<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-16-096578.txt : 20160212
<SEC-HEADER>0001104659-16-096578.hdr.sgml : 20160212
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20160212160137
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-16-096578
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	SC 13D
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		2
FILED AS OF DATE:		20160212
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20160212
GROUP MEMBERS:		NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH, INC.

SUBJECT COMPANY:	

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			ARROWHEAD RESEARCH CORP
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000879407
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-COMMERCIAL PHYSICAL & BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH [8731]
		IRS NUMBER:				460408024
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			0930

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		SC 13D
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	005-48710
		FILM NUMBER:		161418747

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		225 SOUTH LAKE AVENUE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 1050
		CITY:			PASADENA
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			91101
		BUSINESS PHONE:		626-304-3400

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		225 SOUTH LAKE AVENUE
		STREET 2:		SUITE 1050
		CITY:			PASADENA
		STATE:			CA
		ZIP:			91101

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INTERACTIVE GROUP INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	20020509

	FORMER COMPANY:	
		FORMER CONFORMED NAME:	INTERACTIVE INC
		DATE OF NAME CHANGE:	19940224

FILED BY:		

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			NOVARTIS AG
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001114448
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			V8
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		SC 13D

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		LICHTSTRASSE 35
		CITY:			BASEL
		STATE:			V8
		ZIP:			CH 4056
		BUSINESS PHONE:		01141613241111

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		LICHTSTRASSE 35
		CITY:			BASEL
		STATE:			V8
		ZIP:			CH 4056
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>SC 13D
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>a16-4274_1sc13d.htm
<DESCRIPTION>SC 13D
<TEXT>


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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold;">UNITED STATES</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold;">SECURITIES AND   EXCHANGE COMMISSION</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Washington, D.C. 20549</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="54%" valign="top" style="padding:0in .7pt .7pt .7pt;width:54.02%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="54%" height="19" valign="top" style="height:.2in;padding:0in .7pt .7pt .7pt;width:54.02%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 10.0pt;text-align:center;text-indent:-10.0pt;"><b><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-weight:bold;">SCHEDULE 13D</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="22%" height="19" valign="bottom" style="height:.2in;padding:0in .7pt .7pt .7pt;width:22.98%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 <br> (Amendment No.&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; )*</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="5" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:18.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Arrowhead Research Corporation</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(Name of Issuer)</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">COMMON STOCK, PAR VALUE $0.001 PER SHARE</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(Title of Class of Securities)</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">042797209</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(CUSIP Number)</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Scott Brown</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">General Counsel</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc. </font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">250 Massachusetts Avenue</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Cambridge, MA 02139</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">(617) 871-8000</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">With a copy to:</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">G. Scott Lesmes</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Morrison &amp; Foerster LLP</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">2000 Pennsylvania Avenue NW, Suite 6000</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Washington, D.C. 20006</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">(202) 887-1500</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person<br> Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications)</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in;">
<p align="center" style="border:none;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;padding:0in;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">March 12, 2015</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(Date of Event Which Requires Filing of this Statement)<br><br></font></p>
<p style="margin:0in .5in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this schedule because of &#167;&#167;240.13d-1(e), 240.13d-l(f) or 240.13d-l(g), check the following box. </font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>
<p style="margin:5.0pt .5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">*</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;"> The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person's initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter disclosures provided in a prior cover page. </font></p>
<p style="margin:0in .5in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to be &quot;filed&quot; for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (&quot;Act&quot;) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the Notes).</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in .5in .0001pt;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:12.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><hr size="3" width="100%" noshade align="left" style="color:#010101;"></div>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">CUSIP   No.&nbsp; </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;042797209</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">1.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Names of Reporting Persons<br>   Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Inc.</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">2.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Check the   Appropriate Box if a Member of a Group (See Instructions)</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(a)</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(b)</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">3.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">SEC Use   Only </font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">4.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Source of   Funds (See Instructions)<br>    </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">OO   </font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.32%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">5.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Check if Disclosure of Legal   Proceedings Is Required Pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)&nbsp; </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.32%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">6.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Citizenship or Place of   Organization<br>    </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Delaware</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="12%" colspan="3" rowspan="7" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:12.04%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Number of<br>   Shares<br>   Beneficially<br>   Owned by<br>   Each<br>   Reporting<br>   Person With</font></p>    </td>
