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Reportable Segments
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2017
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Reportable Segments
17. Reportable Segments
 
We manage our business segments primarily based upon the type of product or service provided. We have two reportable segments which we operate within the U.S.: contract operations and aftermarket services. The contract operations segment primarily provides natural gas compression services to meet specific customer requirements. The aftermarket services segment provides a full range of services to support the compression needs of customers, from part sales and normal maintenance services to full operation of a customer’s owned assets.

We evaluate the performance of our segments based on gross margin for each segment. Revenue includes only sales to external customers.

The following table presents revenue and other financial information by reportable segment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands): 
 
Contract
Operations
 
Aftermarket
Services
 
Reportable
Segments
Total
Three months ended September 30, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue from external customers
$
153,524

 
$
44,329

 
$
197,853

Gross margin
81,573

 
5,843

 
87,416

Three months ended September 30, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue from external customers
$
156,599

 
$
39,250

 
$
195,849

Gross margin
96,823

 
6,500

 
103,323

 
 
 
 
 
 
Nine months ended September 30, 2017:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue from external customers
$
454,622

 
$
131,098

 
$
585,720

Gross margin
256,331

 
19,271

 
275,602

Nine months ended September 30, 2016:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue from external customers
$
495,811

 
$
117,478

 
$
613,289

Gross margin
308,990

 
20,013

 
329,003

 
The following table reconciles total gross margin to loss before income taxes (in thousands):
 
 
Three Months Ended September 30,
 
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 
2017
 
2016
 
2017
 
2016
Total gross margin
$
87,416

 
$
103,323

 
$
275,602

 
$
329,003

Less:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
29,108

 
25,448

 
81,823

 
87,745

Depreciation and amortization
47,463

 
52,068

 
142,483

 
157,891

Long-lived asset impairment
7,105

 
16,713

 
20,858

 
40,381

Restatement and other charges
566

 
426

 
3,287

 
860

Restructuring and other charges
422

 
4,689

 
1,245

 
15,758

Interest expense
22,892

 
21,365

 
66,817

 
62,842

Debt extinguishment costs

 

 
291

 

Other income, net
(2,716
)
 
(2,470
)
 
(4,472
)
 
(4,640
)
Loss before income taxes
$
(17,424
)

$
(14,916
)

$
(36,730
)

$
(31,834
)