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Description of Business and Basis of Presentation (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2018
Organization Consolidation And Presentation Of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation | Basis of Presentation The accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet as of April 30, 2018 and the condensed consolidated statements of operations, the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive loss and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the three months ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, are unaudited. The condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of January 31, 2018 was derived from the audited consolidated financial statements that are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018 (the “Form 10-K”), which was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 22, 2018. The accompanying statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes contained in our Form 10-K. Other than items discussed under Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, there have been no other material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended April 30, 2018 from those disclosed in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the financial information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of our management, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements in the Form 10-K, and include all adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of our balance sheet as of April 30, 2018, and our results of operations, including our comprehensive loss, and our cash flows for the three months ended April 30, 2018 and 2017. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. The results for the three months ended April 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any subsequent quarter or for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2019. Certain prior period amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements and notes thereto have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not affect total revenues, operating income or net income.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make, on an ongoing basis, estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Such estimates include, but are not limited to, the determination of the allowance for accounts receivable, fair value of acquired intangible assets and goodwill, useful lives of acquired intangible assets and property and equipment, estimate of standalone selling price allocation included in contracts with multiple performance obligations, the estimated expected benefit period for deferred commissions, fair values of stock-based awards, legal contingencies, and the provision for income taxes, including related reserves, among others. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions which management believes to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
Certain Risks and Concentrations | Certain Risks and Concentrations Our financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and accounts receivable. Although we deposit our cash with multiple financial institutions, our deposits, at times, may exceed federally insured limits. We sell to a broad range of customers, including resellers. Our revenue is derived substantially from the United States across a multitude of industries. Accounts receivable are derived from the delivery of our services to customers primarily located in the United States. We accept and settle our accounts receivable using credit cards, electronic payments and checks. A majority of our lower dollar value invoices are settled by credit card on or near the date of the invoice. We do not require collateral from customers to secure accounts receivable. We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon the expected collectability, which takes into consideration specific customer creditworthiness and current economic trends. We believe collections of our accounts receivable are reasonably assured based on the size, industry diversification, financial condition and past transaction history of our customers. As of April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, one reseller, which is also a customer, accounted for more than 10% of total accounts receivable. One reseller, which is also a customer, represented over 10% of revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2018. No single customer represented over 10% of revenue for the three months ended April 30, 2017. We serve our customers and users from datacenter facilities operated by third parties. In order to reduce the risk of down time of our subscription services, we have established datacenters and third-party cloud computing and hosting providers in various locations in the United States and abroad. We have internal procedures to restore services in the event of disaster at any one of our current datacenter facilities. Even with these procedures for disaster recovery in place, our cloud services could be significantly interrupted during the implementation of the procedures to restore services. Geographic Locations For the three months ended April 30, 2018, revenue attributable to customers in the United States and customers outside the United States was 76% and 24%, respectively. For the three months ended April 30, 2017, revenue attributable to customers in the United States and customers outside the United States was 78% and 22%, respectively. No other country outside of the United States comprised 10% or greater of our revenue for any of the periods presented. Substantially all of our net assets are located in the United States. As of April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, property and equipment located in the United States was 93% and 95%, respectively.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements | Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2014-09 and its related amendments regarding Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (ASC Topic 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard provides principles for recognizing revenue for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers with the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The standard also provides guidance on the recognition of incremental costs related to obtaining customer contracts. We adopted ASC Topic 606, effective February 1, 2018, utilizing the modified retrospective method. This approach was applied to contracts that were not completed as of February 1, 2018, and the corresponding incremental costs of obtaining those contracts, which resulted in a cumulative effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulative deficit at date of adoption. The adoption of this ASU primarily impacts the timing of our revenue recognition for certain sales contracts, the capitalization and amortization of incremental costs of obtaining a contract, and related disclosures. The reported results for fiscal year 2019 reflect the application of ASC Topic 606, while the reported results for fiscal year 2018 are not adjusted and continue to be prepared under ASC Topic 605. Adoption Impact of ASC Topic 606 on the Opening Balance Sheet as of February 1, 2018 Under ASC Topic 606, there is a change in the timing of revenue recognition for certain sales contracts primarily due to the removal of the contingent revenue limitation pursuant to ASC Topic 605. Under ASC Topic 606, we capitalize costs based on the definition of incremental costs of obtaining a contract and commence amortization upon the transfer of services to the customer. Such costs are generally amortized over five years, which represents a longer period over which we had previously amortized, in order to align to an estimated expected benefit period under ASC Topic 606. Additionally, the scope of costs capitalized under ASC Topic 606 is significantly broader than the scope prior to ASC Topic 606, resulting in additional costs being capitalized. The adoption of ASC Topic 606 had no impact on our cash flows from operations. The following table summarizes the adjustments made to account on the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of February 1, 2018 as a result of applying the modified retrospective method to adopt ASC Topic 606 (in thousands):