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">7.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Sole   Voting Power <br>    </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">None</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="87%" colspan="3" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:87.96%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">8.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Shared   Voting Power</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   3,321,383</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="87%" colspan="3" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:87.96%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">9.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Sole   Dispositive Power</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   None</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="87%" colspan="3" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:87.96%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">10.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Shared Dispositive Power</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   3,321,383</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.32%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">11.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Aggregate   Amount Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   3,321,383</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.32%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">12.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Check if   the Aggregate Amount in Row (11) Excludes Certain Shares (See Instructions)</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.32%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">13.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Percent   of Class Represented by Amount in Row (11)</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   5.57%*</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.32%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">14.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.1%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Type of   Reporting Person (See Instructions)</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;"><br>   CO</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr height="0">
<td width="23" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="40" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="22" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="32" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="5" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="586" style="border:none;"></td>   </tr> </table>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<div style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><hr size="1" width="25%" noshade align="left" style="color:black;"></div>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">* This calculation is based on 59,627,499 &#160;shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of February 5, 2016, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015, filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 9, 2016.</font><font size="1" style="font-size:8.0pt;">&nbsp; </font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">2</font><font size="2"><a name="PB_2_092141_7330"></a></font></p>
<div style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><hr size="3" width="100%" noshade align="left" style="color:#010101;"></div>
</div>
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<div style="font-family:Times New Roman;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">CUSIP   No.&nbsp; </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;042797209</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">1.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Names of Reporting Persons<br>   Novartis AG</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="100%" colspan="6" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">2.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Check the   Appropriate Box if a Member of a Group (See Instructions)</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="8%" colspan="3" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:8.36%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(a)</font></p>    </td>
<td width="82%" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:82.74%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="8%" colspan="3" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:8.36%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(b)</font></p>    </td>
<td width="82%" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:82.74%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">3.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">SEC Use   Only </font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">4.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Source of   Funds (See Instructions)<br>    </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">OO</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">5.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Check if Disclosure of Legal   Proceedings Is Required Pursuant to Items 2(d) or 2(e)&nbsp; </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">6.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Citizenship or Place of   Organization<br>    </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Switzerland</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="12%" colspan="3" rowspan="7" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:12.04%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Number of<br>   Shares<br>   Beneficially<br>   Owned by<br>   Each<br>   Reporting<br>   Person With</font></p>    </td>
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">7.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Sole   Voting Power <br>    </font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">None</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="87%" colspan="3" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:87.96%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">8.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Shared   Voting Power</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   3,321,383</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="87%" colspan="3" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:87.96%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">9.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Sole   Dispositive Power</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   None</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="87%" colspan="3" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:87.96%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid;">
