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Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Discontinued Operations and Disposal Groups [Abstract] |
Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale | Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale As discussed in Note 1, Description of Business, on August 9, 2018, the Company announced that it plans to focus on its principal markets and will divest of its other markets. The principal markets that will remain (the Continuing Operations) include Brazil, Chile, Mexico and Peru, along with the Online & Partnerships segment and the institutions in Australia and New Zealand. The markets being divested (the Discontinued Operations) include the institutions in Portugal and Spain, which are part of the Andean segment, all remaining institutions in the Central America & U.S. Campuses segment, and all remaining institutions in the Rest of World segment, except for Australia, New Zealand and the managed institutions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and China. Included in the Discontinued Operations are six VIE entities. The divestitures are expected to create a more focused and simplified business model and generate proceeds that will be used for further repayment of long-term debt. The timing and ability to complete any of these transactions is uncertain and will be subject to market and other conditions, which may include regulatory approvals and consents of third parties. As described in Note 6, Dispositions and Asset Sales, and Note 25, Subsequent Events, several sale transactions closed during 2018 and 2019. Summarized operating results of the Discontinued Operations are presented in the following table:
For the year ended December 31, | 2018 | 2017 | 2016
Revenues | $ | 869,670 |  | $ | 992,113 |  | $ | 942,329 |
Depreciation and amortization | 26,515 |  | 60,409 |  | 65,073 |
Share-based compensation expense | 1,053 |  | 2,944 |  | 2,957 |
Other direct costs | 693,729 |  | 780,490 |  | 758,617 |
Loss on impairment of assets | — |  | 33,476 |  | 23,465 |
Operating income | 148,373 |  | 114,794 |  | 92,217 |
Other non-operating expense | (21,911 | ) | (17,373 | ) | (28,210 | )
Pretax income of discontinued operations | 126,462 |  | 97,421 |  | 64,007 |
Income tax expense | (47,382 | ) | (24,495 | ) | (30,561 | )
Income from discontinued operations, net of tax | $ | 79,080 |  | $ | 72,926 |  | $ | 33,446 |
Operating cash flows of discontinued operations | $ | 171,209 |  | $ | 121,259 |  | $ | 106,752 |
Investing cash flows of discontinued operations | $ | (71,397 | ) | $ | (74,435 | ) | $ | (46,790 | )
Financing cash flows of discontinued operations | $ | (16,774 | ) | $ | (78,014 | ) | $ | (35,127 | )
2017 Loss on Impairment of Assets Of the total $33,476 of impairments shown in the table above, approximately $17,400 relates to impairment of tradenames and other long-lived assets at two subsidiaries in our Central America & U.S. Campuses segment and approximately $16,100 relates to impairment of other long-lived assets for several subsidiaries in our Rest of World segment which, per ASC 360-10, were required to be recorded at the lower of their carrying values or their estimated 'fair values less costs to sell' and were written down to a carrying value of $0. 2016 Loss on Impairment of Assets Upon completion of our impairment testing for 2016, we recorded a total impairment loss of $23,465 in our Rest of World segment. We recorded goodwill impairment charges of $4,163 related to our institutions in Germany and $19,302 at Monash South Africa (MSA). The assets and liabilities of the Discontinued Operations, which are subject to finalization, have been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, in accordance with ASC 205. The assets and liabilities are recorded at the lower of their carrying values or their estimated 'fair values less costs to sell.' In addition to the Discontinued Operations, UniNorte, an institution in the Brazil segment, has also been classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2018. UniNorte is included in Continuing Operations as it is not part of the strategic shift described above. The carrying amounts of the major classes of assets and liabilities that were classified as held for sale are presented in the following table:
| December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Assets of Discontinued Operations |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 214,934 |  | $ | 197,898 |
Receivables, net | 38,588 |  | 83,045 |
Property and equipment, net | 667,527 |  | 830,408 |
Goodwill | 131,329 |  | 159,042 |
Tradenames | 124,932 |  | 156,746 |
Other assets | 99,566 |  | 122,201 |
Subtotal: assets of Discontinued Operations | $ | 1,276,876 |  | $ | 1,549,340 |
Other assets classified as Held for Sale: UniNorte Brazil |  |
Receivables, net | $ | 6,983 |  | $ | — |
Property and equipment, net | 16,726 |  | — |
Goodwill | 15,165 |  | — |
Tradenames | 8,146 |  | — |
Other assets | 13,935 |  | — |
Subtotal: other assets classified as held for sale | $ | 60,955 |  | $ | — |
Total assets held for sale | $ | 1,337,831 |  | $ | 1,549,340 |
| December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Liabilities of Discontinued Operations |  |
Deferred revenue and student deposits | $ | 115,969 |  | $ | 223,163 |
Long-term debt, including current portion | 278,074 |  | 319,473 |
