EX-3.1 2 cvco-20231230xexhibit31.htm EX-3.1
FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
CAVCO INDUSTRIES, INC.
ARTICLE I.
CAPITAL STOCK
SECTION 1. Certificates. Shares of the capital stock of Cavco Industries, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), shall be represented by certificates; provided, however, that the Board of Directors of the Company may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all classes or series of the Company’s stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Company. Every holder of stock represented by certificates shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by or in the name of the Company by any two authorized officers of the Company (it being understood that each of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, any Assistant Treasurer, the Secretary and any Assistant Secretary shall be an authorized officer for such purpose), certifying the number of shares owned by such holder in the Company. Any or all the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Company with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent, or registrar at the date of issue.
SECTION 2. Stockholders of Record. The Board of Directors of the Company may appoint one or more transfer agents or registrars of any class of stock or other security of the Company. The Company may be its own transfer agent if so appointed by the Board of Directors. The Company shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any shares of the Company as the owner thereof for all purposes, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to, or interest in, such shares or any rights deriving from such shares, on the part of any other person, including (but without limitation) a purchaser, assignee or transferee, unless and until such other person becomes the holder of record of such shares, whether or not the Company shall have either actual or constructive notice of the interest of such other person.
SECTION 3. Transfer of Shares. The shares of the capital stock of the Company shall be transferable in the share transfer records of the Company by the holder of record thereof, or his duly authorized attorney or legal representative. All certificates representing shares surrendered for transfer, properly endorsed, shall be canceled and new certificates for a like number of shares shall be issued therefor. In the case of lost, stolen, destroyed or mutilated certificates representing shares for which the Company has been requested to issue new certificates or uncertificated shares, new certificates or uncertificated shares may be issued upon such conditions as may be required by Company and any transfer agent or registrar, including the posting of a bond or other form of indemnity for any certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
SECTION 4. Stockholders of Record and Fixing of Record Date.
(A) In order that the Company may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting. If the Board of Directors so fixes a date, such date shall also be the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting unless the Board of Directors determines, at the time it fixes such record date, that a later date on or before the date of the meeting shall be the date for making such determination. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and in such case shall also fix as the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote in accordance herewith at the adjourned meeting.

(B) In order that the Company may determine the stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and which record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days prior to such action. If no such record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders for any such purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
ARTICLE II.
MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
SECTION 1. Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal office of the Company, in the City of Phoenix, Arizona, or at such other place, if any, within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated by the Board of Directors or officer calling the meeting.
SECTION 2. Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of the stockholders shall be held on such date and at such time as shall be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Company may postpone, reschedule or cancel any annual meeting of stockholders previously scheduled by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 3. Special Meetings. Unless otherwise provided by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “DGCL”), by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company or by any provisions established pursuant thereto with respect to the rights of holders of one or more outstanding series of the Company’s preferred stock, special meetings of the stockholders of the Company may be called at any time only by the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, if there is one, the President, or by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, and no such special meeting may be called by any other person or persons, including, without limitation, the holders of shares of the Company’s common stock. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. The Company may postpone, reschedule or cancel any special meeting of stockholders previously scheduled in accordance with this Section 3.
SECTION 4. Notice of Meeting. Whenever stockholders are required or permitted to take any action at a meeting, a notice of the meeting shall be given that shall state the place, if any, date and hour of the meeting, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (if such date is different from the record date for stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting) and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. Unless otherwise provided by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company or these Bylaws, the notice of any meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at the meeting as of the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting.
SECTION 5. Voting List. The Company shall prepare, no later than the tenth day before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting (provided, however, if the record date for determining the stockholders entitled to vote is less than ten (10) days before the date of the meeting, the list shall reflect the stockholders entitled to vote as of the tenth day before the meeting date), arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder for any purpose germane to the meeting for a period of ten (10) days ending on the day before the meeting date (i) on a reasonably accessible electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided with the notice of meeting or (ii) during ordinary business hours at the principal place of business of the Company. Except as otherwise provided by law, the stock ledger shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the list of stockholders required by this Section 5 or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.

SECTION 6. Voting; Proxies. Except as otherwise provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company or as otherwise provided under the DGCL, each holder of shares of capital stock of the Company entitled to vote shall be entitled to one vote for each share standing in his name on the records of the Company, either in person or by proxy executed in writing by him or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. The authorization of a person to act as proxy may be documented, signed and delivered in accordance with Section 116 of the DGCL provided that such authorization shall set forth, or be delivered with, information enabling the Company to determine the identity of the stockholder granting such authorization. A proxy shall be revocable unless expressly provided therein to be irrevocable and the proxy is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. At each election of directors, every holder of shares of the Company entitled to vote shall have the right to vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by him for as many persons as there are directors to be elected, and for whose election he has a right to vote, but in no event shall he be permitted to cumulate his votes for one or more directors.
SECTION 7. Quorum and Vote of Stockholders. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company or these Bylaws, the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares entitled to vote, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at a meeting of stockholders. In the absence of a quorum, either the Chairman of the Meeting or the stockholders so present, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares of the Company which are present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote thereon, may adjourn the meeting from time to time. Directors shall be elected by the vote of the majority of the votes cast with respect to that director’s election by the holders of shares of the Company entitled to vote in the election of directors at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present; provided that if, as of the tenth (10th) day preceding the date the Company first mails its notice of meeting for such meeting to the stockholders of the Company, the number of nominees exceeds the number of directors to be elected (a “Contested Election”), the directors shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes cast. For purposes of this Section 7, a majority of votes cast shall mean that the number of votes cast “for” a director’s election exceeds the number of votes cast “against” that director’s election (with “abstentions” and “broker nonvotes” not counted as a vote cast either “for” or “against” that director’s election). If, in an election that is not a Contested Election, a director does not receive a majority of the votes cast, such director shall submit an irrevocable resignation to the Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee of the Board of Directors, or such other committee designated by the Board of Directors. Such committee shall make a recommendation to the Board of Directors as to whether to accept or reject the resignation of such incumbent director, or whether other action should be taken. The Board of Directors shall act on the resignation, taking into account the committee’s recommendation, and publicly disclose (by a press release and filing an appropriate disclosure with the Securities and Exchange Commission) its decision regarding the resignation and, if such resignation is rejected, the rationale behind the decision within ninety (90) days following certification of the election results. The committee in making its recommendation and the Board of Directors in making its decision each may consider any factors and other information that they consider appropriate and relevant. If the Board of Directors accepts a director's resignation, or if a nominee for director is not elected and the nominee is not an incumbent director, then the Board of Directors may fill the resulting vacancy pursuant to the Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Article III, Section 3 of these Bylaws. All other elections and questions presented to the stockholders at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall, unless a different or minimum vote is required by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Company, or any law or regulation applicable to the Company or its securities, in which case such different or minimum vote shall be the applicable vote on the matter, be decided by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the shares entitled to vote on that matter and represented in person or by proxy at the meeting. With respect to the approval of independent public accountants (if submitted for a vote of the stockholders), the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the votes cast for or against that matter at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present shall be the act of the stockholders.