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:4.46%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">10.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="83%" colspan="2" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:83.5%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Shared Dispositive Power</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   3,321,383</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">11.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Aggregate   Amount Beneficially Owned by Each Reporting Person</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   3,321,383</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">12.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Check if   the Aggregate Amount in Row (11) Excludes Certain Shares (See Instructions)</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><font size="2" face="Wingdings" style="font-size:10.0pt;">o</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">13.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Percent   of Class Represented by Amount in Row (11)</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;">  <br>   5.57%*</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%" colspan="6" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:100.0%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="3%" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:3.34%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="5%" valign="top" style="padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:5.58%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">14.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="91%" colspan="4" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt 3.0pt;width:91.08%;">
<p style="margin:4.0pt 0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Type of   Reporting Person (See Instructions)</font><font size="2" style="font-size:10.0pt;"><br>   CO</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr height="0">
<td width="24" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="40" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="22" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="32" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="6" style="border:none;"></td>
<td width="586" style="border:none;"></td>   </tr> </table>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">* This calculation is based on 59,627,499 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding as of February 5, 2016, as reported by the Issuer on its Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2015, filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 9, 2016.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="font-size:10.0pt;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 1.</font></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Security and Issuer</b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">This Statement on Schedule 13D relates to the common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the &#147;Common Stock&#148;) of Arrowhead Research Corporation,&nbsp;a Delaware corporation (the &#147;Issuer&#148;).&nbsp; The Issuer&#146;s principal executive offices are located at 225 S. Lake Avenue, Suite&nbsp;1050, Pasadena, California 91101.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Security and Issuer</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(a)&nbsp;This Schedule 13D is being filed by Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research,&nbsp;Inc. (&#147;NIBRI&#148;) and Novartis AG (&#147;Novartis&#148;). NIBRI and Novartis are hereinafter collectively referred to as the &#147;Reporting Persons.&#148;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(b)&nbsp;The principal business address of NIBRI is 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139.&#160; The principal business address of Novartis is Lichtstrasse 35, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(c)&nbsp;NIBRI is a company organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Novartis. NIBRI is a research organization that works to discover innovative medicines that treat disease and improve human health.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Novartis is a corporation organized under the laws of Switzerland and is the publicly owned parent of a multinational group of companies specializing in the research, development, manufacturing and marketing of a broad range of healthcare products, led by innovative pharmaceuticals. Novartis is the 100% indirect owner of NIBRI.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(d)-(e)&nbsp;Neither the Reporting Persons nor, to the best knowledge of each of them, any of the executive officers and members of the Board of Directors of each of the Reporting Persons set forth on Schedule I hereto, during the last five years, (i)&nbsp;has been convicted in a criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations or similar misdemeanors) or (ii)&nbsp;was a party to a civil proceeding of a judicial or administrative body of competent jurisdiction and as a result of such proceeding was or is subject to a judgment, decree or final order enjoining future violations of, or prohibiting or mandating activities subject to, federal or state securities laws or finding any violation with respect to such laws.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(f)&nbsp;The name, business address, present principal occupation or employment and citizenship of the executive officers and members of the Board of Directors of each of the Reporting Persons is set forth on Schedule I hereto and is herein incorporated by reference.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Source and Amount of Funds or Other Consideration</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">NIBRI directly owns 3,321,383&nbsp;shares of Common Stock.&nbsp; Reference is made to the Agreement (as defined in Item 6 below).&#160; The shares of Common Stock were acquired in exchange for RNAi assets and rights (as described in Item 6 below) pursuant to the terms of the Agreement.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 4.&nbsp;&nbsp;Purpose of Transaction</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The information contained in Item 3 above is herein incorporated by reference.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">All shares of Common Stock reported acquired by the Reporting Persons in this Schedule 13D were acquired for the purpose of investment and were not intended to and did not effect any change in the control of the Issuer.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The Reporting Persons from time to time intend to review their investment in the Issuer on the basis of various factors, including the Issuer&#146;s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects, general economic and industry conditions, the securities markets in general and those for the Issuer&#146;s shares of Common</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;">4<a name="PB_4_093037_9339"></a></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Stock in particular, as well as other developments and other investment opportunities. Based upon such review, the Reporting Persons will take such actions in the future as the Reporting Persons may deem appropriate in light of the circumstances existing from time to time. If the Reporting Persons believe that further investment in the Issuer is attractive, whether because of the market price of the Common Stock or otherwise, they may acquire shares of Common Stock or other securities of the Issuer either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Similarly, depending on market and other factors, the Reporting Persons may determine to dispose of some or all of the shares of Common Stock currently owned by the Reporting Persons or otherwise acquired by the Reporting Persons either in the open market or in privately negotiated transactions.