REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregated Revenue

The following table presents PGE’s revenue, disaggregated by customer type (in millions):



	Year Ended December 31, 2018
Retail:
Residential	$	948
Commercial	647
Industrial	185
Direct access customers	43
Subtotal	1,823
Alternative revenue programs, net of amortization	3
Other accrued (deferred) revenues, net⁽¹⁾	(45		)
Total retail revenues	1,781
Wholesale revenues⁽²⁾	159
Other operating revenues	51
Total revenues	$	1,991

(1) Amount primarily related to the regulatory liability deferral of the 2018 net tax benefits due to the change in corporate tax rate under the TCJA. For further information, see Note 12, Income Taxes.

(2) Wholesale revenues include $42 million related to electricity commodity contract derivative settlements for the year ended December 31, 2018. Price risk management derivative activities are included within Total revenues but do not represent revenues from contracts with customers pursuant to Topic 606. For further information, see Note 6, Risk Management.

Retail Revenues

The Company’s primary revenue source is generated through the sale of electricity to customers based on regulated tariff-based prices. Retail customers are classified as residential, commercial, or industrial. Residential customers include single family housing, multiple family housing (such as apartments, duplexes, and town homes), manufactured homes, and small farms. Residential demand is sensitive to the effects of weather, with demand highest during the winter heating season and summer cooling season. Commercial customers consist of non-residential customers who accept energy deliveries at voltages equivalent to those delivered to residential customers. Commercial customers include most businesses, small industrial companies, and public street and highway lighting accounts. Industrial customers consist of non-residential customers who accept delivery at higher voltages than commercial customers. Demand from industrial customers is primarily driven by economic conditions, with weather having little impact on energy use by this customer class.

In accordance with state regulations, PGE’s retail customer prices are based on the Company’s cost of service and are determined through general rate case proceedings and various tariff filings with the OPUC. Additionally, the Company offers pricing options that include a daily market price option, various time-of-use options, and several renewable energy options for residential and small commercial customers.

PGE’s obligation to sell electricity to retail customers generally represents a single performance obligation representing a series of distinct goods that are substantially the same and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer that is satisfied over time as customers simultaneously receive and consume the benefits provided. PGE applies the invoice method to measure its progress towards satisfactorily completing its performance obligations to transfer each distinct delivery of electricity in the series to the customer.

Pursuant to regulation by the OPUC, PGE is mandated to maintain several tariff schedules to collect funds from customers associated with activities for the benefit of the general public, such as conservation, low-income housing, energy efficiency, renewable energy programs, and privilege taxes. For such programs, PGE generally collects the funds and remits the amounts to third party agencies that administer the programs. In these arrangements, PGE is considered to be an agent, as PGE’s performance obligation is to facilitate a transaction between customers and the administrators of these programs. Therefore, such amounts are presented on a net basis and are not reflected in Revenues, net within the consolidated statements of income.

Wholesale Revenues

PGE participates in the wholesale electricity marketplace in order to balance its supply of power to meet the needs of its retail customers. Interconnected transmission systems in the western United States serve utilities with diverse load requirements and allow the Company to purchase and sell electricity within the region depending upon the relative price and availability of power, hydro and wind conditions, and daily and seasonal retail demand.

The majority of PGE’s wholesale electricity sales is to utilities and power marketers, is predominantly short-term, and consists of a single performance obligation satisfied as energy is transferred to the counterparty. The Company may choose to net certain purchase and sale transactions in which it would simultaneously receive and deliver physical power with the same counterparty; in such cases, only the net amount of those purchases or sales required to meet retail and wholesale obligations will be physically settled and recorded in Wholesale Revenues.

Other Operating Revenues

Other operating revenues consist primarily of gains and losses on the sale of natural gas volumes purchased that exceeded what was needed to fuel the Company’s generating facilities, as well as revenues from transmission services, excess transmission capacity resales, excess fuel sales, utility pole attachment revenues, and other electric services provided to customers.