SECTION 8. Chairman of the Meeting and Conduct of Meetings. The Chairman of the Board, if there is one, or in his absence, the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, or in his absence, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders or, if such officers are not present at a meeting, by such other person as the Board of Directors shall designate or if no such person is designated by the Board of Directors, the most senior officer of the Company present at the meeting. The Secretary of the Company, if present, shall act as secretary of each meeting of stockholders; if he is not present at a meeting, then such person as may be designated by the presiding officer shall act as secretary of the meeting. The date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting shall be announced at the meeting by the person presiding over the meeting of stockholders (the “Chairman of the Meeting”). The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Meeting shall have the right and authority to convene and (for any or no reason) to recess and/or adjourn the meeting, to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such presiding person, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the Chairman of the Meeting, may include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the presiding person of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof; and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. The Chairman of the Meeting, in addition to making any other determinations that may be appropriate to the conduct of the meeting, shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare to the meeting that a matter or business was not properly brought before the meeting and if the Chairman of the Meeting should so determine, the Chairman of the Meeting shall so declare to the meeting and any such matter or business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be transacted or considered. Unless and to the extent determined by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
SECTION 9. Inspectors of Election. The Company may, and shall if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or more inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Company, to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The Company may designate one or more persons as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. In the event that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute faithfully the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the Company outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine the shares of capital stock of the Company represented at the meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the Company represented at the meeting and such inspectors’ count of all votes and ballots. Such certification and report shall specify such other information as may be required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots cast at any meeting of stockholders of the Company, the inspectors may consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. No person who is a candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such election.
SECTION 10. Notice of Stockholder Business and Nominations.
(A) Annual Meetings of Stockholders. (1) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders only (a) pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto), (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof or (c) by any stockholder of the Company who was a stockholder of record of the Company at the time the notice provided for in this Section 10 is delivered to the Secretary of the Company, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 10.

(2) For any nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (c) of paragraph (A)(1) of this Section 10, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Company and any such proposed business (other than the nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors) must constitute a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day, nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting (provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than seventy (70) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Company). Notwithstanding the foregoing, for a stockholder’s notice to be timely for purposes of the annual meeting of stockholders of the Company to be held in 2019, such stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not later than the close of business on the ninetieth (90th) day, nor earlier than the close of business on the one hundred eightieth (180th) day, prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting (provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than thirty (30) days before or more than seventy (70) days after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such annual meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Company). In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the annual meeting (or in the case of one or more stockholders giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees such stockholders may collectively nominate for election at the annual meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such annual meeting. Such stockholder’s notice shall set forth: (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director:
(i) all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for election of directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in each case pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder,
(ii) such person’s written consent to being named in the Company’s proxy statement and accompanying proxy card and to serving as a director if elected,
(iii) the name, age, business address and residence address of such nominee,
(iv) the principal occupation or employment of such nominee (present and for the past five years),
(v) the class and number of shares of each class and series of capital stock of the Company which are directly or indirectly owned of record or beneficially by such nominee,
(vi) the date or dates on which such shares were acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition,

(vii) a questionnaire completed and signed by such person (in the form to be provided by the Secretary of the Company upon written request of any stockholder of record within ten (10) days of such request) with respect to the background and qualification of such proposed nominee and (ii) and a written representation and agreement (in the form to be provided by the Secretary upon written request of any stockholder of record within ten (10) days of such request) that such proposed nominee (A) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether written or oral) with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such proposed nominee, if elected as a director of the Company, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Company or that could limit or interfere with such proposed nominee’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (B) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Company with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director of the Company that has not been disclosed to the Company, and (C) would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Company, and will comply with, all applicable rules of the exchanges upon which the securities of the Company are listed and all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, code of conduct and ethics, conflict of interest, confidentiality, corporate opportunities, stock ownership and trading and any other policies and guidelines of the Company applicable to directors,
(viii) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings (whether written or oral) during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among (x) the stockholder, the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is being made and the respective affiliates and associates of such stockholder and such beneficial owner, on the one hand, and (y) each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, on the other hand, including all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made or any affiliate or associate thereof were the “registrant” for purposes of such Item and the proposed nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant, and
(ix) such other information concerning such nominee as would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement soliciting proxies for the election of such nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or that is otherwise required to be disclosed pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected);
(b) as to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting:
(i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting,
(ii) the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration and in the event that such business includes a proposal to amend the Bylaws, the language of the proposed amendment),
(iii) the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, and
(iv) any substantial interest (within the meaning of Item 5 of Schedule 14A under the Exchange Act) in such business of such stockholder and the beneficial owner (within the meaning of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act), if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, including any anticipated benefit of such business to any such beneficial owner, other than solely as a result of its ownership of the Company’s capital stock, that is material to any such beneficial owner individually, or to the beneficial owners in the aggregate; and
(c) as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made:
(i) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Company’s books, and of such beneficial owner,