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Except as described above, none of the Reporting Persons currently has any plan or proposal that relates to or would result in any of the actions specified in clauses (a)&nbsp;through (j)&nbsp;of Item 4 of Schedule 13D.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 5.&nbsp;&nbsp;Interest in Securities of the Issuer</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(a)&nbsp;As of the date hereof, the Reporting Persons may be deemed, for purposes of Rule&nbsp;13d-3 of the Act, directly or indirectly, including by reason of their mutual affiliation, to be the beneficial owners of the shares of Common Stock described in Item 3 above. NIBRI is a wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Novartis.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Based on the 59,627,499 shares of the Issuer&#146;s common stock outstanding as of February&nbsp;5, 2016 according to the Issuer&#146;s Quarterly Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended December&nbsp;31, 2015, filed by the Issuer with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#147;Commission&#148;) on February&nbsp;9, 2016, the Common Stock held by the Reporting Persons constituted 5.57% of the outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Issuer as of that date.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman"><font style="font-size:10.0pt;">Novartis, as the parent company of NIBRI</font>, may be deemed to beneficially own all of the shares of Common Stock held directly by NIBRI.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(b)&nbsp;With respect to the number of shares of Common Stock as to which each Reporting Person has:</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 1.0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(i)&nbsp;sole power to vote or to direct the vote with respect to such shares of Common Stock, please see row 7 of the applicable cover sheet to this Schedule 13D for such Reporting Person;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 1.0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(ii)&nbsp;shared power to vote or to direct the vote with respect to such shares of Common Stock, please see row 8 of the applicable cover sheet to this Schedule 13D for such Reporting Person;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 1.0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(iii)&nbsp;sole power to dispose or direct the disposition of such shares of Common Stock, please see row 9 of the applicable cover sheet to this Schedule 13D for such Reporting Person; and</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt 1.0in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(iv)&nbsp;shared power to dispose or to direct the disposition of such shares of Common Stock, please see row 10 of the applicable cover sheet to this Schedule 13D for such Reporting Person.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Dr.&nbsp;Michael Perry, Chief Scientific Officer of the Cell&nbsp;&amp; Gene Therapies franchise of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Division, a division of Novartis, has been a member of the Issuer&#146;s board of directors since December&nbsp;2011.&#160; As a director of the Issuer, Dr.&nbsp;Perry has received, and is eligible to receive in the future, equity compensation awards from the Issuer, including stock options and restricted stock units.&#160; Dr.&nbsp;Perry is not an executive officer or director of the Reporting Persons, and neither Reporting Person has voting or dispositive power over shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Dr.&nbsp;Perry.&#160; The Reporting Persons expressly disclaim beneficial ownership of the shares of Common Stock beneficially owned by Dr.&nbsp;Perry.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(c)&nbsp;The information contained in Items 3 and 4 to this Schedule 13D is herein incorporated by reference.&#160; None of (i)&nbsp;the Reporting Persons and (ii)&nbsp;to the Reporting Persons&#146; knowledge, the persons set forth on Schedule I of this Schedule 13D, has effected any transaction in the Issuer&#146;s Common Stock during the past 60 days.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(d)&nbsp;Not applicable.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">(e)&nbsp;Not applicable.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;">5<a name="PB_5_093059_7056"></a></p>
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<p style="font-size:10.0pt;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 6.</font></b>&nbsp;&nbsp;<b>Contracts, Arrangements, Understandings or Relationships with Respect to Securities of the Issuer</b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">As previously disclosed in the Issuer&#146;s Current Report on Form&nbsp;8-K filed with the Commission on March&nbsp;3, 2015, the Issuer entered into an Asset Purchase and Exclusive License Agreement (the &#147;Agreement&#148;) with NIBRI, pursuant to which the Issuer acquired NIBRI&#146;s RNAi assets and rights thereunder. &#160;Pursuant to the Agreement, the Issuer acquired or licensed certain patents and patent applications owned or controlled by NIBRI related to RNAi therapeutics, third party licenses and intellectual property, rights to three pre-clinical RNAi candidates, and other related assets (collectively, the &#147;Purchased Assets&#148;).&#160; The acquisition of the Purchased Assets closed on March&nbsp;4, 2015, concurrent with execution of the Agreement (the &#147;Closing&#148;).</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">In consideration for the Purchased Assets, the Issuer agreed to make certain payments to NIBRI, including: (a)&nbsp;a cash payment of $10,000,000; (b)&nbsp;$25,000,000 in shares of the Company&#146;s Common Stock, $10,000,000 of which was provided at Closing and $15,000,000 of which was provided in three installments of 1,337,256 shares on March&nbsp;4, 2015, 1,962,067 shares on March&nbsp;12, 2015, and 22,060 shares on March&nbsp;17, 2015; (c)&nbsp;escalating royalties based upon annual net sales thresholds for certain RNAi products sold by the Issuer; and (d)&nbsp;milestone payments tied to the achievement of certain development and sales milestones for each target being developed by the Issuer.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The 3,321,383 shares of the Company&#146;s Common Stock NIBRI received were acquired in private placement transactions that were exempt from registration under Section&nbsp;4(a)(2)&nbsp;of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The above summary of the Agreement is qualified by reference to such description and the full text of the Agreement, which is filed as an exhibit to this Schedule 13D and herein incorporated by reference.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Except as disclosed herein, there are no contracts, arrangements, understandings or relationships (legal or otherwise) among the Reporting Persons and any other person with respect to any securities of the Issuer, including but not limited to transfer or voting of any of the securities, finder&#146;s fees, joint ventures, loan or option arrangements, puts or calls, guarantees of profits, division of profits or loss, or the giving or withholding of proxies.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 7.&nbsp;&nbsp;Material to Be Filed as Exhibits</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">DOCUMENT</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">1</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Joint Filing Agreement   dated February&nbsp;12, 2016 among the Reporting Persons.