Other liabilities | 253,397 |  | 314,680 |
Subtotal: liabilities of Discontinued Operations | $ | 647,440 |  | $ | 857,316 |
Other liabilities classified as held for sale: UniNorte Brazil |  |
Deferred revenue and student deposits | $ | 469 |  | $ | — |
Long-term debt, including current portion | 5,370 |  | — |
Other liabilities | 9,405 |  | — |
Subtotal: other liabilities classified as held for sale | $ | 15,244 |  | $ | — |
Total liabilities held for sale | $ | 662,684 |  | $ | 857,316 |
Discontinued Operations with Signed Sale Agreements Pending Closure at December 31, 2018 University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences, LLC (St. Augustine) On April 24, 2018, the Company and Exeter Street Holdings, LLC (the St. Augustine Seller) and St. Augustine, both of which are wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the St. Augustine Purchase Agreement) with University of St. Augustine Acquisition Corp. (the St. Augustine Purchaser), an affiliate of Altas Partners LP. Pursuant to the St. Augustine Purchase Agreement, the St. Augustine Purchaser will purchase from the St. Augustine Seller all of the issued and outstanding membership interests of St. Augustine. The transaction value under the St. Augustine Purchase Agreement was $400,000. On February 1, 2019, the transaction contemplated by the St. Augustine Purchase Agreement was completed following receipt of the required regulatory approvals. Upon completion of the sale, the St. Augustine Seller received net proceeds of approximately $346,400, which includes $11,700 of customary closing adjustments, and is net of $58,100 of debt assumed by the St. Augustine Purchaser and fees of $7,200. The Company used $340,000 of the net proceeds to repay a portion of its U.S. term loan, with the remaining proceeds utilized to repay borrowings outstanding under its revolving credit facility. Monash South Africa On September 7, 2018, LEI AMEA Investments BV (the Monash Seller), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, The Independent Institute of Education Proprietary Limited (the Monash Purchaser), Advtech Limited (the Monash Purchaser Guarantor), Monash South Africa Limited (our majority-owned institution) and Monash University (a noncontrolling interest holder) entered into agreements whereby the Monash Purchaser will acquire the Company's operations in South Africa, including real estate and our institution in South Africa. The total transaction value is approximately 343,000 South African Rand (approximately $23,500 at December 31, 2018), subject to working capital and other adjustments, and closing is expected to occur in the first half of 2019, subject to regulatory approvals and customary closing conditions. Spain and Portugal Institutions On December 12, 2018, Iniciativas Culturales de España S.L., a Spanish private limited liability company (ICE), and Laureate I B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company, both of which are indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of the Company, entered into a sale and purchase agreement with Samarinda Investments, S.L., a Spanish limited liability company (Samarinda, the purchaser). Pursuant to the sale and purchase agreement, Samarinda will purchase from ICE all of the issued and outstanding shares in the capital of each of Universidad Europea de Madrid, S.L.U., Iniciativas Educativas de Mallorca, S.L.U., Iniciativa Educativa UEA, S.L.U., Universidad Europea de Canarias, S.L.U., and Universidad Europea de Valencia, S.L.U. (together, the Spain Companies), and Samarinda will purchase from Laureate I B.V. all of the issued and outstanding shares in the capital of Ensilis - Educação e Formação, Unipessoal, Lda. (the Portugal Company). Three of the Spain Companies are the entities that operate Universidad Europea de Madrid, Universidad Europea de Canarias, and Universidad Europea de Valencia. The Portugal Company is the entity that operates Universidade Europeia, a comprehensive university in Portugal and Instituto Português de Administração de Marketing (IPAM Lisbon and IPAM Porto), post-secondary schools of marketing in Portugal. The transaction value under the sale and purchase agreement is EUR 770,000 (approximately US $878,000 at December 31, 2018), subject to customary closing adjustments, and the parties expect that the transaction will close within the first half of 2019, subject to customary closing conditions, including approvals by applicable competition and education regulatory authorities. Inti Education Holdings Sdn. Bhd. (Inti Holdings) On December 11, 2017, Exeter Street Holdings Sdn. Bhd., a Malaysia corporation (Exeter Street), and Laureate Education Asia Limited, a Hong Kong corporation (Laureate Asia), both of which are indirect wholly owned subsidiaries of Laureate, entered into a sale purchase agreement with Comprehensive Education Pte. Ltd., a Singapore corporation (Comprehensive, the purchaser) that is an affiliate of Affinity Equity Partners, a private equity firm based in Hong Kong. Under the sale purchase agreement, Comprehensive agreed to purchase from Exeter Street all of the issued and outstanding shares in the capital of Inti Holdings, and Laureate Asia will guarantee certain obligations of Exeter Street. Inti Holdings is the indirect owner of INTI University and Colleges, higher education institutions with