(ii) the class and/or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Company which are owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner as of the date of the notice, including any shares of any class and/or series of capital stock of the Company as to which such stockholder and such beneficial owner or any of their affiliates or associates has a right to acquire beneficial ownership at any time in the future and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Company in writing, within five business days after the record date for such meeting, of the class and number of shares of capital stock of the Company owned of record by the stockholder and such beneficial owner as of the record date for the meeting (except as otherwise provided herein),
(iii) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to the nomination or proposal between or among such stockholder and/or such beneficial owner, the nominee (in the case of a nomination) and any of their respective affiliates or associates (each of the foregoing, a “Stockholder Related Person”), including without limitation any agreements that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 5 or Item 6 of Exchange Act Schedule 13D (regardless of whether the requirement to file a Schedule 13D is applicable to the stockholder or beneficial owner) or any agreements, arrangements or understandings relating to any compensation or payments to be paid to any such proposed nominee(s) pertaining to the nomination(s) or other business proposed to be brought before the meeting of stockholders (which description shall identify the name of each person who is a party to such an agreement, arrangement or understanding) and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Company in writing, within five business days after the record date for such meeting, of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting (except as otherwise provided herein),
(iv) a description of any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether oral or in writing) with respect to the nomination or other business (including any derivative or short positions, profit interests, options, warrants, convertible securities, stock appreciation or similar rights, hedging transactions, and borrowed or loaned shares) that has been entered into as of the date of the stockholder’s notice by, or on behalf of, such stockholder and such beneficial owners, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in underlying shares of capital stock of the Company, the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss to, manage risk or benefit of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or such beneficial owner, with respect to securities of the Company, and a representation that the stockholder will notify the Company in writing within five business days after the record date for such meeting of any such agreement, arrangement or understanding in effect as of the record date for the meeting (except as otherwise provided herein),
(v) a representation that the stockholder is a holder of record of stock of the Company entitled to vote at such meeting, will continue to be a stockholder of record of the Company entitled to vote at such meeting through the date of such meeting and intends to appear in person or by proxy at the meeting to propose such business or nomination,
(vi) a representation whether the stockholder or the beneficial owner, if any, intends or is part of a group which intends (a) to deliver a proxy statement and/or form of proxy to holders of at least the percentage of the Company’s outstanding capital stock required to approve or adopt the proposal or elect the nominee, (b) otherwise to solicit proxies or votes from stockholders in support of such proposal or nomination, or (c) to solicit proxies in support of any proposed nominee in accordance with and as required by Rule 14a-19 promulgated under the Exchange Act,
(vii) to the extent known by any stockholder or beneficial owner, the name and address of any other stockholder financially supporting the proposal on the date of such stockholder’s notice, and to the extent known, the class and number of all shares of the Company’s capital stock owned beneficially and/or of record by such other stockholder(s) and beneficial owner(s),
(viii) a description of all derivative transactions (as defined below) by each stockholder or beneficial owner during the previous 12-month period, including the date of the transactions and the class, series and number of securities involved in, and the material economic terms of, such derivative transactions,
(ix) any proxy (other than a revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, the Exchange Act), agreement, arrangement or understanding pursuant to which such stockholder or beneficial owner has or shares a right, directly or indirectly, to vote any shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Company,

(x) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with respect to rights to dividends or other distributions on the shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Company, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially by such stockholder or beneficial owner that are separated or separable pursuant to such agreement, arrangement or understanding from the underlying shares of the Company,
(xi) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder or beneficial owner, directly or indirectly, is entitled to based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of any class or series of capital stock of the Company or any interests described in clause (c)(ii), and
(xii) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of directors in an election contest pursuant to and in accordance with Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.
The foregoing notice requirements of this paragraph (A) of this Section 10 shall be deemed satisfied by a stockholder with respect to business other than a nomination if the stockholder has notified the Company of his, her or its intention to present a proposal at an annual meeting in compliance with applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act and such stockholder’s proposal has been included in a proxy statement that has been prepared by the Company to solicit proxies for such annual meeting. The Company may require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as the Company may reasonably require to determine whether such proposed nominee is qualified under the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, these Bylaws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange applicable to the Company, or any law or regulation applicable to the Company to serve as a director and/or independent director of the Company.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (A)(2) of this Section 10 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Company at the annual meeting is increased effective after the time period for which nominations would otherwise be due under paragraph (A)(2) of this Section 10 and there is no public announcement by the Company naming the nominees for the additional directorships at least one hundred (100) days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 10 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for the additional directorships, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not later than the close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Company.
(4) A stockholder providing the written notice required by Section 10 shall update and supplement such notice in writing, if necessary, so that the information provided or required to be provided in such notice is true and correct in all material respects as of (A) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting and (B) the date that is five business days prior to the meeting and, in the event of any adjournment or postponement thereof, five business days prior to such adjourned or postponed meeting; provided, that no such update or supplement shall cure or affect the accuracy (or inaccuracy) of any representations made by any stockholder, Stockholder Related Person or nominee or the validity (or invalidity) of any nomination or proposal that failed to comply with this Section 10 or is rendered invalid as a result of any inaccuracy therein. In the case of an update and supplement pursuant to clause (A) of this Section 10(A)(4), such update and supplement shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not later than five business days after the later of the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of the meeting or the public announcement of such record date. In the case of an update and supplement pursuant to clause (B) of this Section 10(A)(4), such update and supplement shall be received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not later than two business days prior to the date for the meeting, and, in the event of any adjournment or postponement thereof, two business days prior to such adjourned or postponed meeting.

