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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes Note [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES Income tax expense/(benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 12 |
State and local | 17 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 22 |
| 23 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 34 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (22) |  |  | (2) |  |  | (15) |
State and local | (1) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (2) |
| (23) |  |  | 6 |  |  | (17) |
Income tax expense | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 17 |
The significant differences between the U.S. Federal statutory rate and PGE’s Effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes are as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Federal tax credits(1) | (20.5) |  |  | (13.4) |  |  | (16.7) |
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit(2) | 10.1 |  |  | 6.5 |  |  | 6.5 |
Flow through depreciation and cost basis differences | (4.9) |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 1.5 |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax(3) | (4.7) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  | (4.1) |
Other | (1.0) |  |  | (0.7) |  |  | (0.8) |
Effective tax rate | — | % |  | 11.2 | % |  | 7.4 | %
(1) Federal tax credits consist primarily of production tax credits (PTCs) earned from Company-owned wind-powered generating facilities. The federal PTCs are earned based on a per-kilowatt hour rate, and as a result, the annual amount of PTCs earned will vary based on weather conditions and availability of the facilities. The PTCs are generated for 10 years from the corresponding facilities’ in-service dates. PGE’s PTC generation ended or will end at various dates between 2017 and 2030. (2) In 2019, Oregon enacted HB 3427, which imposed a new gross receipts tax on companies with annual revenues in excess of $1 million and applies to tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2020. The legislation defines that the tax applies to commercial activities sourced in Oregon, less certain deductions. The resulting amount is taxed at 0.57%. (3) The majority of excess deferred income taxes related to remeasurement under the TCJA is subject to IRS normalization rules and will be amortized over the remaining regulatory life of the assets using the average rate assumption method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in millions):
| As of December 31,
| 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
Employee benefits | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 119 |
Price risk management | 29 |  |  | 26 |
Regulatory liabilities | 23 |  |  | 22 |
Tax credits | 77 |  |  | 64 |
Total deferred income tax assets | 265 |  |  | 231 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 504 |  |  | 496 |
Regulatory assets | 128 |  |  | 103 |
Other | 7 |  |  | 10 |
Total deferred income tax liabilities | 639 |  |  | 609 |
Deferred income tax liability, net | $ | 374 |  |  | $ | 378 |
As of December 31, 2020, PGE has federal credit carryforwards of $77 million, consisting of PTCs, which will expire at various dates through 2040. PGE believes that it is more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 will be realized; accordingly, no valuation allowance has been recorded. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, PGE had no material unrecognized tax benefits. PGE and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company also files income tax returns in the states of Oregon, California, and Montana, and in certain local jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has completed its examination of all tax years through 2010 and all issues were resolved related to those years. The Company does not believe that any open tax years for federal or state income taxes could result in any adjustments that would be significant to the consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 + Details
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