five campuses in Malaysia (INTI). In connection with the sale purchase agreement, Exeter Street entered into a separate agreement with the current minority owner of the equity of Inti Holdings relating to the purchase by Exeter Street of the minority owner’s 10.10% interest in Inti Holdings, the closing of which is a precondition to the closing of the transactions under the sale purchase agreement. The total purchase price, including the payment to the current minority owner, would have been $180,000. The net transaction value to Laureate under the agreement would have been $161,800, subject to customary closing adjustments. The closing of the transaction under the sale purchase agreement was subject to certain conditions, including approval by regulators in Malaysia within a prescribed period, which approval has not been obtained. On January 17, 2019, the parties agreed to amend the sale purchase agreement to provide additional time for Comprehensive to obtain all required regulatory approvals. As part of that amendment, the parties agreed to reduce the total purchase price to $140,000, which would result in a net transaction value to the Company of $125,860, subject to customary closing adjustments. The parties now expect the transaction to close in the first half of 2019. Dispositions and Asset Sales 2018 Dispositions Sale of Cyprus and Italy Operations On January 11, 2018, we completed the sale of European University-Cyprus Ltd (EUC) and Laureate Italy S.r.L. (Laureate Italy). Upon closing, we received gross proceeds of approximately EUR 232,000 (approximately US $275,500, or approximately US $244,300 net of cash sold and net of the approximately $4,100 working capital settlement between the Company and the buyer that was completed during the second quarter of 2018), and recognized a total gain on sale for the year ended December 31, 2018 of approximately $218,000, which is included in Gain on sales of discontinued operations, net of tax, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company used the proceeds from this transaction, along with borrowings on our revolving credit facility that were subsequently repaid with the China sale proceeds discussed below, to repay $350,000 of the principal balance on our syndicated term loan that matures in April 2024 (the 2024 Term Loan), as discussed in Note 10, Debt. Sale of China Operations On January 25, 2018, we completed the sale of LEI Lie Ying Limited (LEILY) for a total transaction value of Chinese Renminbi (RMB) 1,430,000 (approximately US $207,600 at December 31, 2018), of which RMB 50,000 (approximately US $7,300 at December 31, 2018) will not be paid because certain conditions were not satisfied by the closing date. At closing, the Company received initial gross proceeds totaling approximately $128,800 (approximately $110,800 net of cash sold), net of banker transaction fees and certain taxes and duties totaling approximately $16,000. Six months after the closing date, the buyer was required to pay to the Company the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) equivalent of RMB 120,000 (the First Holdback Payment). On July 27, 2018, the Company received the First Holdback Payment from the buyer, net of withholding taxes and agreed-upon legal fees, for a net payment of HKD 142,221 or $18,117 at the date of receipt, prior to banker transaction fees. Twelve months after the closing date, the buyer was required to pay to the Company the HKD equivalent of RMB 60,000 (the Second Holdback Payment). On January 25, 2019, Laureate received HKD 71,463 (approximately US $9,100) for the Second Holdback Payment, net of legal fees. Both the First Holdback Payment and the Second Holdback Payment were subject to deduction of any indemnifiable losses payable by the Company to the buyer pursuant to the sale purchase agreement. The remainder of the transaction value was paid into an escrow account and will be distributed to the Company pursuant to the terms and conditions of the escrow agreement. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had recorded a receivable for the Second Holdback Payment that was collected in January 2019, as well as a receivable of approximately $25,900 for the portion of the escrowed amount that the Company expects to receive. In addition, the Company has recorded a liability of approximately $14,300 related to loss contingencies for which we have indemnified the buyer. The Company recognized a gain on the sale of LEILY for the year ended December 31, 2018 of approximately $84,000, including tax effect, which is included in Gain on sales of discontinued operations, net of tax, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Sale of German Operations On April 12, 2018, LEI European Investments B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company (LEI BV), and Laureate International B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company (Laureate International), both of which are indirect, wholly owned subsidiaries of Laureate Education, Inc., executed and closed a Sale and Purchase Agreement (the Laureate Germany SPA) with Global University Systems Germany B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company (Global University Systems). Pursuant to the Laureate Germany SPA, Global University Systems purchased from LEI BV all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of Laureate