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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 02, 2016
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Principles of Consolidation. These Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of Cavco Industries, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company" or "Cavco"). All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified to conform to current period classification. The Company has evaluated subsequent events after the balance sheet date of April 2, 2016, through the date of the filing of this report with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Subsequent to period end, there was an increase in homeowner insurance claims in our financial services segment, the result of severe adverse Spring weather activity in Texas. The total impact of these events is not yet known, as the Company is still adjusting the claims and determining recoveries from reinsurance for catastrophic losses. In fiscal year 2010, the Company and its investment partners, Third Avenue Value Fund and an affiliate (collectively, "Third Avenue"), formed a jointly-owned corporation, Fleetwood Homes, Inc. ("Fleetwood") and purchased certain manufactured housing assets and liabilities of Fleetwood Enterprises, Inc. (the "Fleetwood Acquisition"). Third Avenue Management LLC is an investment adviser to Third Avenue Value Fund and is a related party to the Company, as described further in Note 21 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Fleetwood, through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Palm Harbor Homes, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Palm Harbor"), acquired certain manufactured housing assets and liabilities of Palm Harbor Homes, Inc., a Florida corporation, and certain of its subsidiaries including CountryPlace Acceptance Corp. ("CountryPlace") on April 23, 2011 (the "Palm Harbor Acquisition Date"). Subsequently, the stock of Standard Casualty Co. ("Standard Casualty") was acquired on June 10, 2011 after regulatory approval was received from the Texas Department of Insurance. Since the Fleetwood Acquisition, financial information for Fleetwood has been included in the Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes in accordance with the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 810, Consolidation ("ASC 810"). Management determined that, under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), although Fleetwood was previously only 50 percent owned by the Company, Cavco had a controlling interest and was required to fully consolidate the results of Fleetwood. Third Avenue’s financial interest in Fleetwood was considered a "redeemable noncontrolling interest" and was designated as such in the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 20). On July 22, 2013, Cavco purchased all noncontrolling interests in Fleetwood pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement, which was filed with the SEC on June 14, 2013 as an exhibit to the Company's Periodic Report on Form 8-K (see Note 21). The transaction was accounted for as an equity transaction and eliminated the need for noncontrolling interest accounting. As a result of the transaction, Cavco owns 100 percent of Fleetwood and its holdings, including Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, CountryPlace and Standard Casualty. On March 30, 2015, the Company purchased certain manufactured housing assets and liabilities of Chariot Eagle, LLC, which produces park model RVs and manufactured homes distributed in the southeastern United States. On May 1, 2015, the Company also purchased certain manufactured housing assets and liabilities of Fairmont Homes, a premier builder of manufactured and modular homes and park model RVs serving the Midwest, western Great Plains states, the Northeast and several provinces in Canada. These operations include manufactured housing production facilities in Ocala, Florida; Nappanee, Indiana; and two factories in Montevideo, Minnesota, and provide for further operating capacity, increased home production capabilities and distribution into new markets. Both of these acquisitions were accounted for as business combinations and the results of operations have been included since the date of their respective acquisitions. Nature of Operations. Headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona, the Company designs and produces manufactured homes which are sold to a network of independent retailers located throughout the continental United States as well as through Company-owned retail sales locations which offer the Company’s homes to retail customers. Our financial services group is comprised of a mortgage subsidiary, CountryPlace, an approved Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA" or "Fannie Mae") and Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC" and "Freddie Mac") seller/servicer, a Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA" or "Ginnie Mae") mortgage backed securities issuer which offers conforming mortgages and chattel loans to purchasers of factory-built and site-built homes. Also included is our insurance subsidiary, Standard Casualty, which provides property and casualty insurance to owners of manufactured homes. Fiscal Year. The Company utilizes a 52-53 week fiscal year ending on the Saturday nearest to March 31 of each year. Each fiscal quarter consists of 13 weeks, with an occasional fourth quarter extending to 14 weeks, if necessary, for the fiscal year to end on the Saturday nearest to March 31. The Company’s current fiscal year consisted of 53 weeks and ended on April 2, 2016. Accounting Estimates. Preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used in preparation of the financial statements. Fair Value of Financial Instruments. The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, investments, consumer loans receivable, commercial loans receivable, accounts payable, certain accrued liabilities and securitized financings. The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because their maturity is less than three months. The carrying amounts of restricted cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and certain accrued liabilities approximate fair value due to the short-term maturity of the amounts. The carrying amount of investments classified as held for sale is at fair value as the investments are marked to market (see Note 3). The carrying amount of the Company’s commercial loans receivable fair value is estimated based on the market value of comparable loans. The fair value of consumer loans receivable and securitized financings are both estimated to be greater than carrying value (see Note 18). Factory-Built Housing Revenue Recognition. Revenue from homes sold to independent retailers is generally recognized when the home is shipped, at which time title passes to the independent retailer and collectability is reasonably assured. Homes sold to independent retailers are generally either paid for prior to shipment or floor plan financed by the independent retailer through standard industry arrangements, which can include repurchase agreements. Manufacturing sales financed under repurchase agreements are reduced by a provision for estimated repurchase obligations (see Note 15). Revenue from homes sold under commercial loan programs involving funds provided by the Company is either deferred until such time that payment for the related commercial loan receivable is received by the Company or recognized when the home is shipped, depending on the nature of the program and borrower (see Note 6 for discussion of Commercial loans receivable). Retail sales by Company-owned retail locations are generally recognized when the customer has entered into a legally binding sales contract, the home is delivered and permanently located at the customer's site, accepted by the customer, title has transferred and funding is reasonably assured. Some of the Company’s independent retailers operate multiple sales outlets. No independent retailer accounted for 10% or more of our factory-built housing revenue during any fiscal year within the three-year period ended April 2, 2016. Financial Services Revenue Recognition. Premium amounts collected on policies issued and assumed by Standard Casualty are amortized on a straight-line basis into net revenue over the life of the policy. Premiums earned are net of reinsurance ceded. Policy acquisition costs are also amortized as cost of sales over the life of the policy. At the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date, management evaluated consumer loans receivable held for investment by CountryPlace to determine whether there was evidence of deterioration of credit quality and if it was probable that CountryPlace would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loans’ contractual terms. The Company also considered expected prepayments and estimated the amount and timing of undiscounted expected principal, interest and other cash flows. The Company determined the excess of the loan pool’s scheduled contractual principal and contractual interest payments over the undiscounted cash flows expected as of the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date as an amount that is not accreted into interest income (the non-accretable difference). The cash flow expected to be collected in excess of the carrying value of the acquired loans is accreted into interest income over the remaining life of the loans (referred to as accretable yield). Interest income on consumer loans receivable is recognized as net revenue (see Note 5). For loans originated by CountryPlace and held for sale, loan origination fees and gains or losses on sales are recognized as net revenue upon title transfer of the loans. CountryPlace provides third-party servicing of mortgages and earns servicing fees each month based on the aggregate outstanding balances. Servicing fees are recognized as net revenue when earned. Cash and Cash Equivalents. Highly liquid investments with insignificant interest rate risk and original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, are classified as cash equivalents. The Company’s cash equivalents are comprised of U.S. Treasury money market funds and money market funds. Restricted Cash. Restricted cash primarily represents cash related to CountryPlace customer payments to be remitted to third parties, cash held in trust for workers' compensation insurance and deposits received from retail customers required to be held in trust accounts. The Company cannot access restricted cash for general operating purposes (see Note 2). Accounts Receivable. The Company extends competitive credit terms on a customer-by-customer basis in the normal course of business and its accounts receivable are subject to normal industry risk. The Company provides for reserves against accounts receivable for estimated losses that may result from customers' inability to pay. As of April 2, 2016, allowance for doubtful accounts was $75,000, attributable to factory-built housing operations, compared to $56,000 at March 28, 2015. Investments. Management determines the appropriate classification of its investment securities at the time of purchase. The Company’s investments include marketable debt and equity securities, a majority of which are held as available-for-sale, and non-marketable equity investments. All investments classified as available-for-sale are recorded at fair value with any unrealized gains and losses reported in accumulated other comprehensive income, net of income tax if applicable. Realized gains and losses from the sale of securities are determined using the specific identification method (see Note 3). Management regularly makes an assessment to determine whether a decline in value of an individual security is other-than-temporary. The Company considers the following factors when making its assessment: (i) the Company’s ability and intent to hold the investment to maturity, or a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in market value; (ii) whether it is probable that the Company will be able to collect the amounts contractually due; and (iii) whether any decision has been made to dispose of the investment prior to the balance sheet date. Investments on which there is an