(B) Special Meetings of Stockholders. Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting (1) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof or (2) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Company who is a stockholder of record at the time the notice provided for in this Section 10 is delivered to the Secretary of the Company, who is entitled to vote at the meeting and upon such election and who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 10. In the event the Company calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder entitled to vote in such election of directors may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be) for election to such position(s) as specified in the Company’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by paragraph (A)(2) of this Section 10 shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Company not earlier than the close of business on the one hundred twentieth (120th) day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the ninetieth (90th) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10th) day following the day on which the Company first makes a public announcement of the date of the special meeting at which directors are to be elected. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above. The stockholder shall also update and supplement such information as required under Section 10(A)(4). The number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the special meeting (or in the case of one or more stockholders giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees such stockholders may collectively nominate for election at the special meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner in the case of a stockholder giving the notice on behalf of a beneficial owner, the number of nominees a stockholder may nominate for election at the special meeting on behalf of such beneficial owner) shall not exceed the number of directors to be elected at such special meeting.
(C) General. (1) Except as otherwise expressly provided in any applicable rule or regulation promulgated under the Exchange Act, only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10 shall be eligible to be elected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Company to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Bylaws, unless otherwise required by applicable law, if any stockholder or Stockholder Related Person (i) provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act with respect to any proposed nominee and (ii) subsequently fails to comply with the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(2) or Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act (or fails to timely provide reasonable evidence sufficient to satisfy the Company that such stockholder has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act in accordance with the following sentence), then the nomination of each such proposed nominee shall be disregarded, notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of the election of such proposed nominees may have been received by the Company (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded), notwithstanding that proxies or votes in respect of that election of such proposed nominees may have been received by the Company (which proxies and votes shall be disregarded). Upon request by the Company, if any stockholder provides notice pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act, such stockholder shall deliver to the Company, no later than five business days prior to the applicable meeting, reasonable evidence that it or such Stockholder Related Person has met the requirements of Rule 14a-19(a)(3) promulgated under the Exchange Act. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Chairman of the Meeting shall have the power and duty (a) to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 10 (including whether the stockholder or beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made, solicited (or is part of a group which solicited) or did not so solicit, as the case may be, proxies or votes in support of such stockholder’s nominee or proposal in compliance with such stockholder’s representation as required by clause (A)(2)(c)(vi) of this Section 10) and (b) if any proposed nomination or business was not made or proposed in compliance with this Section 10, to declare that such nomination shall be disregarded or that such proposed business shall not be transacted. Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10, unless otherwise required by law, if the stockholder (or a qualified representative of the stockholder) does not provide the information required under Section 10(A)(4) to the Company within the time frames specified therein, or does not appear at the annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Company to present a nomination or proposed business, such nomination shall be disregarded and such proposed business shall not be transacted, notwithstanding that proxies in respect of such vote may have

been received by the Company. For purposes of this Section 10, to be considered a qualified representative of the stockholder, a person must be a duly authorized officer, manager or partner of such stockholder or must be authorized by a writing executed by such stockholder or an electronic transmission delivered by such stockholder to act for such stockholder as proxy at the meeting of stockholders and such person must produce such writing or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the writing or electronic transmission, at the meeting of stockholders. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, and for the avoidance of doubt, the nomination of any person whose name is included as a nominee in the Company’s proxy statement, notice of meeting or other proxy materials for any annual meeting (or any supplement thereto) as a result of any notice provided by any Stockholder Related Person pursuant to Rule 14a-19(b) promulgated under the Exchange Act with respect to such proposed nominee and whose nomination is not made by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or any committee thereof shall not be deemed (for purposes of clause (1)(a) paragraph (A) of this Section 10 or otherwise) to have been made pursuant to the Company’s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) and any such nominee may only be nominated by a stockholder of the Company pursuant to clause (1)(c) of paragraph (A) of this Section 10 (and, in the case of a special meeting of stockholders pursuant to and to the extent permitted under paragraph (B) of this Section 10).
(2) For purposes of this Section 10:
(i) “affiliates” and “associates” shall have the meanings set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act;
(ii) “public announcement” shall include disclosure in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or other national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Company with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or by such other means reasonably designed to inform the public or stockholders in general of such information including, without limitation, posting on the Company’s investor relations website;
(iii) shares shall be treated as “beneficially owned” by a person if the person beneficially owns such shares, directly or indirectly, for purposes of Section 13(d) of the Exchange Act and Regulations 13D and 13G thereunder or has or shares pursuant to any agreement, arrangement or understanding (whether or not in writing) providing: (1) the right to acquire such shares (whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time or the fulfillment of a condition or both), (2) the right to vote such shares, alone or in concert with others and/or (3) investment power with respect to such shares, including the power to dispose of, or to direct the disposition of, such shares;
(iv) a “derivative transaction” shall mean any agreement, arrangement, interest or understanding entered into by, or on behalf or for the benefit of, any stockholder or beneficial owner or any of its affiliates or associates, whether record or beneficial:
(a) the value of which is derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares or other securities of the Company,
(b) that otherwise provides any direct or indirect opportunity to gain or share in any gain derived from a change in the value of securities of the Company,
(c) the effect or intent of which is to mitigate loss, manage risk or benefit from changes in value or price with respect to any securities of the Company, or
(d) that provides the right to vote or increase or decrease the voting power of, such stockholder or beneficial owner, or any of its affiliates or associates, directly or indirectly, with respect to any securities of the Company, which agreement, arrangement, interest or understanding may include, without limitation, any option, warrant, debt position, note, bond, convertible security, swap, stock appreciation or similar right, short position, profit interest, hedge, right to dividends, voting agreement, performance-related fee or arrangement to borrow or lend shares (whether or not subject to payment, settlement, exercise or conversion in any such class or series), and any proportionate interest of such stockholder or beneficial owner in the securities of the Company held by any general or limited partnership, or any limited liability company, of which such stockholder or beneficial owner is, directly or indirectly, a general partner or managing member.