</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">2</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Asset Purchase and   Exclusive License Agreement between Arrowhead Research Corporation and   Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research,&nbsp;Inc., dated March&nbsp;3,   2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;2.1 to the Issuer&#146;s Quarterly   Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March&nbsp;31, 2015, as   filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May&nbsp;11, 2015).</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;">6<a name="PB_6_093132_5335"></a></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">SIGNATURE</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.25in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">After reasonable inquiry and to the best of my knowledge and belief,&nbsp;I certify that the information set forth in this statement is true, complete and correct.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:.25in;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13d-1(k)(1)(iii)&nbsp;of Regulation 13D-G of the General Rules&nbsp;and Regulations of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the undersigned agree that the attached statement is filed on behalf of each of them.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Dated: February&nbsp;12, 2016</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR   BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH,&nbsp;INC.</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">By:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">/s/ Scott Brown</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Name:</font></p>    </td>
<td width="39%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:39.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Scott Brown</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="6%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:6.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Title:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Vice President and   General Counsel</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">NOVARTIS AG</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">By:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">/s/ Christian Rehm</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Name:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Christian Rehm</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Title:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Authorized Signatory</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:50.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:4.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">By:</font></p>    </td>
<td width="46%" colspan="2" valign="top" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:46.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">/s/ Felix Senn</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<td width="50%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:50.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:4.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="6%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:6.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Name:</font></p>    </td>
<td width="39%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:39.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Felix Senn</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:50.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="4%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:4.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="6%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:6.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Title:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Authorized Signatory</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
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<p align="center" style="font-size:10.0pt;margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;">7<a name="PB_7_093925_7309"></a></p>
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<p align="right" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:right;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Schedule I</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">NOVARTIS AG AND NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR BIOMEDICAL </font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">RESEARCH,&nbsp;INC.</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF NOVARTIS AG</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:40.0pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The name, function, citizenship and present principal occupation or employment of each of the directors and executive officers of Novartis AG are set forth below. Unless otherwise indicated below, (i)&nbsp;each occupation set forth opposite an individual&#146;s name refers to employment with Novartis AG and (ii)&nbsp;the business address of each director and executive officer of Novartis AG is Novartis Campus, Lichstrasse 35, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<td width="29%" valign="bottom" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Name</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="bottom" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Relationship&nbsp;to<br>   Novartis&nbsp;AG</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="bottom" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Present&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;Occupation</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="bottom" style="border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Citizenship</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="bottom" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Joseph Jimenez</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Chief Executive   Officer</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Chief Executive   Officer</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Steven Baert</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Head of Human   Resources</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Head of Human   Resources</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Belgian</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">F. Michael (Mike) Ball</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Division Head and   CEO, Alcon</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Division Head and   CEO, Alcon</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Felix R. Ehrat, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.84%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Group General   Counsel</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="24%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:24.0%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Group General   Counsel</font></p>    </td>
<td width="2%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:2.5%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
<tr>
<td width="29%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:29.16%;">
