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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Taxes Note [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES Income tax expense/(benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 4 |
State and local | 26 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 14 |
| 37 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 18 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | — |
State and local | 4 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 5 |
| 8 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 5 |
Income tax expense | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | 23 |
The significant differences between the U.S. Federal statutory rate and PGE’s Effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes are as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Federal tax credits (1) | (9.5) |  |  | (12.8) |  |  | (13.0) |
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 8.6 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 8.9 |
Flow through depreciation and cost basis differences | (0.4) |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | (0.2) |
Local tax flow-through adjustment (2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.2) |
Reversal of excess deferred income tax (3) | (3.9) |  |  | (4.5) |  |  | (4.8) |
Other | 0.6 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | (0.1) |
Effective tax rate | 16.4 | % |  | 14.3 | % |  | 8.6 | %
(1) Federal tax credits consist primarily of production tax credits (PTCs) earned from Company-owned wind-powered generating facilities. The federal PTCs are earned based on a per-kilowatt hour rate, and as a result, the annual amount of PTCs earned will vary based on weather conditions and availability of the facilities. The PTCs are generated for 10 years from the corresponding facilities’ in-service dates. PGE’s PTC generation will end at various dates through 2030. Federal tax credits also includes all other federal tax credits and related deferrals. The tax credit deferrals are established to provide the benefit back to customers over a period agreed upon with the OPUC. (2) In 2021, PGE recognized a regulatory asset to defer previously recorded deferred income tax expenses in the amount of $9 million with a corresponding credit to Income tax expense reflected in the consolidated statements of income for the year ended December 31, 2021. (3) The majority of excess deferred income taxes related to remeasurement under the TCJA is subject to IRS normalization rules and will be reversed over the remaining regulatory life of the assets using the average rate assumption method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in millions):
| As of December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
Employee benefits | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 99 |
Regulatory liabilities | 21 |  |  | 75 |
Tax credits | 73 |  |  | 102 |
Price risk management | 57 |  |  | — |
Total deferred income tax assets | 250 |  |  | 276 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 578 |  |  | 547 |
Price risk management | — |  |  | 54 |
Regulatory assets | 146 |  |  | 101 |
Other | 14 |  |  | 13 |
Total deferred income tax liabilities | 738 |  |  | 715 |
Deferred income tax liability, net | $ | 488 |  |  | $ | 439 |
As of December 31, 2023, PGE has federal credit carryforwards of $73 million, consisting of primarily PTCs, which will expire at various dates through 2043. PGE believes that it is more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2023 and 2022 will be realized; accordingly, no material valuation allowance has been recorded. As of December 31, 2023, and 2022, PGE had no material unrecognized tax benefits. PGE and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company also files income tax returns in the states of Oregon, California, and Montana, and in certain local jurisdictions. The Company files in other states to maintain compliance with remote worker rules and regulations. These additional state filings are not significant to the consolidated financial statements. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has completed its examination of all tax years through 2010 and all issues were resolved related to those years. The Company does not believe that any open tax years for federal or state income taxes could result in any adjustments that would be significant to the consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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