(3) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 10, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 10; provided however, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit any requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to this Section 10, and compliance with paragraphs (A) and (B) of this Section 10 shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than, as provided in the penultimate sentence of (A)(2) of this Section 10, business other than nominations brought properly under and in compliance with Rule 14a-8 of the Exchange Act, as may be amended from time to time). Nothing in this Section 10 shall be deemed to affect any rights (a) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals or nominations in the Company’s proxy statement pursuant to applicable rules and regulations promulgated under the Exchange Act or (b) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock to elect directors pursuant to any applicable provisions of the Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
SECTION 11. Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken or are provided in any other manner permitted by the DGCL. At the adjourned meeting the Company may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. If after the adjournment a new record date for determination of stockholders entitled to vote is fixed for the adjourned meeting, the Board of Directors shall fix as the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of such adjourned meeting the same or an earlier date as that fixed for determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting, and shall give notice of the adjourned meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the adjourned meeting as of the record date so fixed for notice of such adjourned meeting.
ARTICLE III.
DIRECTORS
SECTION 1. General. The business and affairs of the Company shall be managed by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the authority and powers conferred on the Board of Directors by the DGCL or by the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, the Board of Directors is authorized and empowered to exercise all such powers and do all such acts and things as may be exercised or done by the Company, subject to the provisions of the DGCL, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company and these Bylaws.
SECTION 2. Classification of Board of Directors. The number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be fixed in the manner provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company. The terms of office and classification of the directors shall be as provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
SECTION 3. Newly Created Directorships and Vacancies. Newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the number of directors and any vacancies on the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, removal, disqualification or other cause shall be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, even though less than a quorum of the Board of Directors. Any director elected in accordance with the preceding sentence shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the new directorship was created or the vacancy occurred and until that director’s successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.
SECTION 4. Place of Meetings and Meetings by Telephone. Meetings of the Board of Directors may be held either within or without the State of Delaware, at whatever place is specified by the person calling the meeting. Meetings of the Board of Directors may also be held by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in such a meeting by means of conference telephone or other communications equipment shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.
SECTION 5. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such places and at such times as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

SECTION 6. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time upon the call of the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, the President or the Secretary of the Company or a majority of the directors then in office. Notice may be in writing and delivered personally or mailed to such director at such director’s address appearing on the books of the Company, or may be given by telephone or by any means of electronic transmission (including, without limitation, electronic mail) directed to an address for receipt by such director of electronic transmissions appearing on the books of the Company, at least twenty four hours before the meeting, or oral notice may be substituted for such notice if received not later than the day preceding the date of such meeting. Notice of any such meeting may be waived in writing or by electronic transmission before or after such meeting, and shall be equivalent to the giving of notice. Attendance of a director at such meeting shall also constitute a waiver of notice thereof, except where he attends for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Except as otherwise provided by these Bylaws, neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be specified in the notice or waiver of notice of such meeting.
SECTION 7. Quorum and Voting. Except as otherwise provided by law, a majority of the number of directors fixed in the manner provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company or these Bylaws, the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. Any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors may be adjourned from time to time by those present, whether a quorum is present or not.
SECTION 8. Compensation. Directors shall receive such compensation for their services as shall be determined by the Board of Directors.
SECTION 9. Removal. Directors may be removed in the manner provided in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation and applicable law.
SECTION 10. Executive and Other Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution or resolutions adopted by a majority of the full Board of Directors, may designate one or more members of the Board of Directors to constitute an Executive Committee, and one or more other committees, which shall in each case consist of such number of directors as the Board of Directors may determine from time to time. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Subject to such restrictions as may be contained in the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation or that may be imposed by the DGCL, any such committee shall have and may exercise such powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Company as the Board of Directors may determine by resolution and specify in the respective resolutions appointing them, and may authorize the seal of the Company to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference to the following matters: (a) approving or adopting, or recommending to the stockholders of the Company, any action or matter expressly required by the DGCL to be submitted to the stockholders for approval (other than the election or removal of directors) or (b) adopting, amending or repealing any Bylaw of the Company.
The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any such committee and to fill vacancies in it. A majority of the members of any such committee shall constitute a quorum. Each such committee may appoint such subcommittees and assistants as it may deem necessary. Except as otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, meetings of any committee shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of Sections 4 and 6 of this Article III, as the same shall from time to time be amended.