unrealized loss that is deemed to be other-than-temporary are written down to fair value with the loss recorded in earnings. Consumer Loans Receivable. Consumer loans receivable consists of manufactured housing loans originated by CountryPlace (securitized, held for investment, or held for sale) and construction advances on mortgages. The fair value of consumer loans receivable held on the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date was calculated as of that date, as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows, with no allowance for loan loss recorded. Loans held for investment consist of loan contracts collateralized by the borrowers’ homes and, in some instances, related land. Construction loans in progress are stated at the aggregate amount of cumulative funded advances. Loans held for sale consist of loan contracts collateralized by single-family residential mortgages. Loans held for sale are stated at the lower of cost or market on an aggregate basis. Loans held for sale are loans that, at the time of origination, are originated with the intent to resell in the mortgage market to investors, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, with which the Company has pre-existing purchase agreements, or to sell as part of a Ginnie Mae insured pool of loans. Prior to being acquired by the Company, on July 12, 2005 and March 22, 2007, CountryPlace completed two securitizations of factory-built housing loan receivables. These two securitizations were accounted for as financings, which use the portfolio method of accounting in accordance with FASB ASC 310, Receivables – Nonrefundable Fees and Other. The securitizations included provisions for removal of accounts, retention of certain credit loss risk by CountryPlace and other factors that preclude sale accounting of the securitizations under FASB ASC 860, Transfers and Servicing. Both securitizations were accounted for as securitized borrowings; therefore, the related consumer loans receivable and securitized financings were included in CountryPlace’s financial statements. Since the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date, the acquired consumer loans receivable and securitized financings are accounted for in a manner similar to FASB ASC 310-30, Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality ("ASC 310-30"). Allowance for Loan Losses. The primary portion of the allowance for loan losses reflects the Company’s judgment of the probable loss exposure on our commercial loans receivable as of the end of the reporting period. The allowance for loan loss is developed at a portfolio level. A range of probable losses is calculated and the Company makes a determination of the best estimate within the range of loan losses. The Company has historically been able to resell repossessed homes, thereby mitigating loss experience. If a default occurs and collateral is lost, the Company is exposed to loss of the full value of the home loan. If the Company determines that it is probable that a borrower will default, a specific reserve is determined and recorded within the estimated allowance for loan loss. The Company recorded an allowance for loan loss of $128,000 and $73,000 at April 2, 2016 and March 28, 2015, respectively (see Note 6). Another portion of the allowance for loan losses relates to consumer loans receivable originated by CountryPlace after the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date. This allowance for loan losses reflects CountryPlace’s judgment of the probable loss exposure on its loans originated since the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date in the held for investment portfolio as of the end of the reporting period. CountryPlace accounts for the loans that were in existence at the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date in a manner similar to ASC 310-30. Management evaluated such loans as of the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date to determine whether there was evidence of deterioration of credit quality and if it was probable that CountryPlace would be unable to collect all amounts due according to the loans’ contractual terms. Over the life of the loans, CountryPlace continues to estimate cash flows expected to be collected. CountryPlace evaluates at the balance sheet date whether the present value of its expected cash flows, determined using the effective interest rate, has decreased and, if so, recognizes an allowance for loan loss subsequent to the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date. The present value of any subsequent increase in the loan pool’s actual cash flows expected to be collected is used first to reverse any existing allowance for loan loss. Any remaining increase in cash flows expected to be collected adjusts the amount of accretable yield recognized on a prospective basis over the loan pool’s remaining life (see Note 5). CountryPlace has modified payment amounts and/or interest rates for borrowers that, in management’s judgment, exhibited the willingness and ability to continue to pay and met certain other conditions. CountryPlace considers a modified loan a troubled debt restructuring when three conditions are met: (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, (ii) concessions are made by CountryPlace that it would not otherwise consider for a borrower with similar risk characteristics, and (iii) the loan was originated after the Palm Harbor Acquisition Date. CountryPlace no longer considers modified loans to be troubled debt restructurings once the modified loan is seasoned for six months, is not delinquent under the modified terms and is at a market rate of interest at the modification date. Commercial Loans Receivable. The Company’s commercial loans receivable balance consists of amounts loaned by the Company under commercial loan programs for the benefit of our independent retailers and community operators’ home purchasing needs. Under the terms of certain programs, the Company has entered into direct commercial loan arrangements with independent retailers and community operators wherein the Company provides funds to purchase home inventory or homes