Prior years34,648 187,121 
Total incurred loss and loss expense1,570,223 1,629,840 
Paid loss and loss expense for claims occurring in the:  
Current year320,366 347,501 
Prior years865,344 753,658 
Total paid loss and loss expense1,185,710 1,101,159 
Net reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period5,952,069 5,246,991 
Add: Reinsurance recoverable on unpaid loss and loss expense, at end of period859,087 656,534 
Gross reserve for loss and loss expense, at end of period$6,811,156 5,903,525 

Prior year reserve development in Six Months 2025 was unfavorable by $34.6 million, consisting of $50.0 million of unfavorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $15.4 million of favorable property reserve development. Our Standard Commercial Lines segment drove the unfavorable casualty reserve development consisting of (i) $25.0 million in our commercial automobile line of business, related to increased severities primarily in accident years 2022 through 2024 and (ii) $20.0 million in our general liability line of business, driven by higher severities primarily in accident years 2022 and 2023. We also had unfavorable development of $5.0 million in our personal automobile line of business, primarily related to increased severities in accident year 2024.
Prior year reserve development in Six Months 2024 was unfavorable by $187.1 million, consisting of $211.0 million of unfavorable casualty reserve development, partially offset by $23.9 million of favorable property reserve development. Our Standard Commercial Lines segment drove the unfavorable casualty reserve development consisting of (i) $216.0 million in our general liability line of business, primarily driven by increased severities in accident years 2020 through 2023, (ii) $10.0 million in our commercial automobile line of business, partially offset by (iii) $15.0 million of favorable casualty reserve development in our workers compensation line of business.

Additionally in Six Months 2024, in our Standard Personal Lines segment, we had unfavorable casualty reserve development of $5.0 million in our personal automobile line of business, offset by favorable development of $5.0 million in our homeowners line of business.