ARTICLE IV.
OFFICERS
SECTION 1. Officers. The officers of the Company shall consist of a President and a Secretary and such other officers as the Board of Directors may from time to time elect or appoint. The Board of Directors may delegate to the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, or the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, the authority to appoint additional officers and agents of the Company. Each officer shall hold office until his successor shall have been duly elected or appointed and shall qualify or until his death or until he shall resign or shall have been removed in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person. Except for the Chairman of the Board, if any, no officer need be a director.
SECTION 2. Vacancies; Removal. Any vacancy in any office resulting from the removal by the Board of Directors of such officer or by the establishment of a new office shall be filled solely by the Board of Directors. Any vacancy in any office resulting from the death or resignation of any officer may be filled by the Board of Directors or any other officer to whom the power to appoint such officer has been delegated. The Board of Directors may remove any officer with or without cause at any time, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Election or appointment of an officer shall not of itself create contract rights.
SECTION 3. Powers and Duties of Officers. The officers of the Company shall have such powers and duties as generally pertain to their offices as well as such powers and duties as from time to time shall be conferred by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall have the duty to record the proceedings of the meetings of the stockholders and directors in a book to be kept for that purpose.
ARTICLE V.
INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 1. General. The Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law in effect on the date of effectiveness of these Bylaws, and to such greater extent as applicable law may thereafter permit, indemnify and hold Indemnitee (as this and all other capitalized words used in this Article V not previously defined in these Bylaws are defined in Article V, Section 16 (Definitions)) harmless from and against any and all losses, liabilities, claims, damages and, subject to Article V, Section 2 (Expenses), all Expenses whatsoever arising out of any event or occurrence related to the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the Company or is or was serving in another Corporate Status.
SECTION 2. Expenses. If Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith to the fullest extent permitted by law. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to any Matter in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf relating to such Matter to the fullest extent permitted by law. The termination of any Matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such Matter. To the extent that the Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.
SECTION 3. Advances. In the event of any threatened or pending action, suit or proceeding in which Indemnitee is a party or is involved and that may give rise to a right of indemnification under this Article V, following written request to the Company by Indemnitee, the Company shall promptly pay to Indemnitee amounts to cover all Expenses reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in such proceeding in advance of its final disposition upon the receipt by the Company of a written undertaking executed by or on behalf of Indemnitee providing that Indemnitee will repay the advance if it shall ultimately be determined that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company as provided in these Bylaws.
SECTION 4. Repayment of Advances or Other Expenses. Indemnitee shall be obligated to reimburse the Company for all expenses advanced by the Company to Indemnitee, or to a third party engaged for the benefit of Indemnitee, in defending any civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding against Indemnitee in the event and only to the extent that it shall be determined pursuant to the provisions of this Article V or by final judgment or other final adjudication under the provisions of any applicable law that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company for such expenses.

SECTION 5. Request for Indemnification or Advances. To obtain indemnification or an advancement of expenses, Indemnitee shall submit to the Secretary of the Company a written claim or request. Such written claim or request shall contain sufficient information to reasonably inform the Company about the nature and extent of the indemnification or advance sought by Indemnitee. The Secretary of the Company shall promptly advise the Board of Directors of such claim or request.
SECTION 6. Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control. If there has been no Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is submitted, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in accordance with Section 145(d) of the DGCL. If entitlement to indemnification is to be determined by Independent Counsel, the Company shall furnish notice to Indemnitee within ten days after receipt of the request for indemnification, specifying the identity and address of Independent Counsel. The Indemnitee may, within fourteen days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Company a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis for such assertion. If there is an objection to the selection of Independent Counsel, either the Company or Indemnitee may petition the Court for a determination that the objection is without a reasonable basis and/or for the appointment of Independent Counsel selected by the Court.
SECTION 7. Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control. If there has been a Change of Control at the time the request for indemnification is submitted, Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification shall be determined in a written opinion by Independent Counsel selected by Indemnitee. Indemnitee shall give the Company written notice advising of the identity and address of the Independent Counsel so selected. The Company may, within seven days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection. Indemnitee may, within five days after the receipt of such objection from the Company, submit the name of another Independent Counsel and the Company may, within seven days after receipt of such written notice of selection, deliver to the Indemnitee a written objection to such selection. Any objections referred to in this Section 7 may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of Independent Counsel and such objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis for such assertion. Indemnitee may petition the Court for a determination that the Company’s objection to the first and/or second selection of independent Counsel is without a reasonable basis and/or for the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the Court.
SECTION 8. Procedures of Independent Counsel. If a Change of Control shall have occurred before the request for indemnification is sent by Indemnitee, Indemnitee shall be presumed (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article V) to be entitled to indemnification upon submission of a request for indemnification in accordance with Article V, Section 5 (Request for Indemnification), and thereafter the Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome the presumption in reaching a contrary determination. The presumption shall be used by Independent Counsel as a basis for a determination of entitlement to indemnification unless the Company provides information sufficient to overcome such presumption by clear and convincing evidence or the investigation, review and analysis of Independent Counsel convinces him by clear and convincing evidence that the presumption should not apply.
Except in the event that the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Independent Counsel, if the person or persons empowered under Article V, Section 6 (Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control) or Section 7 (Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control) to determine entitlement to indemnification shall not have made and furnished to Indemnitee in writing a determination within 60 days after receipt by the Company of the request therefor, the requisite determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification or such indemnification is prohibited by applicable law. The termination of any Proceeding or of any Matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Article V) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner that he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, or with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. A person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan of the Company shall be deemed to have acted in a manner not opposed to the best interests of the Company.

For purposes of any determination hereunder, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, or, with respect to any criminal action or Proceeding, to have had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful, if his action is based on the records or books of account of the Company or another enterprise or on information supplied to him by the officers of the Company or another enterprise in the course of their duties or on the advice of legal counsel for the Company or another enterprise or on information or records given or reports made to the Company or another enterprise by an independent certified public accountant or by an appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Company or another enterprise. The term “another enterprise” as used in this Section shall mean any other company or any partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise of which such person is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee or agent. The provisions of this paragraph shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which an Indemnitee may be deemed to have met the applicable standards of conduct for determining entitlement to rights under this Article V.
SECTION 9. Independent Counsel Expenses. The Company shall pay any and all reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel incurred acting pursuant to this Article V and in any proceeding to which it is a party or witness in respect of its investigation and written report and shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the procedures in which such Independent Counsel was selected or appointed. No Independent Counsel may serve if a timely objection has been made (and not withdrawn) to his selection until a Court has determined that such objection is without a reasonable basis.
SECTION 10. Adjudication. In the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Article V, Section 6 (Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control) or Section 7 (Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control) that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Article V; (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Article V, Section 3 (Advances); (iii) Independent Counsel has not made and delivered a written opinion determining the request for indemnification (a) within ninety days after being appointed by the Court, (b) within ninety days after objections to his selection have been overruled by the Court or (c) within ninety days after the time for the Company or Indemnitee to object to his selection; or (iv) payment of indemnification is not made within thirty days after a determination of entitlement to indemnification has been made or deemed to have been made pursuant to Article V, Section 6 (Determination of Entitlement; No Change of Control), Section 7 (Determination of Entitlement; Change of Control) or Section 8 (Procedures of Independent Counsel), Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of the State of Delaware, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of his entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses. In the event that a determination shall have been made that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 10 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. If a Change of Control shall have occurred, in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 10, the Company shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be. If a determination shall have been made or deemed to have been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 10, or otherwise, unless Indemnitee knowingly misrepresented a material fact in connection with the request for indemnification, or such indemnification is prohibited by law.
The Company shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this Section 10 that the procedures and presumptions of this Article V are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such proceeding that the Company is bound by all provisions of this Article V. In the event that Indemnitee, pursuant to this Section 10, seeks a judicial adjudication to enforce his rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Article V, Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company, and shall be indemnified by the Company against, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in such judicial adjudication, but only if he prevails therein. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advancement of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.