|  | As Reported |  |  | Adjustments |  |  | As Adjusted |
|  | January 31, 2018 |  |  | Revenue Recognition |  |  | Incremental Costs of Obtaining a Contract |  |  | February 1, 2018 |
Accounts receivable * |  | $ | 162,133 |  |  | $ | 582 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 162,715 |
Deferred commission |  |  | 17,589 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (3,449 | ) |  |  | 14,140 |
Deferred commission, non-current ** |  |  | 8,330 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,855 |  |  |  | 41,185 |
Deferred revenue |  |  | 291,902 |  |  |  | (8,483 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 283,419 |
Deferred revenue, non-current |  |  | 29,021 |  |  |  | (1,331 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | 27,690 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (1,039,088 | ) |  |  | 10,396 |  |  |  | 29,406 |  |  |  | (999,286 | )
* Contract assets are reported as part of accounts receivable upon our adoption of ASC Topic 606. |
** As of January 31, 2018, deferred commission, non-current was reported as part of other long-term assets. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 31, 2018 was reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. |
The decrease of deferred revenue and increase to deferred commissions as of February 1, 2018 resulted in additional deferred tax liabilities that reduced our net deferred tax asset position. The net deferred tax assets in the jurisdictions impacted by the adoption of ASC Topic 606 were fully reserved and, accordingly, this impact was offset by a corresponding reduction to the valuation allowance with no resulting net impact to our net assets or accumulated deficit. In addition, the adoption of the ASC Topic 606 resulted in changes to our accounting estimates and policies for revenue recognition, deferred commissions, deferred revenue, and accounts receivable and related allowance. Please see Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a discussion of our updated policies. Ongoing ASC Topic 606 Financial Statement Impact as of and for the three months ended April 30, 2018 Refer to “Note 2. Revenue” for the ongoing ASC Topic 606 impact on the condensed consolidated financial statement line items as of and for the three months ended April 30, 2018. In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows: Restricted Cash. ASU 2016-18 requires entities to show the changes in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. Entities will no longer present transfers between cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. We adopted ASU 2016-18, effective February 1, 2018, utilizing the retrospective transition method to each period presented. The adoption of ASU 2016-18 had a material impact on our prior period consolidated statements of cash flows. We revised the prior period cash flow from operating activities, beginning cash and cash equivalents balance, and ending cash and cash equivalents balance to reflect the change in presentation of restricted cash. The cash flows from operating activities for fiscal year 2018 and fiscal year 2017 have been adjusted to $35.4 million and negative $2.4 million, as compared to the previously recorded $61.8 million and negative $1.2 million, respectively. Note that out of the $26.4 million decrease of cash flows from operating activities for fiscal year 2018 due to the adoption of this ASU, we had previously excluded the impact of the $25.0 million release of restricted cash for Non-GAAP purposes. For the three months ended April 30, 2018 and 2017, the adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, other than the change in presentation. As of April 30, 2018 and January 31, 2018, we had $0.4 million in restricted cash. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, and its related amendments in February 2018, ASU 2018-03, Technical Corrections and Improvements to Financial Instruments—Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 requires entities to measure equity instruments at fair value and recognize any changes in fair value within the statement of operations. We adopted ASU 2016-01 and 2018-03 effective February 1, 2018 on a prospective basis for our privately held strategic equity securities without readily determinable fair values. We elected the measurement alternative to record these investments at cost and to adjust for impairments and observable price changes with a same or similar security from the same issuer within the statement of operations. We assess our strategic investments portfolio quarterly for impairment. If the investment is considered to be other-than-temporarily impaired, we will record the investment at fair value by recognizing an impairment through the statement of operations and establishing a new carrying value for the investment. For the three months ended April 30, 2018, there was no adjustment for impairment or observable price change on the $0.1 million carrying value, which was included in other long-term assets on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. In addition, the adoption of the ASU 2016-01 and 2018-03 resulted in changes to our accounting policies for fair value of financial instruments. Please see Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for a discussion of our updated policies. In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16 related to the accounting for income tax effects on intra-entity asset transfers of assets other than inventory. The new guidance requires reporting entities to recognize tax expense from the sale of assets when the transfer occurs, even though the pre-tax effects of the transaction are eliminated in consolidation. We adopted ASU 2016-16 in the first quarter of fiscal year 2019 on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption did not result in a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases. ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to record most leases on their balance sheet while recognizing expense in a manner similar to current lease accounting guidance. ASU 2016-02 states that a lessee would recognize a lease liability for the obligation to make lease payments and a right-to-use asset for the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The new accounting guidance is effective for us beginning February 1, 2019, with early adoption permitted under the modified retrospective method. We are in the process of implementing changes to its systems, processes and controls, in conjunction with its review of existing lease agreements, in order to adopt the new standard in its first quarter of fiscal 2020. We expect that substantially all of our operating leases designated in “Note 6. Commitments and Contingencies” will be reported on the consolidated balance sheets upon adoption. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments- Credit Losses. ASU 2016-13 replaces the incurred loss impairment methodology in current U.S. GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial instruments, we will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. The new standard is effective for us beginning February 1, 2020, with early adoption permitted for annual periods beginning after February 1, 2019, and interim periods therein. Application of the amendments is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial statements.