for placement in communities. In addition, the Company provides a significant amount of the funds that independent financiers lend to distributors to finance retail inventories of homes. Interest income on commercial loans receivable is recognized as Other income in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income on an accrual basis. Inventories. Raw material inventories are valued at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. Finished goods and work-in-process inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market, using the specific identification method. Assets Held for Sale. As of April 2, 2016, the Company has no assets classified as held for sale. During the year ended March 28, 2015, the Company sold an inactive manufacturing facility in Albemarle, North Carolina for $900,000 and real estate in Lakeland, Florida for $415,000, that was previously listed as held for sale in the prior year. The net gain on these two sales was $87,000, which is recorded in Other income, net. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset. Estimated useful lives for significant classes of assets are as follows: buildings and improvements, 10 to 39 years; and machinery and equipment, 3 to 25 years. Repairs and maintenance charges are expensed as incurred. During the year ended March 28, 2015, the Company sold an inactive manufacturing facility in Woodland, California for $4.7 million and real estate in Chino Valley, Arizona for $238,000. The gain on these two sales was $1.3 million, which is recorded in Other income, net. The Company also sold miscellaneous property, plant and equipment in the normal course of business. Asset Impairment. The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used and held for sale for impairment when events and circumstances warrant such a review. The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair value of the long-lived asset. Fair value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that the fair values are primarily based on independent appraisals and preliminary or definitive contractual arrangements less costs to dispose. The Company recognized no impairment losses in fiscal years 2016 and 2015 and $560,000 in fiscal year 2014. Goodwill and Other Intangibles. The Company accounts for goodwill and other intangible assets in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 350, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other ("ASC 350"). As such, the Company tests goodwill annually for impairment by reporting unit by first making a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, performing the two-step test and recording an impairment charge if the implied fair value of a reporting unit, including goodwill, is less than its carrying value. The Company has identified two reporting units, factory-built housing and financial services. As of April 2, 2016, all of the Company's goodwill is attributable to its factory-built housing reporting unit. Certain intangibles are considered indefinite-lived and others are finite-lived and are amortized over their useful lives. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed annually for impairment first by making a qualitative assessment, and if necessary, performing a quantitative assessment and recording an impairment charge if the fair value of the asset is less than its carrying amount. The Company performed its annual goodwill impairment analysis as of April 2, 2016. In accordance with Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2011-08, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Testing Goodwill for Impairment, the Company first assessed qualitative factors to determine that it was more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is not less than its carrying amount. As a result, performing the two-step impairment test was determined to be unnecessary for fiscal years 2016 or 2015. Warranties. The Company provides retail home buyers, builders or developers with a one-year warranty for manufacturing defects from the date of sale to the retail customer. Nonstructural components of a cosmetic nature are warranted for 120 days, except in specific cases where state laws require longer warranty terms. Estimated warranty costs are accrued as cost of sales at the time of sale. The warranty provision and reserves are based on estimates of the amounts necessary to settle existing and future claims on homes sold as of the balance sheet date. Factors used to calculate the warranty obligation are the estimated amount of homes still under warranty including homes in retailer inventories, homes purchased by consumers still within the one-year warranty period, the timing in which work orders are completed and the historical average costs incurred to service a home. Retailer Volume Rebates. The Company’s manufacturing operations sponsor volume rebate programs under which certain sales to retailers, builders and developers can qualify for cash rebates generally based on the level of sales attained during a twelve-month period. Volume rebates are accrued at the time of sale and are recorded as a reduction of net revenue. Reserve for Repurchase Commitment. The Company is contingently liable under terms of repurchase agreements with financial institutions providing inventory financing for retailers of its products. These arrangements, which are customary in the industry, provide for the repurchase of products sold to retailers in the event of default by the retailer. The risk of loss under these agreements is spread over numerous retailers. The price the Company is obligated to pay generally declines over the period of the agreement (generally 18 to 36 months) and is further reduced by the resale value of repurchased homes. The Company applies FASB ASC 460, Guarantees ("ASC 460") and FASB ASC 450-20, Loss Contingencies ("ASC 450-20"), to account for its liability for repurchase commitments. Under the provisions of ASC 460, during the period in which a home is sold (inception of a repurchase commitment), the Company records the greater of the estimated fair value of the non-contingent obligation or a contingent liability for each