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">David Epstein</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Division Head and   CEO, Novartis Pharmaceuticals</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Division Head and   CEO, Novartis Pharmaceuticals</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Mark C. Fishman, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; President of the   Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; President of the Novartis   Institutes for BioMedical Research; 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA   02139, USA</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Name</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Relationship&nbsp;to<br>   Novartis&nbsp;AG</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Present&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;Occupation</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Citizenship</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Richard Francis</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Division Head and   CEO, Sandoz</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Division Head and   CEO, Sandoz</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">British</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Harry Kirsch</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Chief Financial   Officer</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Chief Financial   Officer</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">German</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Vasant (Vas) Narasimhan, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Global Head, Drug   Development and Chief Medical Officer</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; Global Head, Drug   Development and Chief Medical Officer</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Andr&#233; Wyss</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; President,   Novartis Operations and Country President for Switzerland</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Executive Committee; President,   Novartis Operations and Country President for Switzerland</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Joerg Reinhardt, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">German</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Enrico Vanni, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Independent Consultant</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Nancy C. Andrews, M.D., Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Dean and Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs at the<br>   Duke University School of Medicine</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Dimitri Azar, M.D., MBA</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Dean of the College of Medicine and Professor of   Ophthalmology, Bioengineering and Pharmacology at the University of Illinois   at Chicago</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Relationship&nbsp;to<br>   Novartis&nbsp;AG</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Present&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;Occupation</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Citizenship</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Verena A. Briner, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of   Basel and Chief Medical Officer and Head of the Department of Medicine at the   Lucerne Cantonal Hospital</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Srikant Datar, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Arthur Lowes Dickinson Professor at the Graduate   School of Business Administration at Harvard University</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Ann Fudge</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Vice Chairman and Senior Independent Director of   Unilever NV</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Pierre Landolt, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chairman of the Sandoz Family Foundation</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Andreas von Planta, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Partner at Lenz&nbsp;&amp; Staehelin</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Charles L. Sawyers, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chair of the Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program   at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center; Professor of Medicine and of Cell   and Developmental Biology at the Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" style="padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">William T. Winters</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">CEO and director of Standard Chartered, a banking   and financial services company based in London</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">British</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH,&nbsp;INC.</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-indent:40.0pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The name, function, citizenship and present principal occupation or employment of each of the directors and executive officers of Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research,&nbsp;Inc. are set forth below. Unless otherwise indicated below, (i)&nbsp;each occupation set forth opposite an individual&#146;s name refers to employment with Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research,&nbsp;Inc. and (ii)&nbsp;the business address of each director and executive officer for Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research,&nbsp;Inc. is 250 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Name</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Relationship&nbsp;to&nbsp;Novartis&nbsp;Institutes<br>   &nbsp;for&nbsp;BioMedical&nbsp;Research,&nbsp;Inc.</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Present&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;<br>   Occupation</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Citizenship</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Mark C. Fishman, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chairman of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   Chairman of the Board of Directors; President of NIBR</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Novartis AG Executive Committee;   President of NIBR</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Evan Beckman, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Global Head   of Translational Medicine</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Global Head   of Translational Medicine</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">James Bradner, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; President   Designate of NIBR</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; President   Designate of NIBR</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Karin Briner, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of   Global Discovery Chemistry</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of   Global Discovery Chemistry</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Scott Brown</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice President   and General Counsel</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President and General Counsel</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Donald Ganem, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President and Global Head of Infectious Diseases;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President and Global Head of Infectious Diseases; Novartis Institutes for   BioMedical Research, 5300 Chiron Way, Emeryville, CA, 94608</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Name</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Relationship&nbsp;to&nbsp;Novartis&nbsp;Institutes<br>   &nbsp;for&nbsp;BioMedical&nbsp;Research,&nbsp;Inc.</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Present&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;<br>   Occupation</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Citizenship</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">John Hastewell, D. Phil.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of   Research Cambridge and Global Head of Biologics</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of Research   Cambridge and Global Head of Biologics</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Christian Klee</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Chief   Financial Officer; Chief Operating Officer</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Chief   Financial Officer; Chief Operating Officer, NIBR</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Swiss</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Dhavalkumar Patel, M.D., Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of   Research, Europe, NIBR; Global Head Autoimmunity, Transplantation, and   Inflammatory, NIBR; Novartis Campus, Lichstrasse 35, CH-4056, Basel,   Switzerland</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Jeffrey Porter, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President, Global Head of Developmental and Molecular Pathways</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President, Global Head of Developmental and Molecular Pathways</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