SECTION 11. Participation by the Company. With respect to any such claim, action, suit, proceeding or investigation as to which Indemnitee notifies the Company of the commencement thereof: (a) the Company will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense; (b) except as otherwise provided below, to the extent that it may wish, the Company (jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified) will be entitled to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee. After receipt of notice from the Company to Indemnitee of the Company’s election so to assume the defense thereof, the Company will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Article V for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation or as otherwise provided below. Indemnitee shall have the right to employ his own counsel in such action, suit, proceeding or investigation but the fees and expenses of such counsel incurred after notice from the Company of its assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of Indemnitee unless (i) the employment of counsel by Indemnitee has been authorized by the Company, (ii) Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there is a conflict of interest between the Company and Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action or (iii) the Company shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel employed by Indemnitee shall be subject to indemnification pursuant to the terms of this Article V. The Company shall not be entitled to assume the defense of any action, suit, proceeding or investigation brought in the name of or on behalf of the Company or as to which Indemnitee shall have made the conclusion provided for in (ii) above; and (c) the Company shall not be liable to indemnify Indemnitee under this Article V for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. The Company shall not settle any action or claim in any manner that would impose any limitation or unindemnified penalty on Indemnitee without Indemnitee’s written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.
SECTION 12. Nonexclusivity of Rights. The rights of indemnification and advancement of Expenses as provided by this Article V shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled to under applicable law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, these Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article V or any provision hereof shall be effective as to any Indemnitee for acts, events and circumstances that occurred, in whole or in part, before such amendment, alteration or repeal. The provisions of this Article V shall continue as to an Indemnitee whose Corporate Status has ceased for any reason and shall inure to the benefit of his heirs, executors and administrators. Neither the provisions of this Article V nor those of any agreement to which the Company is a party shall be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in this Article V as having the right to receive indemnification or is not a party to any such agreement, but whom the Company has the power or obligation to indemnify under the provisions of the DGCL.
SECTION 13. Insurance and Subrogation. The Company may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any such expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under applicable law.
The Company shall not be liable under this Article V to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if, but only to the extent that, Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.
In the event of any payment hereunder, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action reasonably requested by the Company to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.
SECTION 14. Severability. If any provision or provisions of this Article V shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby; and, to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Article V shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.
SECTION 15. Certain Actions for Which Indemnification Is Not Provided. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article V but subject to Section 10, no person shall be entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses under this Article V with respect to any Proceeding, or any Matter therein, brought or made by such person against the Company.

SECTION 16. Definitions. For purposes of this Article V:
“Change of Control” means the occurrence of any of the following: (i) there shall have occurred an event required to be reported with respect to the Company in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or in response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act, whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement; (ii) any “person” (as such term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) shall have become the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding voting securities without prior approval of at least two-thirds of the members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such person attaining such percentage interest; (iii) the Company is a party to a merger, consolidation, sale of assets or other reorganization, or a proxy contest, as a consequence of which members of the Board of Directors in office immediately prior to such transaction or event constitute less than a majority of the Board of Directors thereafter; or (iv) during any period of two consecutive years, individuals who at the beginning of such period constituted the Board of Directors (including, for this purpose, any new director whose election or nomination for election by the Company’s stockholders was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then still in office who were directors at the beginning of such period) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board of Directors.
“Corporate Status” describes the status of Indemnitee as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of the Company or of any other corporation, partnership, limited liability company, association, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company.
“Court” means the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or any other court of competent jurisdiction.
“Designated Professional Capacity” shall include, but not be limited to, a physician, nurse, psychologist or therapist, registered surveyor, registered engineer, registered architect, attorney, certified public accountant or other person who renders such professional services within the course and scope of his employment, who is licensed by appropriate regulatory authorities to practice such profession and who, while acting in the course of such employment, committed or is alleged to have committed any negligent acts, errors or omissions in rendering such professional services at the request of the Company or pursuant to his employment (including, without limitation, rendering written or oral opinions to third parties).
“Expenses” shall include all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding.
“Indemnitee” includes any officer or director of the Company who is, or is threatened to be made, a witness in or a party to any Proceeding as described in Article V, Section 1 (General) or Section 2 (Expenses) by reason of his Corporate Status.
“Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the five years previous to his selection or appointment has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.
“Matter” is a claim, a material issue or a substantial request for relief.
“Proceeding” includes any action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, administrative hearing or any other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, except one initiated by an Indemnitee pursuant to Article V, Section 10 (Adjudication) to enforce his rights under this Article V.

