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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Income Taxes Note [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | INCOME TAXES Income tax expense/(benefit) consists of the following (in millions):
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 9 |
State and local | 12 |  |  | 26 |  |  | 24 |
| 14 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 33 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (2) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (1) |
State and local | 25 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 7 |
| 23 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 6 |
Income tax expense | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 39 |
The significant differences between the U.S. Federal statutory rate and PGE’s Effective tax rate for financial reporting purposes are as follows:
| Years Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Federal statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Federal tax credits (1) | (16.9) |  |  | (9.5) |  |  | (12.8) |
State and local taxes, net of federal tax benefit | 8.4 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 8.8 |
Flow through depreciation and cost basis differences | (0.9) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 0.8 |
Reversal of excess deferred income tax (2) | (2.6) |  |  | (3.9) |  |  | (4.5) |
Executive compensation | 1.3 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.6 |
Other | 0.4 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.4 |
Effective tax rate | 10.7 | % |  | 16.4 | % |  | 14.3 | %
(1) Federal tax credits consist primarily of PTCs earned from Company-owned wind-powered generating facilities. The federal PTCs are earned based on a per-kilowatt hour rate, and as a result, the annual amount of PTCs earned will vary based on weather conditions and availability of the facilities. The PTCs are generated for 10 years from the corresponding facilities’ in-service dates. PGE’s PTC generation will end at various dates through 2034. Federal tax credits also includes all other federal tax credits and related deferrals. The tax credit deferrals are established to provide the benefit back to customers over a period agreed upon with the OPUC. (2) The majority of excess deferred income taxes related to remeasurement under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is subject to Internal Revenue Service normalization rules and will be reversed over the remaining regulatory life of the assets using the average rate assumption method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities consist of the following (in millions):
| As of December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Deferred income tax assets: |  |  |
Employee benefits | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 99 |
Regulatory liabilities | 28 |  |  | 21 |
Tax credits | 69 |  |  | 73 |
Deferred investment tax credits | 14 |  |  | — |
Price risk management | 51 |  |  | 57 |
Total deferred income tax assets | 251 |  |  | 250 |
Deferred income tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 633 |  |  | 578 |
Regulatory assets | 169 |  |  | 146 |
Other | 13 |  |  | 14 |
Total deferred income tax liabilities | 815 |  |  | 738 |
Deferred income tax liability, net | $ | 564 |  |  | $ | 488 |
As of December 31, 2024, PGE has federal credit carryforwards of $69 million, consisting of primarily PTCs, which will expire at various dates through 2044. PGE believes that it is more likely than not that its deferred income tax assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 will be realized; accordingly, no material valuation allowance has been recorded. As of December 31, 2024, and 2023, PGE had no material unrecognized tax benefits. PGE and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return. The Company also files income tax returns in the states of Oregon, California, and Montana, and in certain local jurisdictions. The Company files in other states to maintain compliance with remote worker rules and regulations. These additional state filings are not significant to the consolidated financial statements. The Internal Revenue Service has completed its examination of all tax years through 2010 and all issues were resolved related to those years. The Company does not believe that any open tax years for federal or state income taxes could result in any adjustments that would be significant to the consolidated financial statements.

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