repurchase arrangement under the provisions of ASC 450-20, based on historical information available, as a reduction to revenue. Additionally, subsequent to the inception of the repurchase commitment, the Company evaluates the likelihood that it will be called on to perform under the inventory repurchase commitments. If it becomes probable that a retailer will default and an ASC 450-20 loss reserve should be recorded, then such contingent liability is recorded equal to the estimated loss on repurchase. Following the inception of the commitment, the recorded reserve is reduced over the repurchase period in conjunction with applicable curtailment arrangements and is eliminated once the retailer sells the home. Changes in the reserve are recorded as an adjustment to revenue. Reserve for Property-Liability Insurance Claims and Claims Expense. Standard Casualty establishes reserves for claims and claims expense ("loss") on reported and unreported claims of insured losses. Standard Casualty’s reserving process takes into account known facts and interpretations of circumstances and factors, including Standard’s experience with similar cases, actual claims paid, historical trends involving claim payment patterns and pending levels of unpaid claims, loss management programs, product mix, contractual terms, changes in law and regulation, judicial decisions and economic conditions. In the normal course of business, Standard Casualty may also supplement its claims processes by utilizing third party adjusters, appraisers, engineers, inspectors and other professionals and information sources to assess and settle catastrophe and non-catastrophe related claims. The effects of inflation are implicitly considered in the reserving process. The applicable reserve balance was $6.0 million as of April 2, 2016, of which $663,000 related to incurred but not reported ("IBNR") losses. Insurance. The Company is self-insured for a significant portion of its general and products liability, auto liability, health, property and workers’ compensation liability coverage. Insurance is maintained for catastrophic exposures and those risks required to be insured by law. Estimated self-insurance costs are accrued for incurred claims and estimated IBNR claims. For product liability and workers' compensation liability in particular, the Company has purchased stop-loss insurance, which will reimburse the Company for claims exceeding $250,000 per occurrence. A reserve for products liability is actuarially determined and reflected in accrued liabilities in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The determination of claims and expenses and the appropriateness of the related liabilities are regularly reviewed and updated. Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest. Historically, the Company's subsidiary, Fleetwood Homes, Inc. ("Fleetwood"), was jointly owned by the Company and its investment partners, Third Avenue Value Fund and an affiliate (collectively, "Third Avenue"). Third Avenue's financial interest in Fleetwood was reported as a "redeemable noncontrolling interest" in the Consolidated Financial Statements (see Note 20). On July 22, 2013, Cavco purchased from Third Avenue all noncontrolling interests in Fleetwood, which owns Fleetwood Homes, Palm Harbor Homes, CountryPlace and Standard Casualty (the "Fleetwood Businesses"). The Company satisfied the purchase price with 1,867,370 shares of Company common stock issued to Third Avenue. The acquisition closed on July 22, 2013, resulting in Cavco owning 100 percent of the Fleetwood Businesses and entitling Cavco to all of the associated earnings from that date forward. As of April 2, 2016, Third Avenue and its related funds owned approximately 8.2% of our outstanding common shares. Third Avenue and Third Avenue Management LLC are either directly or indirectly under common control. Third Avenue is considered a principal owner, and therefore a related party, under ASC 850, Related Party Disclosures ("ASC 850") (see Note 21). Advertising. Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $0.7 million in fiscal year 2016 and $1.5 million in each of the fiscal years 2015 and 2014. Freight. Substantially all freight costs are recovered from the Company’s retailers. Freight charges of $22.3 million were recognized in net revenue and cost of sales in fiscal year 2016 and $17.6 million was recognized for each of fiscal years and 2015 and 2014. Income Taxes. The Company accounts for income taxes pursuant to FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes ("ASC 740"), and provides for income taxes utilizing the asset and liability approach. Under this approach, deferred taxes represent the future tax consequences expected to occur when the reported amounts of assets and liabilities are recovered or paid. The provision for income taxes generally represents income taxes paid or payable for the current year plus the change in deferred taxes during the year. Deferred taxes result from differences between the financial and tax bases of the Company’s assets and liabilities and are adjusted for changes in tax rates and tax laws when changes are enacted. The calculation of tax liabilities involves considering uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for anticipated tax audit issues based on the Company’s estimate of whether, and the extent to which, additional taxes will be due. If payment of these amounts ultimately proves to be unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in tax benefits being recognized in the period when the liabilities are no longer determined to be necessary. If the estimate of tax liabilities proves to be less than the ultimate assessment, a further charge to expense would result. The Company uses a two-step approach to evaluate uncertain tax positions. This approach involves recognizing any tax positions that are more likely than not to occur and then measuring those positions to determine the amounts to be recognized in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Other Income, net. Other income, net totaled $2.0 million, $3.4 million and $1.1 million for fiscal years 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Other income primarily consists interest related to commercial loan receivable balances and interest income earned on cash balances and gains and losses or impairment on property, plant and equipment, including assets held for sale or sold. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. Accumulated other comprehensive income is comprised of unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale investments (see Note 3). Unrealized gains and losses are presented net of tax. Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments during fiscal year 2016 was $1.3 million before tax, with an associated tax amount of $539,000, resulting in a net unrealized gain of $785,000. Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments during fiscal year 2015 was $106,000, offset by tax effect of $38,000, for a net unrealized gain of $68,000. Unrealized gain on available-for-sale investments during fiscal year 2014 was $126,000 before tax, with an associated tax amount of $44,000, resulting in a net unrealized gain of $82,000. Net Income Per Share Attributable to Cavco Common Stockholders. Basic earnings per common share attributable to Cavco common stockholders is computed based on the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Cavco common stockholders is computed based on the combination of dilutive common share equivalents, comprised of shares issuable under the Company’s stock-based compensation plans and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the reporting period. Dilutive common share equivalents include the dilutive effect of in-the-money options to purchase shares, which is calculated based on the average share price for each period using the treasury stock method (see Note 17). Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In September 2013, the United States Treasury and the Internal Revenue Service issued final regulations regarding the deduction and capitalization of expenditures related to tangible property. The final regulations under Internal Revenue Code Sections 162, 167 and 263(a) apply to amounts paid to acquire, produce, or improve tangible property as well as dispositions of such property and are generally effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2014. These regulations have not had a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows or financial position. In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) ("ASU 2014-09"), which outlines a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most current revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The standard requires entities to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new guidance also includes a cohesive set of disclosure requirements intended to provide users of financial statements with comprehensive information about the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from a company’s contracts with customers. In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-14, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Deferral of the Effective Date, which deferred the effective date of the new revenue standard. Accordingly, the updated standard is effective for us beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2019, with e arly application permitted in fiscal year 2018. The standard allows for either "full retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied to all of the periods presented, or "modified retrospective" adoption, meaning the standard is applied only to the most current period presented in the financial statements. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2014-09 will have on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU 2015-17, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes ("ASU 2015-17"). ASU 2015-17 will be effective beginning with the Company's fiscal year 2019 annual report and interim periods thereafter, with early adoption permitted. In this update, entities are required to present all deferred tax liabilities and assets as noncurrent on the balance sheet instead of separating deferred taxes into current and noncurrent amounts. The standard can be applied either prospectively to all deferred tax liabilities and assets or retrospectively to all periods presented. As this standard impacts presentation only, the adoption of ASU 2015-17 is not expected to have an impact on the Company's financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). ASU 2016-01 will be effective beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2019. The amendments require certain equity investments to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-01 will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) ("ASU 2016-02"). ASU 2016-02 will be effective beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments require the recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet for most leases, but recognize expenses in the income statement in a manner similar to current accounting treatment. In addition, disclosures of key information about leasing arrangements are required. Upon adoption, leases will be recognized and measured at the beginning of the earliest period presented using a modified retrospective approach. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-02 will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Compensation- Stock Compensation (Topic 718) ("ASU 2016-09"). ASU 2016-09 will be effective beginning with the first quarter of the Company's fiscal year 2018, with early adoption permitted. The amendment simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. The Company is currently evaluating the effect ASU 2016-09 will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. From time to time, new accounting pronouncements are issued by the FASB and other regulatory bodies that are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective dates. Unless otherwise discussed, management believes that the impact of recently issued standards, which are not yet effective, will not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements upon adoption.

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