Germany Holding GmbH and its consolidated institutions, including the University of Applied Sciences Europe and Laureate Academies GmbH (collectively, Laureate Germany), and Laureate International guaranteed the obligations of LEI BV under the Laureate Germany SPA. Upon completion of the sale, LEI BV received gross proceeds of EUR 1,000 (approximately US $1,200 at the date of receipt). At the date of sale, Laureate Germany had approximately $12,900 of cash and restricted cash on its balance sheet. In connection with this transaction, the Company contributed capital to Laureate Germany of approximately $3,600. The Company recognized a loss on the sale of Laureate Germany for the year ended December 31, 2018 of approximately $5,500, which is included in Gain on sales of discontinued operations, net of tax, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Sale of Moroccan Operations On November 29, 2017, Laureate Middle East Holdings B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (LMEH), and La Société Maroc Emirats Arabes Unis de Développement, a Morocco company (SOMED and, together with LMEH, the Sellers), Laureate I B.V., a Netherlands private limited liability company and an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the Guarantor), and UPM Pédagogique, a Morocco company (the Purchaser), entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the Laureate Somed SPA), pursuant to which the Purchaser agreed to purchase from the Sellers all of the issued and outstanding capital shares of Laureate Somed Holding, a Morocco company (Laureate Somed), for a total transaction value of 500,000 Moroccan Dirhams, and the Guarantor agreed to guarantee certain obligations of LMEH under the Laureate Somed SPA. The transaction closed on April 13, 2018, and LMEH received net proceeds of 300,000 Moroccan Dirhams (approximately US $32,500 at the date of sale, or approximately $31,100 net of cash sold). The proceeds were used for general debt repayment across the Company rather than repayment of a specific tranche. Prior to the consummation of the sale, LMEH owned approximately 60% of the capital shares of Laureate Somed, while SOMED owned the remaining approximately 40% of the capital shares of Laureate Somed. Laureate Somed is the operator of Université Internationale de Casablanca, a comprehensive campus-based university in Casablanca, Morocco. The Company recognized a gain on the sale of Laureate Somed of approximately $17,400 for the year ended December 31, 2018, which is included in Gain on sales of discontinued operations, net of tax, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Sale of Kendall College, LLC On January 15, 2018, Kendall College, LLC (Kendall), an Illinois limited liability company and indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Laureate, The Dining Room at Kendall NFP, an Illinois not for profit corporation, National Louis University, an Illinois not for profit corporation (NLU), and Laureate, solely as guarantor of certain of Kendall’s obligations thereunder, entered into an asset purchase agreement. On August 6, 2018, we closed the transaction and Kendall transferred to NLU certain assets, including all of Kendall's education programs, subject to certain conditions, in exchange for consideration of one dollar. Closing of the transaction was subject to prior receipt of regulatory consents, including those of the U.S. Department of Education and the Higher Learning Commission. As part of the agreement, at closing Laureate paid to NLU $14,000 to support NLU’s construction of facilities for the acquired culinary program on NLU’s campus, subject to possible partial recoupment under specified conditions during the 10-year post-closing period. In addition, at closing Laureate paid approximately $2,100 to NLU for a working capital adjustment and other items provided for under the agreement. This payment was included in the loss on sale, which totaled approximately $17,200, including tax effect, and is included in gain/loss on sales of discontinued operations, net of tax, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Also, at the closing date of the sale, the cease-use criteria were met for a leased building that was not part of the sale transaction and that has a lease term ending in July 2028. Accordingly, during the third quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a liability of approximately $24,000 for the present value of the remaining lease costs, less estimated sublease income, which was charged to loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The transactions described below are included in Continuing Operations, since these transactions were not part of the strategic shift described in Note 1, Description of Business, and Note 4, Discontinued Operations and Assets Held for Sale. 2017 Asset Sale and Purchase Price Settlement Agreement Ad Portas Asset Sale In November 2017, we completed the sale of an asset group at Ad Portas, a for-profit real estate subsidiary in our Andean segment, to UDLA Ecuador, a licensed institution in Ecuador that was formerly consolidated into Laureate. This asset group included property and equipment and was previously classified as assets held for sale in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2017. We received total consideration of approximately $55,000, which included cash proceeds of $17,784, and recognized an operating gain on the sale of this property and equipment of approximately $20,300. Contemporaneous with this transaction, we also repurchased UDLA Ecuador's noncontrolling interest in a Chilean real estate subsidiary of Laureate for a purchase price of $36,247, which included a cash payment of $6,085. The payment is included in Payments to purchase noncontrolling interests in the 2017 Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. During the years ended December 31, 2017, and 2016, the Chilean real estate subsidiary made dividend payments to UDLA Ecuador of $1,242 and $955, respectively, related to this investment. Certain for-profit entities of Laureate provided services and/or intellectual property to UDLA Ecuador through contractual arrangements at market rates. During the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the total amounts recognized through these contractual arrangements, primarily as other revenues, were $864, $13,927 and $13,970, respectively. Purchase Price Settlement Agreement for Swiss Hospitality Management Schools In December 2017, we reached a final purchase price settlement agreement with Eurazeo, the buyer of our Swiss hospitality management schools in 2016 as described further below, and made a payment to Eurazeo of approximately $9,300. This payment is included in Receipts from sale of subsidiaries and property and equipment, net of cash sold on the 2017 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. The total settlement amount was approximately $10,300, which we recognized as Gain (loss) on sales of subsidiaries, net, in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2017, as it represented an adjustment of the sale purchase price. 2016 Dispositions Sale of Glion and Les Roches Hospitality Management Schools On March 15, 2016, we signed an agreement with Eurazeo, a publicly traded French investment company, to sell Glion Institute of Higher Education (Glion) and Les Roches International School of Hotel Management (Les Roches) for a total transaction value of approximately CHF 380,000 (approximately $385,000 at the signing date), subject to certain adjustments. The sale included the operations of Glion in Switzerland and the United Kingdom, the operations of Les Roches in Switzerland and the United States, Haute école spécialisée Les Roches-Gruyère SA (LRG) in Switzerland, Les Roches Jin Jiang in China, Royal Academy of Culinary Arts (RACA) in Jordan and Les Roches Marbella in Spain. Closing of the transaction was subject to regulatory approvals, including by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges, and other customary conditions and provisions. The transaction closed on June 14, 2016 and we received total net proceeds of approximately $332,800, net of cash sold of $14,500, and after adjustments for liabilities assumed by the buyer and transaction-related costs. In September 2016, Laureate received additional proceeds from the buyer of approximately $5,800 after finalization of the working capital adjustment required by the purchase agreement, resulting in a total non-taxable gain on sale of approximately $249,400. In addition, on the June 14, 2016 closing date, we settled the deal-contingent forward exchange swap agreement for a payment of $10,297. We provided certain back-office services to Glion and Les Roches for a period of time. As noted above, in December 2017 we reached a final purchase price settlement agreement with Eurazeo of approximately $10,300. Sale of Institutions in France On April 19, 2016, Laureate announced that it had signed an agreement for the transfer of control of LIUF SAS (LIUF), the French holding entity, to Apax Partners, a leading private equity firm in French-speaking European countries. Management obtained approval for this transaction on April 6, 2016. The French anti-trust authority also approved the transaction, and closing took place on July 20, 2016. LIUF comprised five institutions, including two VIE institutions:
• | École Supérieure du Commerce Extérieur (ESCE);
• | Institut Français de Gestion (IFG);
• | European Business School (EBS);
• | École Centrale d’Electronique (ECE); and
• | Centre d’Études Politiques et de la Communication (CEPC).
The value of the transaction was EUR 201,000 (approximately $228,000 at the signing date), subject to certain adjustments. At closing on July 20, 2016, we received total net proceeds of approximately $207,000, net of cash sold of $3,400, and after adjustments for liabilities assumed by the buyer and transaction-related costs, resulting in a non-taxable gain on sale of approximately $148,700. In addition, in July 2016 we settled the forward exchange swap agreements related to this sale, resulting in total proceeds of $4,634.

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- Definition The entire disclosure related to a disposal group. Includes, but is not limited to, a discontinued operation, disposal classified as held-for-sale or disposed of by means other than sale or disposal of an individually significant component. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 360 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2155823 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 205 -SubTopic 20 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2122178 + Details
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