<td width="15%" valign="top" bgcolor="#CCEEFF" style="background:#CCEEFF;padding:0in 0in 0in 0in;width:15.0%;">
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Mark Sawyer</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Global Head   of Human Resources</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Global Head   of Human Resources</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">British</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">William R. Sellers, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President, Global Head of Oncology</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Vice   President, Global Head of Oncology</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Ann Taylor, M.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of the   Program Office</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the NIBR Executive Committee; Head of the   Program Office</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Relationship&nbsp;to&nbsp;Novartis&nbsp;Institutes<br>   &nbsp;for&nbsp;BioMedical&nbsp;Research,&nbsp;Inc.</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Present&nbsp;Principal&nbsp;<br>   Occupation</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Citizenship</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Joerg Reinhardt, Ph.D.</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Chairman of the Board of Directors of Novartis AG;   Novartis Campus, Lichstrasse 35, CH-4056, Basel, Switzerland</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">German</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Harry Kirsch</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Member of the Novartis AG Executive Committee; Chief   Financial Officer of Novartis AG; Novartis Campus, Lichstrasse 35, CH-4056,   Basel, Switzerland</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Christi L. Shaw</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Director</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Novartis US Country Head, President of Novartis   Corporation&nbsp;&amp; President of Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation; One   Health Plaza, East Hanover, NJ 07936</font></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">American</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><u><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">EXHIBIT&nbsp;INDEX</font></u></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="1" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:8.0pt;font-weight:bold;">DESCRIPTION</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">1</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Joint Filing Agreement   dated February&nbsp;12, 2016 among the Reporting Persons.</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">2</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Asset Purchase and   Exclusive License Agreement between Arrowhead Research Corporation and   Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research,&nbsp;Inc., dated March&nbsp;3,   2015 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit&nbsp;2.1 to the Issuer&#146;s Quarterly   Report on Form&nbsp;10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March&nbsp;31, 2015, as   filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May&nbsp;11, 2015).</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
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<p align="right" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:right;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">Exhibit&nbsp;1</font></b></p>
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<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">JOINT FILING AGREEMENT</font></b></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">The undersigned hereby agree that the foregoing statement on Schedule 13D is filed on behalf of each of the undersigned, and any amendments thereto executed by the undersigned shall be filed on behalf of each of the undersigned without the necessity of filing any additional joint filing agreement. The undersigned acknowledge that each is responsible for the timely filing of such statement on Schedule 13D and any amendments thereto, and for the completeness and accuracy of the information concerning it contained therein, but shall not be responsible for the completeness or accuracy of the information concerning the others of the undersigned, except to the extent that it knows or has reason to believe that such information is inaccurate or incomplete. This Joint Filing Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same instrument.</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have executed this Joint Filing Agreement as of February&nbsp;12, 2016.</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
<p align="center" style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;text-align:center;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;font-weight:bold;">&nbsp;</font></b></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">NOVARTIS INSTITUTES FOR   BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH,&nbsp;INC.</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">By:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">/s/ Scott Brown</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Name: </font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Scott Brown</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Title:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Vice President and   General Counsel</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><b><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;font-weight:bold;">NOVARTIS AG</font></b></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">By:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">/s/ Christian Rehm</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Name:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Christian Rehm</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Title:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Authorized Signatory</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">By:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">/s/ Felix Senn</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Name:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Felix Senn</font></p>    </td>   </tr>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:1.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Title:</font></p>    </td>
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<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">Authorized Signatory</font></p>    </td>   </tr>  </table>
<p style="margin:0in 0in .0001pt;"><font size="2" face="Times New Roman" style="font-size:10.0pt;">&nbsp;</font></p>
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