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Segments
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2019
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segments 19. Segments
 
We manage our business segments primarily based on the type of product or service provided. We have two segments which we operate within the U.S.: contract operations and aftermarket services. The contract operations segment primarily provides natural gas compression services to meet specific customer requirements. The aftermarket services segment provides a full range of services to support the compression needs of customers, from part sales and normal maintenance services to full operation of a customer’s owned assets.

We evaluate the performance of our segments based on gross margin for each segment. Revenue includes only sales to external customers.

The following table presents revenue and gross margin by segment during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands): 
 
Contract
Operations
 
Aftermarket
Services
 

Total
Three months ended March 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
182,507

 
$
53,652

 
$
236,159

Gross margin
107,772

 
9,750

 
117,522

Three months ended March 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
$
161,197

 
$
50,843

 
$
212,040

Gross margin
96,602

 
8,506

 
105,108


 
The following table reconciles total gross margin to income before income taxes (in thousands):

 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2019
 
2018
Total gross margin
$
117,522

 
$
105,108

Less:
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
28,989

 
27,508

Depreciation and amortization
44,106

 
44,455

Long-lived asset impairment
3,092

 
4,710

Restatement and other charges
421

 
485

Interest expense
23,617

 
22,547

Merger-related costs
180

 
4,125

Other income, net
(205
)
 
(1,145
)
Income before income taxes
$
17,322


$
2,423