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Except for the accounting policies for revenue recognition, deferred commissions, deferred revenue, accounts receivable and related allowance, and fair value of financial instruments detailed under Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, there have been no other material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates during the three months ended April 30, 2018 from those disclosed in Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2018.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition We derive our revenue primarily from three sources: (1) subscription revenue, which is comprised of subscription fees from customers who have access to our cloud content management platform and other subscription-based services, which all include routine customer support; (2) revenue from customers purchasing our premier services package; and (3) revenue from professional services such as implementing best practice use cases, project management and implementation consulting services. Revenue is recognized when control of these services are transferred to a customer. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those services. We determine revenue recognition through the following steps:
| • | Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer
| • | Identification of the performance obligations in the contract
| • | Determination of the transaction price
| • | Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract
| • | Recognition of revenue when, or as we, satisfy a performance obligation
Subscription and Premier Services Revenues Subscription and premier services revenue is generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date that our service is made available to the customer. We typically invoice our customers at the beginning of the term, in multiyear, annual, quarterly or monthly installments. Our subscription and premier services contracts generally range from one to three years in length, are typically non-cancellable and do not contain refund-type provisions. Revenue is presented net of sales and other taxes we collect on behalf of governmental authorities. Professional Services Professional services are generally billed on a fixed price basis, for which revenue is recognized over time based on the proportion performed. Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations Our contracts can include multiple performance obligations which may consist of some or all of subscription services, premier services, and professional services. For these contracts, we account for individual performance obligations separately if they are distinct. The transaction price is allocated to the separate performance obligations on a relative standalone selling price basis. We determine the standalone selling prices based on our overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration discounting practices, the size and volume of our transactions, the customer demographic, the geographic area where services are sold, price lists, our go-to-market strategy, historical standalone sales and contract prices.
Deferred Commissions | Deferred Commissions Sales commissions earned by our sales force are considered incremental and recoverable costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Sales commissions for new contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have estimated to be five years. We determined the period of benefit by taking into consideration our customer contracts, our technology and other factors. Sales commissions for renewal contracts are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over the related contractual renewal period. Amortization expense is included in sales and marketing expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations. We apply the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 to expense costs as incurred for sales commissions when the amortization period would have been one year or less.
Deferred Revenue | Deferred Revenue Deferred revenue consists of billings and payments received in advance of revenue recognition generated by our subscription services, premier services, and professional services described above. Topic 606 introduced the concept of contract liabilities, which is substantially similar to deferred revenue under previous accounting guidance.
Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance | Accounts Receivable and Related Allowance Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. We maintain an allowance for estimated losses inherent in our accounts receivable portfolio. We assess the collectability of the accounts by taking into consideration the aging of our trade receivables, historical experience, and management judgment. We write off trade receivables against the allowance when management determines a balance is uncollectible and no longer intends to actively pursue collection of the receivable. We record a contract asset when revenue is recognized in advance of invoicing. Contract assets are presented within accounts receivable on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments Our financial assets and financial liabilities which may include cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash, are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. Non-marketable equity securities include our privately held strategic equity securities without readily determinable fair values. We record these privately held strategic equity securities without readily determinable fair values using a measurement alternative which measures the securities at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from qualifying observable price changes with a same or similar security from the same issuer. Our non-marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value only if an impairment or observable price adjustment is recognized in the current period. If an observable price adjustment or impairment is recognized on our non-marketable equity securities, we classify these assets as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy based on the nature of the fair value inputs. Our other current financial assets have fair values which approximate their carrying value due to their short-term maturities.
Stock-Based Compensation | The assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model were determined as follows: Fair Value of Common Stock. We use the market closing price for our Class A common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange to determine the fair value of our common stock at each grant date. Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions were determined based on the vesting terms, exercise terms and contractual lives of the options and 2015 ESPP purchase rights. Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility of the stock option grants and 2015 ESPP purchase rights based on the historical volatility of our common stock over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants and 2015 ESPP purchase rights, respectively. Risk-free Interest Rate. The risk-free rate that we use is based on the implied yield available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with remaining terms similar to the expected term on the stock options and 2015 ESPP purchase rights. Dividend Yield. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends and do not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and, therefore, use an expected dividend yield of zero.

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