SECTION 17. Notices. Promptly after receipt by Indemnitee of notice of the commencement of any action, suit or proceeding, Indemnitee shall, if he anticipates or contemplates making a claim for expenses or an advance pursuant to the terms of this Article V, notify the Company of the commencement of such action, suit or proceeding; provided, however, that any delay in so notifying the Company shall not constitute a waiver or release by Indemnitee of rights hereunder and that any omission by Indemnitee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company from any liability that it may have to Indemnitee otherwise than under this Article V. Any communication required or permitted to the Company shall be addressed to the Secretary of the Company and any such communication to Indemnitee shall be addressed to Indemnitee’s address as shown on the Company’s records unless he specifies otherwise and shall be personally delivered or delivered by overnight mail delivery. Any such notice shall be effective upon receipt.
SECTION 18. Contractual Rights. The right to be indemnified or to the advancement or reimbursement of Expenses (i) is a contract right based upon good and valuable consideration, pursuant to which Indemnitee may sue as if these provisions were set forth in a separate written contract between Indemnitee and the Company, (ii) is and is intended to be retroactive and shall be available as to events occurring prior to the adoption of these provisions and (iii) shall continue after any rescission or restrictive modification of such provisions as to events occurring prior thereto.
SECTION 19. Indemnification of Employees, Agents and Fiduciaries. The Company, by adoption of a resolution of the Board of Directors, may indemnify and advance expenses to a person who is an employee (including an employee acting in his Designated Professional Capacity), agent or fiduciary of the Company including any such person who is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of any other corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise to the same extent and subject to the same conditions (or to such lesser extent and/or with such other conditions as the Board of Directors may determine) under which it may indemnify and advance expenses to an Indemnitee under this Article V.
ARTICLE VI.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
SECTION 1. Offices. The address of the registered office of the Company in the State of Delaware and the name of the registered agent of the Company at such address is as set forth in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation. The principal office of the Company shall be located in Phoenix, Arizona, unless and until changed by resolution of the Board of Directors. The Company may also have offices at such other places as the Board of Directors may designate from time to time, or as the business of the Company may require. The principal office and registered office may be, but need not be, the same.
SECTION 2. Resignations. Any director or officer may resign at any time. Such resignations shall be made in writing or by electronic transmission and shall take effect at the time or upon the occurrence of an event specified therein, or, if no such time or event is specified, at the time of its receipt by the Chairman of the Board, if there is one, the Chief Executive Officer, if there is one, the President or the Secretary. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective, unless expressly so provided in the resignation.
SECTION 3. Seal. The Corporate Seal shall be circular in form, shall have inscribed thereon the name of the Company and may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or otherwise reproduced.
SECTION 4. Separability. If one or more of the provisions of these Bylaws shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision hereof and these Bylaws shall be construed as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision or provisions had never been contained herein.

SECTION 5. Forum Selection. Unless a majority of the Board of Directors, acting on behalf of the Company, consents to or approves of the selection of an alternative forum, (A) the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law, be the sole and exclusive forum for (1) any derivative action or proceeding brought on behalf of the Company, (2) any action asserting a claim of breach of a fiduciary duty owed by any current or former director, officer, other employee or stockholder of the Company to the Company or the Company’s stockholders, (3) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to any provision of the DGCL, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws or as to which the DGCL confers jurisdiction on the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or (4) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine of the law of the State of Delaware and (B) the federal district courts of the United States shall be the exclusive forum for the resolution of any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act. Any person or entity purchasing or otherwise acquiring or holding any interest in shares of capital stock of the Company shall be deemed to have notice of and consented to the provisions of this Section 5.
SECTION 6. Manner of Notice.
(A) Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, any notice to stockholders given by the Company under any provision of the DGCL, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws may be given in writing directed to the stockholder’s mailing address (or by electronic transmission directed to the stockholder’s electronic mail address, as applicable) as it appears on the records of the Company. Notice shall be given (i) if mailed, when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, (ii) if delivered by courier service, the earlier of when the notice is received or left at the stockholder’s address, or (iii) if given by electronic mail, when directed to such stockholder’s electronic mail address (unless the stockholder has notified the Company in writing or by electronic transmission of an objection to receiving notice by electronic mail or such notice is prohibited by the DGCL to be given by electronic transmission). A notice by electronic mail must include a prominent legend that the communication is an important notice regarding the Company. A notice by electronic mail will include any files attached thereto and any information hyperlinked to a website if such electronic mail includes the contact information of an officer or agent of the Company who is available to assist with accessing such files or information. Any notice to stockholders given by the Company under any provision of the DGCL, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws provided by means of electronic transmission (other than any such notice given by electronic mail) may only be given in a form consented to by such stockholder, and any such notice by such means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to be given as provided by the DGCL.
(B) Except as otherwise provided herein or permitted by applicable law, notices to any director may be in writing and delivered personally or mailed to such director at such director’s address appearing on the books of the Company, or may be given by telephone or by any means of electronic transmission (including, without limitation, electronic mail) directed to an address for receipt by such director of electronic transmissions appearing on the books of the Company.
(C) Without limiting the manner by which notice otherwise may be given effectively to stockholders, and except as prohibited by applicable law, any notice to stockholders given by the Company under any provision of applicable law, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, or these Bylaws shall be effective if given by a single written notice to stockholders who share an address if consented to by the stockholders at that address to whom such notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder by written notice to the Company. Any stockholder who fails to object in writing to the Company, within sixty (60) days of having been given written notice by the Company of its intention to send the single notice permitted under this paragraph (C) of this Section 6, shall be deemed to have consented to receiving such single written notice.
SECTION 7. Electronic Signatures, etc. Any document, including, without limitation, any consent, agreement, certificate or instrument, required by the DGCL, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws to be executed by any officer, director, stockholder, employee or agent of the Company may be executed using a facsimile or other form of electronic signature to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. All other contracts, agreements, certificates or instruments to be executed on behalf of the Company may be executed using a facsimile or other form of electronic signature to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law. The terms “electronic mail,” “electronic mail address,” “electronic signature” and “electronic transmission” as used herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the DGCL.

ARTICLE VII.
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
SECTION 1. Vote Requirements. The Board of Directors is expressly empowered to adopt, amend or repeal these Bylaws. Any adoption, amendment or repeal of these Bylaws by the Board of Directors shall require the affirmative vote of at least 80% of all directors then in office at any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors called for that purpose.