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Earnings per Common Share
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Earnings per Common Share  
Net Income (Loss) per Common Share

24. Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share is computed using the two–class method, which is an earnings allocation formula that determines earnings per share for each class of common stock and participating security according to dividends declared and participation rights in undistributed earnings. Under the two–class method, basic earnings per common share is determined by dividing net income, after deducting amounts allocated to participating securities, by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Participating securities include unvested restricted stock and stock–settled restricted stock units that have nonforfeitable rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents, whether paid or unpaid. During periods of net loss, only distributed earnings (dividends) are allocated to participating securities, as participating securities do not have a contractual obligation to participate in our undistributed losses.

Diluted earnings per common share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding adjusted for the incremental common stock equivalents attributed to outstanding performance–based restricted stock units and stock to be issued pursuant to our ESPP unless their effect would be anti–dilutive.

The following table shows the calculation of net income attributable to common stockholders, which is used in the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share, potential shares of common stock that were included in computing diluted earnings per common share and the potential shares of common stock issuable that were excluded from computing diluted earnings per common share as their inclusion would have been anti–dilutive:

Year Ended December 31, 

(in thousands)

2023

    

2022

    

2021

Net income

$

104,998

$

44,296

$

28,217

Less: Allocation of earnings to participating securities

 

(1,878)

 

(1,429)

 

(1,172)

Net income attributable to common stockholders

$

103,120

$

42,867

$

27,045

Weighted average common shares outstanding used in basic earnings per common share

154,126

153,281

151,684

Effect of dilutive securities:

Performance-based restricted stock units

207

125

144

ESPP shares

11

4

2

Weighted average common shares outstanding used in diluted earnings per common share

154,344

153,410

151,830

Anti-dilutive shares excluded from diluted income per common share

Stock options

31

Performance-based restricted stock units

ESPP shares

Net dilutive potential common shares issuable

31