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Income Taxes Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | Our provision for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended December 31,
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current tax provision (benefit): | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
U.S. federal | ​ | $ | (99) | ​ | $ | 75 | ​ | $ | —
State | ​ |  | 326 | ​ |  | 377 | ​ |  | 912
Total current | ​ | ​ | 227 | ​ | ​ | 452 | ​ | ​ | 912
Deferred tax provision (benefit): | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |
U.S. federal | ​ | ​ | (17,246) | ​ | ​ | (35,597) | ​ | ​ | 6,197
State | ​ |  | (518) | ​ |  | (4,000) | ​ |  | (959)
Total deferred | ​ | ​ | (17,764) | ​ | ​ | (39,597) | ​ | ​ | 5,238
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | ​ | $ | (17,537) | ​ | $ | (39,145) | ​ | $ | 6,150
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | The provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018 resulted in effective tax rates on continuing operations of 20.4%, (67.0)% and 17.4%, respectively. The following table reconciles these effective tax rates to the U.S. statutory rate of 21%, the rate in effect during 2020, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Income taxes at U.S. federal statutory rate |  | $ | (18,056) |  | $ | 12,276 |  | $ | 7,415
Net state income taxes | ​ |  | (817) | ​ |  | 1,634 | ​ |  | 1,570
Tax credits | ​ |  | (1,256) | ​ |  | (1,757) | ​ |  | (244)
Noncontrolling interest | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (1,793)
Unrecognized tax benefits (1) | ​ |  | 772 | ​ |  | (1,958) | ​ |  | (1,443)
Valuation allowances and write off of tax attributes (2) | ​ |  | 236 | ​ |  | (50,219) | ​ |  | (58)
Executive compensation limitation | ​ |  | 1,159 | ​ |  | 1,102 | ​ |  | 977
Stock | ​ |  | 538 | ​ |  | 66 | ​ |  | (455)
Other | ​ |  | (113) | ​ |  | (289) | ​ |  | 181
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes | ​ | $ | (17,537) | ​ | $ | (39,145) | ​ | $ | 6,150
(1) | Reflects a decrease in our uncertain tax benefit, net of federal benefit, due to settlements of tax audits and expiration of statute of limitations in 2019 and 2018.
(2) | See “Tax Attributes and Valuation Allowances” below for further details.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The tax effects of temporary differences that gave rise to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities were as follows (in thousands): ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2020 | ​ | 2019
Deferred tax assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Net operating loss carryforwards | ​ | $ | 158,916 | ​ | $ | 116,378
Accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 3,133 | ​ |  | 3,486
Other | ​ |  | 12,124 | ​ |  | 12,479
​ | ​ |  | 174,173 | ​ |  | 132,343
Valuation allowances (1) | ​ |  | (1,027) | ​ |  | (822)
Total deferred tax assets | ​ | ​ | 173,146 | ​ | ​ | 131,521
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deferred tax liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Property, plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | (6,066) | ​ | ​ | (6,440)
Basis difference in the Partnership | ​ |  | (103,721) | ​ |  | (81,645)
Other | ​ |  | (7,150) | ​ |  | (8,083)
Total deferred tax liabilities | ​ |  | (116,937) | ​ |  | (96,168)
Net deferred tax asset (2) | ​ | $ | 56,209 | ​ | $ | 35,353
(1) | See “Tax Attributes and Valuation Allowances” below for further details.
(2) | The 2020 and 2019 net deferred tax asset are reflected in our consolidated balance sheets as deferred tax assets of $56.9 million and $36.6 million, respectively, and deferred tax liabilities of $0.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively.
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward | A reconciliation of the unrecognized tax benefit (including discontinued operations) activity is shown below (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Year Ended December 31,
​ | ​ | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance |  | $ | 18,453 |  | $ | 19,560 |  | $ | 21,400
Additions based on tax positions related to current year | ​ |  | 2,397 | ​ |  | 2,227 | ​ |  | 1,893
Additions based on tax positions related to prior years | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 2,047 | ​ |  | 450
Reductions based on settlement refunds from government authorities | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | (4,414) | ​ |  | (3,461)
Reductions based on tax positions related to prior years | ​ |  | (73) | ​ |  | (51) | ​ |  | (20)
Reductions based on lapse of statute of limitations | ​ |  | (1,885) | ​ |  | (916) | ​ |  | (702)
Ending balance | ​ | $ | 18,892 | ​ | $ | 18,453 | ​ | $ | 19,560

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